• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2006

Purpose: We performed vastus lateralis (VL) muslce or myocutaneous flap for close of the trochanteric skin defect usually happened in paraplegia and report our 6 cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and August 2005 we performed 4 cases of VL muscule flap with skin graft and 2 cases of VL myocutaneous flap for close of the trochanteric skin defect in 6 paraplegia patients. There were 5 men and 1 woman and mean age was 52.2 years and mean diameters of skin defect was $8.3{\times}8.3\;cm$. The mean follow up period was 18 months. The survival of flap, complications, healing time and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Results: All flaps were survived except 1 case of margin necrosis. In 2 cases, blood-serous discharges were continued after operation which might be due to dead space and treated with $2{\sim}3$ times debridement and delayed close. Mean time to heal the skin defect was 7.6 weeks. No infection and recurrence in follow up periods. Cosmetic results judged by patients are that 3 cases are good and 3 cases are fair. Conclusion: VL muscle and myocutaneous flap is good treatment method among the numerous methods in treatment-failed cases of trochanteric skin defects of paraplegia patients. This surgical procedure is simple, constant blood supply, good pliability, cosmetic results and also appliable to other skin defect of pelvis girdle like sacrum and ischium.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2001

In rehabilitation programs involving muscle re-education and endurance exercise, it is necessary to confirm when fatigue occurs. It is also necessary to quantify fatigue, to confirm whether the muscle has been exercised sufficiently. In general, as fatigue occurs, the force-generating ability of the muscle is reduced. If the median frequency (MDF) obtained from electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum is correlated highly with work, then the timing and degree of fatigue may be confirmed. This study examined the relationship between work and MDF obtained from the EMG power spectrum during repetitive isokinetic exercise. Surface EMG signals were collected from biceps brachii and vastus lateralis of 52 normal subjects (26 males, 26 females) at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and $60^{\circ}/sec$ while performing an isokinetic exercise. The exercise was finished at 25% of peak work. MDF data was obtained using a moving fast Fourier transformation (FFT), and random noise was removed using the inverse FFT, then a new MDF data was obtained from the main signal. There was a high correlation between work and MDF during repetitiv isokinetic exercise in the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis of males and the biceps brachii of females (r=.50~.77). However, there was a low correlation between work and MDF in the vastus lateralis of females (r=.06~.19).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2012

Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap has become a popular option for treating soft tissue defects of lower extremity reconstruction and can be combined with a segment of the vastus lateralis muscle. We present a comparison of the use of the ALT fasciocutaneous (ALT-FC) and myocutaneous flaps. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients in whom free-tissue transfer was performed between 2005 and 2011 for the reconstruction of lower extremity soft-tissue defects. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups: reconstruction using an ALT-FC flap (12 cases) and reconstruction using a vastus lateralis myocutaneous (VL-MC) flap (12 cases). Postoperative complications, functional results, cosmetic results, and donor-site morbidities were studied. Results Complete flap survival was 100% in both groups. A flap complication was noted in one case (marginal dehiscence) of the ALT-FC group, and no complications were noted in the VL-MC group. In both groups, one case of partial skin graft loss occurred at the donor site, and debulking surgeries were needed for two cases. There were no significant differences in the mean scores for either functional or cosmetic outcomes in either group. Conclusions The VL-MC flap is able to fill occasional dead space and has comparable survival rates to ALT-FC with minimal donor-site morbidity. Additionally, the VL-MC flap is easily elevated without myocutaneous perforator injury.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the VMO/VL ratio and onset timing using EMG biofeedback training over a 5-day period. Methods : Twenty-one healthy female college students with no known right knee musculoskeletal dysfunction were recruited this study. Muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography(Myosystem 1400A, Noraxon Inc., U.S.A). Statistical analysis was used two-way repeated ANOVA to know difference between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis oblique onset timing differences, VMO/VL ratio. Results : Biofeedback training group significantly improved VMO/VL ratio and EMG activity of the vastus medialis oblique after intervention. Conclusion : These result indicate that biofeedback training on the vastus medialis oblique has effect on the VMO/VL ratio. EMG biofeedback can be recommended for the facilitation of VMO muscular recruitment.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

This study performed in order to investigate the effect of isometric resistance exercise for vastus medialis oblique muscle with EMG(electromyography) biofeedback training which are applied to the patello-femoral joint of patients with osteoarthritis on the improve of function. The subjects had no neuromuscular disorders, and they were elder patients with osteoarthritis, 20 women. And the experiment was performed in control group, taping with EMG biofeedback training group respectively, and the measurement was carried out before and after the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment. Motor unit action potential analysis with surface electromyography showed a significant change in RMS(root mean square) amplitude and MDF(median frequency) in vastus medialis oblique muscle(p<0.05). VMO/VL(vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis oblique) MDF ratio showed a significant change between groups(p<0.05). Taping with EMG biofeedback training applied to patello-femoral joint of osteoarthritis patients appeared to be effective for muscle function improvement. However, increase of muscular force in vastus medialis oblique muscle appears to have a positive effect on improve of function along with correction effect on patella malalignment. In conclusion, in case of osteoarthritis patients with loss of patello-femoral joint function, it appears to be effective to practice isometric resistance exercise of vastus medialis oblique muscle selective with taping.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isokinetic exercise on muscular performance and thickness of the quadriceps muscle. Methods: Twenty one healthy male students participated in this study. Participants were divided into 2 groups: $60^{\circ}/sec$ of isokinetic exercise (n=7), $180^{\circ}/sec$ (n=7) and $300^{\circ}/sec$ (n=7). Each group did isokinetic exercises 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Each group was measured for peak torque per body weight, average power and total work using a Biodex System 4. Rectus femoris, vastus laterails and vastus medialis were measured for muscle thickness using a SONOACE 6000C. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0. Results: There was a significant time-related effect in peak torque per body weight, average power and total work. There was a significant time-related effect in the vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscle thickness. However, there was a significant group by time interaction for vastus laterlis muscle thickness. Conclusion: Isokinetic exercise may be an effective method for improving quadriceps muscle performance regardless of angular velocity. However, the thickness of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscle may be increased regardless of the angular velocity of the quadriceps muscle the vastus lateralis muscle may only be remarkably improved when doing exercise with low angular velocity.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to confirm changes in the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris with changes in the ankle and hip joint angles during the transition from sitting to standing. Method : Twenty-five healthy 20-30-year-old women participated in the study. The subjects performed standing-up movements in four positions: standard posture (hip = $90^{\circ}$/ankle = $0^{\circ}$); posture on a decline board (hip > $90^{\circ}$/ankle < $0^{\circ}$), posture on a footboard (hip > $90^{\circ}$/ankle = $0^{\circ}$); and posture on a decline board with a higher chair (hip = $90^{\circ}$/ankle < $0^{\circ}$). Then, the muscle activities of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis were measured using surface electromyography. Result : The muscle activities of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the footboard application were statistically significantly higher than in the application of the decline board with a higher chair. Conclusion : This study confirms that the flexion of the hip joint has a greater effect than the plantar flexion of the ankle joint on the muscle activity of the quadriceps during a sit-to-stand movement.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2012

Background: This study was performed to identify what effect plyometric exercise with application of kinesio taping gives on muscle activity and power of lower limb. Methods: In order to conduct research, total 14 male students at G university located Gwangyang city were randomly assigned; 7 for experimental group (with kinesio taping application) and 7 for control groups(without kinesio taping application) were conducted with box drill, one of the plyometric exercise 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Muscle activities were measured by using electrodiagnosis equipment on quadriceps and gastrocnemius. Collected data was analyzed by using Windows SPSS version 19.0. Results: Muscle activities show statistically significant differences (p<.05) both before and after exercise in experimental and control groups in terms of vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and lateral gastrocnemius. However, only medial gastrocnemius shows statistically significant differences in experimental group compared before and after exercise. Sargent jump for measuring power shows that only experimental group presents statistically significant differences (p<.05). Two groups show that vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius only in muscle activities show statistically significant differences (p<.05) after exercise. Conclusion: The result of this survey indicates that plyometric exercise is effective to improve muscle activity and power of lower limb, especially, the group who exercises with application of kinesio tape is more effective than the other group with no tape application. Therefore, it is considered that plyometric exercise with tape is more effective to improve power and muscle strength.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Most exercise for Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). Although open chain knee extension exercises are effective for increasing overall quadriceps strength, they are not always indicated for PFPS rehabilitation. This study was designed to identify the effect of combined posture of lower extremity on Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and VMO during static squat exercises. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury and their Q-angle was within a normal range. They were asked to perform static squat exercises in five various postures using their lower extremities. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in five exercises by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the five postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way ANOVA with repeated measures. Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that exercise 3 and exercise 5 produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios than exercise 1 (p<.05). When the static squat exercise was combined with hip adduction and toes pointed outwardly, the EMG activity of VMO/VL rates was increased. The EMG activity of VMO/VL ratio was highest during static squat exercises performed on a decline squat. These results haveimportant implications for progressive and selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric hip adduction and abduction on the muscle activities of vastus medialis oblique(VMO) and vastus lateralis(VL) during leg squat exercises. This study consisted of 21 healthy subjects who had no medical history of anterior knee pain or lower extremity disorders. The ball and belt were used to isometrically adduct and abduct the hip joint during the leg squat exercise, respectively. The surface electromyograms of VMO and VL were analyzed, and the findings were used to calculate the VMO:VL ratio during 3 different quadriceps-strengthening exercises(leg squat, LS leg squat with isometric hip adduction, LSHD leg squat with isometric hip abduction, LSHB). The muscle activities of VMO and VL and the VMO:VL ratios were compared using the paired t-test with Bonferroni adjustment. The results showed that the muscle activities of VMO and VL during LSHD were greater than those during LSHB. The VMO:VL ratio was the highest during LSHD. This finding suggests that LSHD using a ball is more effective than LS and LSHB in selectively increasing the muscle activities of VMO. Therefore, we suggest that leg squat exercise with isometric hip adduction using a ball would be useful for maintaining correct patella tracking and for selectively strengthening VMO.