• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.283-302
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• 2004

Background : Angiogenesis is the proliferation of a network of blood vessels emanating from pre-existing vessels, supplying nutrients and oxygen and removing waste products. Angiogenesis occurs in a variety of normal physiologic and pathologic conditions and is regulated by a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory angiogenic factors. Excessive angiogenesis should be suppressed. However, if blood supply is insufficient, it should be encouraged. Hyul-Mek(血脈) or Hyul-Rark(血絡), known as blood vessels in western medicine, is deeply related to Chung-Ki-Hyul(精 氣 血). The goal of this study is to review the effects of herbal medicines on angiogenesis that is involved in wound healing and enhancement of blood supply. Methods : We conducted a systematic and comprehensive literature search for the identification, retrieval, and bibliographic management of independent studies to locate information on the topic. A computerized search of the published literature of Korea(KISS, RISS), China(CNKI), Japan(Kampo medicine, etc), and western countries(MEDLINE) was performed, and further supplemented with manual searches of print sources(1999 to 2003). Results : The herbal medicines with angiogenic activity were mainly found among herbs that carry replenish Shin-Cheng(補腎益精), foster Eum and improve the circulation of blood(養陰活血), or warm and circulate Kyung-Rark(溫經通絡). In particular, herbs with improve the circulation of blood and clear blood(活血化瘀) activity contain a significant amount of tannin, saponin, and pyrazine. Conclusion : Replenish Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and circulate Kyung-Rark(通經絡) could contribute to the induction of angiogenesis because various growth factors and proliferation, differentiation, and migration of vascular endothelial cells are involved in angiogenic activity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2005

The challenging task of classifying the fibro-osseous(FO) lesions has been previously attempted but only in the past 15 years has the entire spectrum of diversity been appreciated. For the clinicians, it is hard to clearly diagnose the lesions before operations. The purpose of this study was to review the literature about fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws and to analyse our clinical cases. As the results of the review of clinical features, radiography and histopathologic findings of sixteen cases of fibro-osseous lesions, we could elucidate diagnostic aids for treatment of benign FO lesion in jaws. Six patients involving fibrous dysplasia complained the facial swelling and facial asymmetry. The radiographic features of the lesions showed ground-glass radiopacity mostly and the histologic findings showed typically Chinese character-shaped trabeculae without osteoblastic rimming in the fibrous stroma. Six patients with ossifying fibroma were notified as swollen buccal cheek state. Their radiographic findings showed cortical expanded radiolucent lesion with sclerotic defined border, which was contrast to the normal adjacent bone. The lesions showed variant radiolucent lesions. Histological findings were revealed as cellular fibrous stroma with woven bones, variable patterns of calcifications. Three patients with cemental dysplasia didn't have specific complaints. Well circumscribed radiopaque lesions on mandibular molar area were observed. Cementum-like ossicles with fibrous stroma were found on microscopic findings. A osteoblastoma case with jaw pain was found. The radiographic feature was a mottled, dense radiopacity with osteolytic border on mandibular molar area. Under microscopy trabecule of osteoid with vascular network were predominantly found. Numerous osteoblast cells with woven bone were found. These clinical, radiographic and microscopic findings of benign fibrous-osseous lesions would suggest diagnostic criteria for each entity of FO lesions.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2006

The blood-neural barrier (BNB), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB), is an endothelial barrier constructed by an extensive network of endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons to form functional 'neurovascular units', which has an important role in maintaining a precisely regulated microenvironment for reliable neuronal activity. Although failure of the BNB may be a precipitating event or a consequence, the breakdown of BNB is closely related with the development and progression of CNS diseases. Therefore, BNB is most essential in the regulation of microenvironment of the CNS. The BNB is a selective diffusion barrier characterized by tight junctions between endothelial cells, lack of fenestrations, and specific BNB transporters. The BNB have been shown to be astrocyte dependent, for it is formed by the CNS capillary endothelial cells, surrounded by astrocytic end-foot processes. Given the anatomical associations with endothelial cells, it could be supposed that astrocytes play a role in the development, maintenance, and breakdown of the BNB. Therefore, astrocytes-endothelial cells interaction influences the BNB in both physiological and pathological conditions. If we better understand mutual interactions between astrocytes and endothelial cells, in the near future, we could provide a critical solution to the BNB problems and create new opportunities for future success of treating CNS diseases. Here, we focused astrocyte-endothelial cell interaction in the formation and function of the BNB.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2003

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by a marked proliferation of keratinocytes, vascular dilation and leukocyte infiltration. Cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. An overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines was characterized in psoriasis plaque. Among these cytokines, IL-$1{\beta}$ is major pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesized during the infection and inflammatory process. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) competes for the same IL-1 receptor for $IL-1{\alpha}$ and $-1{\beta}$, which prevents activation of the target cells. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-$1{\beta}$ gene have been reported at position -31, -511 and +3954. Within the IL-1Ra gene (IL-1RN), there is a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of an 86 bp length in intron 2. These polymorphisms related to cytokine production and associated with various diseases. Methods: We investigated the polymorphisms of IL-1B (promoter -511 and +3954) and IL-1RN on 114 psoriasis patients and 311 healthy normal controls in Korean. We performed PCR-RFLP on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1B (promoter -511 and +3954) and fragment analysis on IL-1RN 86 bp VNTR polymorphism. Results: The frequency of IL-1B $-511^*1$ allele (patients vs. controls; 50.0% vs. 42.3%, RR=1.4) was significantly increased and IL-1B $-511^*2$ allele (patients vs. controls; 50.0% vs. 57.7%, RR=0.7) decreased in psoriasis patients compared to normal controls. We also analyzed the IL-1B -511 polymorphism according to patients' characters (age of onset, sex and family history). The IL-1B -511 alleles were significantly associated in patients with male and family history than health normal controls. There were no significant associations of IL-1B +3954 and IL-1RN polymorphisms with psoriasis patients. Conclusion: These results suggest that the polymorphism of IL-1B -511 could be genetic susceptibility to psoriasis in Koreans.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from periodontium and have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics. Recently, the perivascular region was recognized as the developmental origin of MSCs, which suggests the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. In this study, we investigated whether PDLSCs could be a potential source of perivascular cells, which could contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. PDLSCs exhibited typical MSC-like characteristics such as the expression pattern of surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105) and differentiation potentials (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation). Moreover, PDLSCs expressed perivascular cell markers such as NG2, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor ${\beta}$, and CD146. We conducted an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to confirm the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. We could not observe significant vessel-like structures with PDLSCs alone or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alone at day 7 after injection. However, when PDLSCs and HUVECs were co-injected, there were vessel-like structures containing red blood cells in the lumens, which suggested that anastomosis occurred between newly formed vessels and host circulatory system. To block the $SDF-1{\alpha}$ and CXCR4 axis between PDLSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into the Matrigel plug. After day 3 and day 7 after injection, there were no significant vessel-like structures. In conclusion, we demonstrated the perivascular characteristics of PDLSCs and their contribution to in vivo angiogenesis, which might imply potential application of PDLSCs into the neovascularization of tissue engineering and vascular diseases.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2017

Moyamoya disease is characterized by progressive bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries(ICA) and their main branches, and formation of a fine vascular network (moyamoya vessels) at the base of brain. Mild intellectual or motor impairment, or both can be seen in moyamoya disease patient. Patients having intellectual disability usually have malocclusions associated with oral habits such as tongue thrusting, bruxism, or clenching. A patient with moyamoya disease and cerebral palsy visited Chonbuk National University hospital for dental examination. She showed mild openbite on anterior teeth, and had oral habits such as mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, and drooling. She was treated with myofunctional therapy(MFT) whose purpose was to strengthen orofacial muscles. Lip closing force and bite force were recorded to evaluate the muscle tone. Tongue crib was delivered to restrict tongue thrusting habit, since her compliance to the MFT was decreased after 6 months of treatment. With the MFT and tongue crib, the openbite was fairly improved. When myofunctional therapy has difficulty in obtaining good compliances, the treatment should not be effective enough. Although intellectually disabled patients are not compliant enough, thus a habit breaking device should be needed to treat the openbite caused by oral habits, dentist should make an effort to do MFT, since it could reduce a treatment period, and enhance the stability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4437-4446
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to development and evaluate the effects of cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention program for taxi drivers on physiological variables(blood pressure, blood sugar, serum lipids) and physical variables(body fat, muscle endurance, cardiopulmonary endurance, balance). This study consisted of two phases: developing the program and evaluating its effectiveness. 1 phase, 321 taxi drivers investigated a health condition and a life habit and an educational need and developed a program with the ground which will reach. 2 phases, The effectiveness of the program was tested in October 2011, with 51 taxi driver. The experimental group was given 12 weeks period exercise 1 weeks 3 time, disease education 4 time, 2 nutrition consultations. Although there was no significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugar, serum lipids, there were statistically significant increases in muscle endurance (t=-7.62 p<.001), cardiopulmonary endurance (t=-3.39, p<.001), balance(t=-4.13, p<.001) and decreased body fat (t= -3.11, p<.015) in before compared to after. These findings suggest that an integrated cardiocerebro-vascular disease prevention program improves physical fitness.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology characterized by progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. The clinical presentations of MMD include transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment. MMD is the most important cause of stroke or TIA in children in East Asian countries. A 5-year-3-month old boy with MMD experienced cerebral infarctions five times. Cerebrovascular anastomosis surgery was performed on him four years ago. He had dysphagia, developmental delay, hemiplegia, and strabismus. Besides, a number of dental caries in primary dentition were identified during clinical oral examination. Dental treatment under general anesthesia using sevoflurane was performed due to his lack of cooperation and underlying systemic disease. MMD is associated with various medical diseases requiring thoughtful consideration during dental treatment. Crying and hyperventilation in MMD patients may cause hypocapnia and have a cerebral vasoconstrictive effect. If dental treatment is required, control of pain and anxiety is very important. General anesthesia may be considered for dental treatment in uncooperative or very young patients with MMD.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2000

The nuclear maturation and developmental competence of immature, oocytes collected from donors at various morphology of corpus luteum (CL) and fertilized in vitro was investigated by comparing the meiotic activity and the yields of embryos. Ovaries were divided and classified into 4 groups as the following criteria : Group 1 ; ovaries showed evidence of recent ovulation (corpus hemorragicum). Group 2 ; apex of CL was red or brown. Vasculization was limited to periphery of CL. Group 3 ; apex of CL was orange or tan. Vasculization was covered over apex of CL. Group 4 ; CL was light yellow to white and firm in texture and the vascular network on the surface of CL had disappeared. Modified TCM 199 was used for maturation in vitro of immature oocytes and development was induced by using TLP-PVA as a basic medium. When oocytes collected from each group of donors had been matured for 4, 14, and 24 hours in vitro, the proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase I and metaphase II were not different among oocytes from 4 group of ovaries. Mature metaphase II stage of oocytes in each group was first observed at 14 hours, whereas completion of maturation of. oocytes in each group was at 24 hours. Luteal morphology of ovaries had little effect on the proportion of embryos reached 2 cells and 8 cell stage. However, the proportion of embryos cleaved to morula and blastocyst stage was significantly higher in the oocytes obtained from group 1 and 3 than in the oocytes from group 2 and 4 (p＜0.05). This data suggest that reproductive status of the donor significantly influence the yield of in vitro embryos.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.24-41
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to update the previously published nursing practice guideline for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: The guideline was updated according to the manuals developed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), and a Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Developer Version 10. Results: The updated nursing practice guideline for prevention of VTE was consisted of 16 domains, 46 subdomains, and 216 recommendations. The recommendations in each domain were: 4 general issues, 8 assessment of risk and bleeding factors, 5 interventions for prevention of VTE, 18 mechanical interventions, 36 pharmacological interventions, 36 VTE prevention starategies for medical patients, 25 for cancer patients, 13 for pregnancy, 8 for surgical patients, 7 for thoractic and cardiac surgery, 16 for orthopedic surgery, 10 for cranial and spinal surgery, 5 for vascular surgery, 13 for other surgery, 3 educations and information, and 2 documentation and report. For these recommendations, the level of evidence was 32.1% for level I, 51.8% for level II, and 16.1% for level III according to the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA) rating system. A total of 112 new recommendations were developed and 49 previous recommendations were deleted. Conclusion: The updated nursing practice guideline for prevention of VTE is expected to serve as an evidence-based practice guideline for prevention of VTE in South Korea. It is recommended that this guideline will disseminate to clinical nursing settings nationwide to improve the effectiveness of prevention of VTE practice.