• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2023

Objectives: Terminalia chebula, the main ingredient of Altan Arur 5, has been used for many years in traditional medicine. This medicine is more effective than other drugs and is used to treat chronic gastritis and gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcers and esophageal reflux. Other ingredients of Altan Arur 5 are Punica granatum (pomegranate), tulip seeds, black balm, and excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes. The main ingredients of T. chebula are antibacterial and analgesic in traditional medicine. Despite having been used for many years and although many studies have been conducted on the beneficial effects of this medicine and its ingredients, the toxicity of Altan Arur 5 has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to study the toxicity of Altan Arur 5 to ensure that it is safe to use. Methods: Acute and chronic toxicity of Altan Arur 5 were assessed in 10 Kunming mice and 8 Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, in different doses. In the acute toxicity study, Altan Arur 5 was orally administered to Kunming mice in doses of 12 g/kg, 24 g/kg, and 48 g/kg for 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, it was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in doses of 1.25 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, and 5 g/kg for 12 weeks. Results: No significant differences were observed in the relative organ weights for mice treated with Altan Arur 5 compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, no macro- or microstructural changes were noted in the organs of any group. Conclusion: Our toxicity testing revealed that the traditional medicine Altan Arur 5 has no toxic effects in vivo.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2017

본 연구는 심혈관 질환을 공통적으로 동반하는 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군 관계에 대한 연구이다. 이들 질환이 상호 관련성이 있다는 가정 하에 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군간의 상호 관련성 여부를 확인하여 올바른 질환 관리를 위한 초석을 마련하고자 하였다. 자료는 국민건강 영양조사 자료중 2008년부터 2013년까지 6년간 자료를 통합한 53,829건에서, 폐기능 검사를 시행한 만 40세 이상으로 모든 혼란 변수를 통제한 정제된 자료 8,137명(남자, 3,951명, 여자 4,186명)의 자료를 사용하였다. 폐기능 장애는 GOLD(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)기준에 따라 폐쇄성, 제한성으로 구분하였고, 대사증후군은 개정된 NCEP-ATPIII(National Cholesterol Education Program-Expert Panel-Adult Treatment Panel III)기준을 사용하였다. 연관성 분석은 로지스틱 회귀분석을, 유병률은 교차 분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 연관성 분석에서 폐쇄성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보이지 않았으며 제한성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보였다. 유병률 분석에서는 폐쇄성 폐질환과 제한성 폐질환 모두 대조군보다 높은 대사증후군 유병률을 보였다. 그러나 제한성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률이 폐쇄성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률보다 더 높았다. 결론적으로 폐쇄성이 아니라 제한성 폐질환이 대사증후군과 유의한 연관성을 보였고 대사증후군 유병률도 더 높았다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.290-302
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• 2014

목적: 자화율 강조 자기공명영상 (Susceptibility-weighted imaging)은 혈액분해산물, 석회화, 철 침착물을 발견하는데 있어 높은 민감도를 보이는 3D spoiled gradient-echo pulse sequence 이다. 본 임상화보는 자화율 강조 자기공명영상의 주된 임상적 적용에 대해 설명하고 논의하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 대상과 방법: 자화율 강조 자기공명영상은 자기강도영상 (magnitude image)과 위상영상 (phase image)을 이용한 고해상도, 3D fully velocity-compensated gradient-echo sequence 에 기초를 두고 있다. 정맥 구조물의 가시성을 향상시키기 위해, 자기강도영상은 여과된 위상 데이터 (phase data) 로부터 발생된 위상 마스크 (phase mask)를 이용해 증폭되고, 이것은 최소강도투사 (Minimal intensive projection) 알고리즘을 이용한 3D dataset 후처리 과정을 거치게 된다. 3T 자기공명기기에서 SWI를 포함하는 자기공명영상 검사를 시행한 총 200명의 환자를 대상으로 연구하였다. 결과: 자화율 강조 자기공명영상은 다양한 뇌 질환의 발견에 매우 유용하였다. 200명의 환자 중 80명은 선천성 정맥 기형, 22명은 해면상 혈관종, 12명은 다양한 질환에서의 석회화, 21명은 혈관자화 징후 (susceptibility vessel sign) 또는 미세출혈을 동반하는 뇌혈관 질환, 52명은 뇌종양, 2명은 미만성 축삭 손상, 3명은 동정맥 기형, 5명은 뇌경막 동정맥루, 1명은 모야모야병, 그리고 2명은 파킨슨병이 관찰되었다. 결론: 자화율 강조 자기공명영상은 미세 저혈량 혈관성 병변, 석회화 그리고 미세출혈과 다양한 뇌병변의 진단에 유용하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

Hypertension is not only a well-established cardiovascular risk factor but also increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Most studies conducted to investigate the effectiveness of treatment for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension have focused primarily on conventional drug and physiotherapeutic treatments. BanhabackchulChunma-tang(半夏白朮天麻湯:BCT) is popular herbal medicine used in clinic for the treatment of various symptoms of drulatory disorders and weakness of digestive system, including anorexa and nausea with vertigo, severe headache, vomiting and so on. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy are unknown. This study investigated the effects of BCT as an alternative medication on the contraction induced by phenylephrine and KCI in rat thoratic aorta. BCT revealed siginificant relaxation on phenylephrine-induced arterial contraction, but revealed noncompetitive effect on concentration responses of phenylephrine-induced contraction. Treatment of N-L/sup ω/ -argine methyl ester(L-NAME) and methylene blue(MB)(10/sup -5/M) reduced the relaxation of BCT. BCT also increased in vitro NO production. It suggest that the relaxation effect of BBT is related with NO pathway, becausse the effect of L-NAME and MB are due to inhibition of NO synthesis from endothelial cells. These results indicate that BCT would be effective in hypertension treatment and its mechanism of relaxtion on arterial contraction is likely to be related with NO production, blocking of α-receptor and signal transduction after receptor activation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2009

The incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism increases with age. The risk factors of pulmonary thromboembolism include surgery, malignancy, obesity, lupus anticoagulants, and vascular conditions such as deep vein thrombosis. Thromboembolism in younger patients or in unusual locations, the possibility of primary thrombophilic conditions should be considered. Primary thrombophilic states include myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). JAK2 V617F mutation is found commonly in patients diagnosed with MPD, in 90~95% of polycythemia vera (PV) and in 50~60% of essential thrombocytosis (ET) patients. Sometimes the JAK2 V617F mutation is found in cases without MPD. The relationship between JAK2 V617F mutation and thrombosis has not been defined. Recently, clinical evidence suggests that this mutation may be variably associated with thrombosis. We present one case of pulmonary thromboembolism in a young patient, who was positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation and did not have MPD.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a new emerging disease affecting nursery and growing pigs in worldwide. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is a most important pathogen associated with PMWS. This study was carried out to investigate the pathological changes in the pancreas of pigs diagnosed as PMWS. To detect the PCV-2 antigen and nucleic acid in the tissue, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted, respectively. 24 pigs of 4-10 weeks old showed clinical signs of PMWS such as chronic wasting, respiratory distress and diarrhea were examined. Histopathologically, interstitial and periductular mononuclear cells infiltration were observed in pancreas. Multifocal to diffuse necrosis of acinar tissues or necrotizing to granulomatous pancreastitis with numerous syncytial cells infiltration were examined in severe cases. PCV-2 nucleic acid was detected from all tested pancreas using PCR. The PCV-2 antigen in 12 pancreas sections was detected by immunohistochemical staining. PCV-2 has a tropism for vascular endothelial cells and infiltrated macrophages. Although gross lesions are uncommon in the pancreas of pigs with PMWS, histopathological changes and the presence of PCV-2 in this tissue may be related to clinical signs associated with digestive disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 2000

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a combination of signs and symptoms caused by the compression of the vital neurovascular structure at the thoracic outlet region. It may stem from a number of abnormalities, including degenerative or bony disorders, trauma to cervical spine, fibromuscular bands, vascular abnormalities and spasm of the anterior scalene muscle. CPT (current perception threshold) is defined as the minimum amount of current applied transcutaneously that an individual consciously perceives. It enables quantification of the hyperesthesia that precedes progressive nerve impairment, as well as hypoesthetic conditions. We experienced a case of thoracic outlet syndrome caused by fibrosis of anterior scalene muscle. The patient was a 30 years old woman with a 3 years history of numbness on the ulnar side, progressive weakness and coldness of both hand, tiredness in the left arm, nocturnal pain in the left forearm, and pain in the left elbow, shoulder and neck. Conservative treatment, stellate ganglion block, cervical epidural block, anterior scalene block and previous operation, including both carpal tunnel release, provided no remarkable relief to the patient. A left scalenectomy and first rib resection were performed by transaxillary approach and left cervical root neurolysis was done. After surgery, we measured CPT using neurometer and found conditions worsening in the opposite arm. We performed the same procedure on right side, and followed by CPT measurement. This case suggests that CPT is a useful measurement of recovery and progression of TOS.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2006

We were to assess clinical effectiveness, safety and usefulness of Kyejibokryung-hwan (KBH), which has been used for Er-hyul similar with vascular or neurologic disorders causing sensory or motor abnormalities. This study is a retrospective single case series. Two hundred ninety five patients were treated with KBH for various neuropathies in our hospital. Of them, 120 cases were excluded because of insufficient medical records or failure to follow up; the remaining 175 were included in the analysis. There were 18 patients with sensory abnormalities and 28 with motor abnormalities after stroke. Of peripheral type, there were 14 with diabetic neuropathy, 12 with carpal tunnel syndrome, 41 with spinal radiculopathies, and 62 with idiopathic neuropathies, for which the effectiveness was assessed as 55.6%, 21.4%, 64.3%, 83.3%, 45.0%, and 56.5%, respectively. Adverse effects including indigestion or diarrhea were seen in 3.4% of the total patients. Taking the effectiveness and the safety together into consideration, the usefulness was assessed as 55.6%, 21.4%, 64.3%, 83.3%, 45.0%, and 54.8% for treating post-stroke sensory and motor abnormalities, diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal radiculopathies, and idiopathic neuropathies, respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that KBH is a useful herbal medicine for various neuropathies, especially of sensory type.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

저자들은 출생 시부터 전신에 분포하는 밀크 커피색 반점이 있고, 액와부에 작은 주근깨를 보이며 정신 지체와 발달 지연등 제1형 신경섬유종증의 소견을 보이는 환아에서 급성 신경학적 쇠약 증세가 있어 시행한 뇌자기공명영상 촬영과 뇌동맥조영 촬영상 모야모야병의 소견이 동반된 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Invasive blood pressure (IBP) is measured for the patient's real time arterial pressure (ABP) to monitor the critical abrupt disorders of the cardiovascular system. It can be used for the estimation of cardiac output and the opening and closing time detection of the aortic valve. Although the unexplained inflections on ABP make it difficult to find the mathematical relations with other cardiovascular parameters, the estimations based on ABP for other data have been accepted as useful methods as they had been verified with the statistical results among vast patient data. Previous windkessel models were composed with systemic resistance and vascular compliance and they were successful at explaining the average systolic and diastolic values of ABP simply. Although it is well-known that the blood pressure reflection from peripheral arteries causes complex inflection on ABP, previous models do not contain any elements of the reflections because of the complexity of peripheral arteries' shapes. In this study, to simulate a reflection wave of blood pressure, a new mathematical model was designed with four elements that were the impedance of aorta, the compliance of aortic arch, the peripheral resistance, and the compliance of peripheral arteries. The parameters of the new model were adjusted to have three types of arterial blood pressure waveform that were measured from a patient. It was used to find the relations between the inflections and other cardiovascular parameters such as the opening-closing time of aortic valve and the cardiac output. It showed that the blood pressure reflection can bring wide range errors to the closing time of aortic valve and cardiac output with the conventional estimation based on ABP and that the changes of one-stroke volumes can be easily detected with previous estimation while the changes of heart rate can bring some error caused by unexpected reflections.