• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2007

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Geommasan of Gyeongbuk (1,017m, $36^{\circ}\;42^{'}\;30.0^{"}{\sim}36^{\circ}\;45^{'}\; 30.1^{"}N,\;129^{\circ}\;12^{'}\;30.0^{"}{\sim}129^{\circ}\;18^{'}\; 00.0^{"}E$). The vascular plants collected 11 times (from April 2004 to October 2006) were consisted of total 513 taxa; 91 families, 318 genera, 424 species, 3 subspecies, 73 varieties and 13 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and unknown of usefulness plants were 243 taxa, 307 taxa, 122 taxa, 85 taxa, 77 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 11 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 4 taxa, The naturalized plants were 21 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 4.1%, and Urban index 7.5%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.131-147
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• 2005

This study was carried out to clarify the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Irwolsan of Gyeongbuk $(1218.5m,\;36^{\circ}\;45'\;00'\~36^{\circ}\;50'\;10'\;N,129^{\circ}\;02'\;50'\~129^{\circ}\;09'\;00'E)$. The vascular plants collected 16 times (from May, 2002, to May, 2003) were consisted of total 740 taxa; 105 families, 381 genera, 618 species, 6 subspecies, 104 varieties and 12 forms. Among them, edible, medicinal, industrial, ornamental and unknown of usefulness plants were 315 taxa, 428 taxa, 100 taxa, 84 taxa, 201 taxa, respectively. Korean endemic plants of this area were 22 taxa, and Law-protected plants by Ministry of Environment were 6 taxa. The naturalized plants were 27 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was $3.6\%$, and Urban index $9.7\%$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.41-61
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was carried out to present the basic data for constructing a ecological stream, Shindangcheon stream located in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. From August 2017 to June 2019, a total of 7 surveys were conducted. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 388 taxa including 75 families, 246 genera, 360 species, 4 subspecies, 19 varieties, 2 forms and 3 hybrids. The most families of taxa were Poaceae (59 taxa), Asteraceae (47 taxa), Fabaceae (27 taxa), Rosaceae and Cyperaceae (20 taxa, respectively), and Polygonaceae and Brassicaceae (15 taxa, respectively). The rare plant was Aristolochia contorta Bunge, and the Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa, such as Populus × tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Lespedeza maritima Nakai, and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region found in this site were 13 taxa comprising 8 taxa of grade I, 4 taxa of grade III, and 1 taxon of grade IV. The naturalized plants were 73 taxa, such as Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach., Potentilla supina L. var. ternata Pterm., and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa, such as Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Lactuca serriola L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom..

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

This study was analyzed and investigated to evaluate ecological distribution of medicinal plants in Miho Stream of Korea. Totality 463 taxa of vascular plants were appeared in lower part of Miho Stream. Medicinal plants were distributed 253 taxa, which were 54.6% of the total vascular plants appeared. Medicinal plants of official drug compendium(Korean pharmacopoeia) were 85 taxa. Medicinal plants were distributed most of the forest area, and followed field surrounding, stream surrounding and paddy surrounding respectively. The distribution of life form hemicryptophyte was the most frequent. Plant community of appearing area of medicinal plants was classified into Salix koreensis, Phragmites japonica, Echinochloa crusgalli, Artemisia selengensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Setaria faberii, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Bidens frondosa, Humulus japonicus, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Erigeron acris, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Robinia pseudoacacia and Castanea crenata community. Medicinal plants in plant communities that occur frequently were Humulus japonicus, Corylus heterophylla and Liriope spicata.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1991.05a
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• pp.62-63
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• 1991

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 1993

To elucidate the origin of secondary growth in the rhizome of B. ternaturn, the developmental changes of vascular cambium was observed in ultrastructural features. The vascular cambium was gradually differentiated from procambium as in seed plants, but the cambial activity did not persist very long so that the cambial cells became a dormant state like fossil cryptogams. Dense cytoplasm of procambial cells became progressively sparse during the growth, and the tiny vesicles were fused to form numerous small vacuoles and then a few large vacuoles. These gradual changes and the occurrence of storage materials which was associated with the developmental stages might support the progressive differentiation of the cambial cells. In addition, the cessation of cambial activity could be indicated by the facts that late vascular cambial cells accumulate large lipid bodies and show very small peripheral cytoplasm and unlikely thickened cell wall, compared to other meristematic cells. Therefore. the vascular cambium showed the characteristics of both seed plants and fossil cryptogams from the view point of cambial ontogeny and activity.tivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2010

The vascular plants in the Haksan, Jeonju were listed 394 taxa; 94 families, 260 genera, 339 species, 1 subspecies, 46 varieties and 8 forms. Divided into woody plants were 111 taxa (28.2%) and herbaceous plants were 283 taxa (71.8%). Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service; Viola albida (Preservation priority order : No. 202), Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded; Lespedeza maximowiczii for. tomentella, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Specific plant species by floral region were total 19 taxa (4.8% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants); Wistaria floribunda (Planted species) in class IV, Acer palmatum (Planted species) and Melothrua japonica in class III, Nymphoides indica in class II, 15 taxa (Botrychium virginianum, Hosta capitata, Salix glandulosa, Quercus variabilis, Rhynchosia acuminatifolia, Ilex macropoda, Impatiens nolitangere, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami and Lonicera praeflorens, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 14 families, 30 genera, 32 taxa (Bromus rigidus, Rumex obtusifolius, Chenopodium ficifloium, Amaranthus lividus, Phytolacca americana, Lepidium apetalum, Amorpha fruticosa, Geranium carolinianum, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera biennis, Ipomoea purpurea, Veronica persica, Bidens frondosa, etc.) and naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 394 taxa of vascular plants. The ecosystem disturbing wild plants, Rumex acetocella, Aster pilosus and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia having manage to designation with Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2021

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ranges associated with increasing temperatures, resulting in a change of species composition and community structure in the forest ecosystems. The Baekdudaegan mountain range connects most forests from the lowland to the subalpine zone in South Korea and is therefore recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots. This study was conducted to understand the distribution range of vascular plants along elevational gradients through field surveys in the six national parks of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. We identified the upper and lower distribution limits of a total of 873 taxa of vascular plants with 117 families, 418 genera, 793 species, 14 subspecies, 62 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids. A total of 12 conifers were recorded along the elevational gradient. The distribution ranges of Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus pumila, and Thuja koraiensis were limited to over 1000 m above sea level. We also identified 21 broad-leaved trees in the subalpine zone. A total of 45 Korean endemic plant species were observed, and of these, 15 taxa (including Aconitum chiisanense and Hanabusaya asiatica) showed a narrow distribution range in the subalpine zone. Our study provides valuable information on the current elevational distribution ranges of vascular plants in the six national parks of South Korea, which could serve as a baseline for vertical shifts under future climate change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.467-478
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• 2016

This study was carried out to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness of Mt. Janggunbong (1,136 m) in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeoungsangbuk-do. The vascular plants, collected 15 times from 2006 to 2015, consisted a total of 462 taxa; 82 families, 279 genera, 397 species, 2 subspecies, 55 varieties, 8 forms. 10 taxa of the Korean endemic plants were recorded and 1 taxon of Critically Endangered Species (CR), 5 taxa of Vulnerable Species (VU) and 7 taxa of Least Concerned Species (LC), categorized by the Korean Forest Service as rare plants, were investigated in this region. Furthermore, Ⅳ, Ⅲ degrees of floristic regional indicator plants, designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment, were included 8 taxa and 14 taxa, respectively. Based on the usefulness, edible, pasturing, medicinal, ornamental, timber, stain, industrial, fiber and unknown usefulness plants included 352 taxa, 107 taxa, 71 taxa, 18 taxa, 8 taxa, 5 taxa, 3 taxa, 2 taxa and 111 taxa, respectively. In addition, 28 taxa of naturalized plants were observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.293-308
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants in the construction site of the National DMZ Native Botanic Garden. The period of survey was from May 2012 to November 2013. Vascular plants based on voucher specimen were summarized as 313 taxa including 79 families, 211 genera, 272 species, 4 subspecies, 32 varieties, 4 forms and 1 hybrids. The rare plant species designated by Korea Forest Service were 8 taxa including Galium boreale L., Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim., Eranthis stellata Maxim. and Lloydia triflora (Ledeb.) Baker, etc. Endemic plant species were 4 taxa including Salix koriyanagi Kimura, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. and Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai. Furthermore, 51 taxa were listed as specific plant species based on phytogeographical in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were recorded as 11 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 3.51%, and 3.43%, respectively.