• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.745-752
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to test the behavioral intent-based model of the foodservice related complaint handling. Accordingly, this study examined the effects of complaint handling on the university students' behaviort based on the word-of-mouth intent and repurchase intent. The findings from this study were as follows. KMO and Bartlett's test statistics showed the data fit factor analysis. The factor loadings, eigenvalues, ％ of variance, and communalities showed that the convergent validity was supported, the average variance extracted estimates and shared variance showed that the discriminant validity is supported, and composite alpha showed that the internal consistency was supported. It was found that some of main effects on the word-of-mouth intent and the repurchase intent were significant. It was found that some of interactional effects of the complaint type, the degree of correction effort, and the satisfaction with the complaint handling were significant. Overall, the results provide some insights into the types of foodservice related complaint handling strategies or the tactics that can be effectively employed by operators who manage complaint handling for customers dining at fast food restaurants.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.647-656
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• 2006

A purpose of this research was to analyze an effect of discount stores image on brand equity of fashion brand. One hundred ninety-four women living in Seoul and its suburb were surveyed for this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multiple regression, and ANOVA were used for this study. As the results, first, discount stores image was classified into five factors such as convenience, service, store atmosphere, familarity, and easy use. Second, brand equity was divided into three factors such as brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand recognition. Generally, discount stores images were correlated with brand equity factor. Third, results revealed that service, easy use, convenience, and familarity were 32% of the explained variance in brand loyalty. Also, store atmosphere convenience, service, and easy use were 26% of the explained variance in perceived quality. Results revealed Store Atmosphere and easy use, and familarity were 21% of the explained variance in brand recognition. Based on these results, discount stores in private brand marketing strategies would be suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 1983

After every decennial census in the U.S., national surveys such as the Consumer Expenditures surveys are redesigned. The redesigned samples will be multi-stage systematic samples. Many sampling schemes have been proposed for comparison which requires the estimation and variance estiamtion formula. This paper deals with the surveys redesign research which concerns the sample design within the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU). In constructing the estimators it deals with the problem of which first stage inflation factor to use. The expected value of the proposed estimators is also derived.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.253-262
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was carried out to identify factors influencing osteoporosis in women at pre- and post-menopausal state. Methods: The subjects of this study were 52 pre-menopausal and 125 post-menopausal women who were assessed of bone density in one general hospital. The data were collected through review of clinical records and telephone interviews using a questionnaire. Results: In the pre-menopausal women, the factors influencing osteoporosis were regular exercise (protective factor) and age (risk factor). Regression analysis showed that the factors attributable to osteoporosis included educational level, weight, age and number of pregnancy, accounted for 41.89% of the total variance. In the post-menopausal women. the factors influencing osteoporosis were age (risk factor), low educational level (risk factor), low economical state (risk factor), high parity (risk factor), and intake of coffee (protective factor). Regression analysis also showed that factors attributable to their osteoporosis included age, educational level, number of delivery, intake of the coffee, regular exercise, number of pregnancy and duration of oral pill intake, accounted for 37.41 % of the total variance. Conclusion: In pre-menopausal women, regular exercise was one of the most powerful determinant of their bone mass. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in a regular exercise program to maintain peak bone mass density prior to the onset of menopause. In post-menopausal women, increased age was the most influencing factor of their bone mass. Therefore, it is essential to establish early diagnosis and management of osteoporosis after menopause.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1988

The results obtained by survey on 599 respondents of different age groups for preference of 84 prepared foods were subjected to statistical principal component analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, scheffe verification, and discriminant analysis so as to find a structure of preference for foods. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the factor analysis indicate that 84 prepared food items may be classified into 3 groups and that by knowing an indvidual's preference to one prepared food, one can presume his preference to the others in the same group without carrying out actual test. 2. The results from an analysis of variance showed that most of primary school children extremely liked snacks, seniors liked Korean cooking, primary school children and collegians had weaknesses for western cookings while kindergarden children and adults over 50 years old disliked them.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.583-591
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• 2014

In wireless communications, knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio is required in diverse communication applications. In this paper, we derive the variance of the maximum likelihood estimator in the data-aided and non-data-aided schemes for determining the optimal shrinkage factor. The shrinkage factor is usually the constant that is multiplied by the unbiased estimate and it increases the bias slightly while considerably decreasing the variance so that the overall mean squared error decreases. The closed-form biased estimators for binary-phase-shift-keying and quadrature phase-shift-keying systems are then obtained. Simulation results show that the mean squared error of the proposed method is lower than that of the maximum likelihood method for low and moderate signal-to-noise ratio conditions.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1998

This paper considers two modes of partially accelerated life tests for items having Weibull lifetime distributions. In a use-to-acclerated mode each item is first run at use condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at accelerated condition until a predetermined censoring time. In an accelerated-to-use mode each one is first run at accelerated condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at use condition. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the lifetime distribution at use condition, and the 'acceleration factor' are obtained. The stress change time for each mode is determined to minimize the asymptotic variance of the acceleration factor, and the two modes are compared. For selected values of the design parameters the optimum plans are obtained, and the effects of the incorrect pre-estimates of the design parameters are investigated. Minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the estimators of the model parameters is also considered as an optimality criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-288
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• 2003

In this paper, when the variance of the normal distribution is related to the mean, we develop noninformative priors such as matching priors and reference priors. We prove that the second order matching prior matches alternative coverage probabilities up to the same order and also it is a HPD matching prior. It turns out that one-at-a-time reference prior satisfies a second order matching criterion. Then using these noninformative priors, we develop a Bayesian test procedure for the equality of the means and variances of two independent normal distributions using fractional Bayes factor. Some simulation study is performed, and a real data example is also provided.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey satisfaction with physical therapy. Methods: After the physical therapy consultation, patients filled in a Korean-language version of the 20-tiem version of the MedRisk Instrument developed for measuring Patient Satisfaction with physical therapy. Items are scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The last two items are general satisfaction and future return to the clinic. Age and gender information was also collected anonymously. Exploratory factor analysis based on principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the first 18 items of the MedRisk Instrument using SPSS v.20. Results: Four factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than 1, and these cumulatively explained 55% of the total variance in item scores. The factors were labelled: Internal, External Positives, External Negatives, and Clinic Presentation. Correlations of the factor scores with the two global items ranged from 0.29 to 0.70 (both p<0.001). Gender differences were only found on the last factor, with male Korean patients rating Clinic Presentation significantly higher than females (p=0.001). Conclusion: Using factor analysis, the proposed factor structure was revealed using the positive and negative components of the external aspects of the physical therapy and by identifying a clinic presentation which contributes to patients' satisfaction. The largest proportion of the variance in Patient Satisfaction was related to clinicians' attention and behaviour. The results of the analysis provide guidelines as to the dimensions of professional physical therapy care and the implications for service delivery and patient experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.1 s.33
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• pp.3-12
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• 1990

The purposes of this study were to determine the consumer dissatisfaction factors in the process of purchase and use of clothing, and to investigate the relationships between the dissatisfaction factors and selected variables-clothing importance, evaluative attributes, price, shopping stores. The research questionnaires selected from the pilot study were administered to 547 female subjects in the age of twenties. The dissatisfaction factors identified as a result of the factor analysis were as follows: (1) 'price' factor ($21.6\%$ of the total explained variance), (2) 'product assortment' factor ($21.5\%$), (3) 'purchase decision-making' factor ($19.9\%$), (4) 'quality' factor ($18.6\%$), (5) 'informa­tion and service' factor ($18.4\%$). By these five factors, the $34.7\%$ of the total variance were explained. The factors were validated by the multiple regression analysis. The purchase decision­making factor has the greatest explanatory power suggests that psychological aspects are more important to clothing dissatisfaction than any other objective aspects. The relationships between the dissatisfaction factors and the selected variables were found to be as follows: 1) The higher clothing importance scores, the higher product assortment related dissatisfac­tion score. 2) The higher the purchase price, the lower the price related dissatisfaction, but the higher the product assortment related dissatisfaction scores. 3) The department store and the national brand chain store shoppers had higher product assortment related dissatisfaction compared to the small retail store and discount store shoppers.