• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to quantify the combination values of the principal components and factors calculated using body measurements of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) and estimate their heritabilities. The technique of multivariate analysis was used to reduce a large number of variables to a smaller number of new variables and characterize cattle according to body shape. The analyses were performed using 1,979 cattle at 12 months of age and 936 cattle at 24 months of age. The data for the analyses was obtained from progeny tests performed on Korean Cattle for 6 years from 2003 to 2008. The phenotypic correlations among these traits were estimated to range from 0.32 to 0.90 at 12 months of age and from 0.21 to 0.82 at 24 months of age. The first principal components (PC1s) indicated a weighed average of overall body measurements, accounting for 99.91% of the total variation for both periods of test. The two first PCs had positive coefficients for all body measurements. The major sources of PC, such as chest girth (CG), body length (BL), rump height (RH), and wither height (WH) were similar for both test periods. The heritabilities for PC1, the first factor score (FS1), and the second factor score (FS2) were estimated by multivariate REML method. The estimated heritabilities for PC1, FS1, and FS2 were 0.33, 0.38, and 0.40, respectively, at 12 months of age and 0.26, 0.76, and 0.58 at 24 months of age. Further studies are needed to determine whether the heritabilities of FS1 and FS2 at 24 months of age were overestimated.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2011

In this study, we propose a novel, intuitive method of constructing an expression quantitative trait (eQT) network that is related to the metabolic syndrome using LOD scores and peak loci for selected eQTs, based on the concept of gene-gene interactions. We selected 49 eQTs that were related to insulin resistance. A variance component linkage analysis was performed to explore the expression loci of each of the eQTs. The linkage peak loci were investigated, and the "support zone" was defined within boundaries of an LOD score of 0.5 from the peak. If one gene was located within the "support zone" of the peak loci for the eQT of another gene, the relationship was considered as a potential "directed causal pathway" from the former to the latter gene. SNP markers under the linkage peaks or within the support zone were searched for in the database to identify the genes at the loci. Two groups of gene networks were formed separately around the genes IRS2 and UGCGL2. The findings indicated evidence of networks between genes that were related to the metabolic syndrome. The use of linkage analysis enabled the construction of directed causal networks. This methodology showed that characterizing and locating eQTs can provide an effective means of constructing a genetic network.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

This paper presents a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) method using the combination of color and texture features. As a color feature, a color autocorrelogram is chosen which is extracted from the hue and saturation components of a color image. As a texture feature, BDIP(block difference of inverse probabilities) and BVLC(block variation of local correlation coefficients) are chosen which are extracted from the value component. When the features are extracted, the color autocorrelogram and the BVLC are simplified in consideration of their calculation complexity. After the feature extraction, vector components of these features are efficiently quantized in consideration of their storage space. Experiments for Corel and VisTex DBs show that the proposed retrieval method yields 9.5% maximum precision gain over the method using only the color autucorrelogram and 4.0% over the BDIP-BVLC. Also, the proposed method yields 12.6%, 14.6%, and 27.9% maximum precision gains over the methods using wavelet moments, CSD, and color histogram, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.793-803
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• 2016

Purpose: Developmental care has been recognized as a very important component for the development and health promotion of preterm infants. However, research on how to assess developmental nursing competency has not been studied as expected. This study was done to develop and evaluate a new scale to measure nursing competency for developmental support of preterm infants. Methods: Concept analysis was done with using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), from which a preliminary new scale (30 items) was developed. To test the validity and reliability of the new scale being developed, data were collected from 122 NICU nurses at 4 hospitals in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea, from December, 2014 to March, 2015. Results: The final version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N) caring for premature infants was a 4-point Likert type scale, consisting of 19 items, and categorized as 6 factors, explaining 62.5% of the total variance. Each of the factors were named as follows; 'environmental support' (4 items), 'parental support' (3 items), 'interaction' (3 items), 'critical thinking' (3 items), 'professional development' (3 items), and 'partnership' (3 items). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the scale was .83 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60~.76. Conclusion: The psychometric evaluation of the new scale demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. Findings indicate that the DSCS-N can be used as the tool to test the effect of educational programs for nurses and contribute to advance developmental care for preterm infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to verify the reliability and validity of the Korean version of DMCI in Korean adolescents. Methods: A methodological study design was used with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability, and an exploratory factor analysis and contrasted groups approach for construct validity. DMCI was translated into Korean and tested with a sample of 406 adolescents in Korea. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, item correlation with total, principal component factor analysis, and t-test. Results: The translated content of the DMCI was validated by nursing faculty members and translation equivalency was obtained. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the DMCI simplified with 18 items was .78. The factor analysis revealed three factors explaining 41.5% of total variance and the corresponding factors were self-observation (21.6%), self-judgement (11.4%), and self-confidence (8.6%). The mean score for the DMCI in the aggression group was significantly lower than the non-aggression group. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the Korean version of DMCI can used as a reliable and valid measure to assess decision making competency in Korean adolescents.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.501-509
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• 2016

We propose a method to improve the robustness of speaker verification on short test utterances. The accuracy of the state-of-the-art i-vector/probabilistic linear discriminant analysis systems can be degraded when testing utterance durations are short. The proposed method compensates for utterance variations of short test feature vectors using deep neural networks. We design three different types of DNN (Deep Neural Network) structures which are trained with different target output vectors. Each DNN is trained to minimize the discrepancy between the feed-forwarded output of a given short utterance feature and its original long utterance feature. We use short 2-10 s condition of the NIST (National Institute of Standards Technology, U.S.) 2008 SRE (Speaker Recognition Evaluation) corpus to evaluate the method. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the minimum detection cost relative to the baseline system.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1662-1672
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• 2016

To address physicochemical factors of yellow clay for removing Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms, the correlation of removal efficiency with mineralogical characteristics of yellow clay collected from various areas was surveyed. Yellow clay from different localities showed the wide range of chemical compositions $SiO_2$ : 43~71%, $Al_2O_3$ : 13~26%, $Fe_2O_3$ : 5~14%, MgO : 0.4~1.8%, $K_2O$ : 0.6~3.3%, L.O.I.(Loss of Ignition) : 4.5~15%. The mineral compositions of yellow clay were mainly consisted of quartz and feldspar including small amounts of kaolinite, chlorite, and Fe-oxides. The result of size analysis showed that $6{\Phi}(31{\sim}16{\mu}m)$ and $7{\Phi}(16{\sim}8{\mu}m)$ were dominated sizes. The zeta-potential were in the range of -4.1~-20.7mV(average -13.7). As increasing removal efficiency of C. polykrikoides, contents of $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and L.O.I. in yellow clay increased, whereas $SiO_2$ content decreased. Furthermore, the amounts of silt mineral and small particle were high when the removal efficiency was high. According to factor analysis using principle component analysis, two components of factor 1 and factor 2 showed 79% of the total variance, which is related to cohesion and adsorption. Inducing cell lysis of C. polykrikoides by cohension and adsorption between C. polykrikoides and yellow clay.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.416-423
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• 2013

This study analyzed the reasons for continuing education among dietitians. An internet-based survey of 622 dieticians was conducted from August 31, 2012 to September 12, 2012. Based on data from the Participation Reasons Scale (PRS) questionnaire, factor analysis was conducted by principle component analysis for the extraction of major factors. Subsequent reliability analysis was performed by assessing Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The ANOVA-test was performed to compare the participation reason scores for each factors according to general characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver.17.0, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Factor analysis for the participation reasons revealed four types of factors. These factors were "maintenance and development of professional competencies", "interaction and responsibility of professionals", "job stability and personal profits" and "services for customers" respectively. Among the participation reasons, "maintenance and development of professional competencies" was the first reason with a 29.34% variance. In addition, the participation reasons for continuing education differed according to age (P<0.05), the highest level of education (P<0.05), workplace (P<0.01), and work experience in dietetic area (P<0.001). In conclusion, continuing education programs for dietitians should focus on effectively developing and promoting professionalism.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

Background: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) products, such as slices, have a similar appearance, but they have significantly different prices, leading to widespread adulteration in the commercial market. Their aroma characteristics are attracting increasing attention and are supposed to be effective and nondestructive markers to determine adulteration. Methods: The aroma characteristics of American and Asian ginseng were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and an electronic nose (E-nose). Their volatile organic compounds were separated, classified, compared, and analyzed with different pattern recognition. Results: The E-nose showed a good performance in grouping with a principle component analysis explaining 94.45% of variance. A total of 69 aroma components were identified by GC-MS, with 35.6% common components and 64.6% special ingredients between the two ginsengs. It was observed that the components and the number of terpenes and alcohols were markedly different, indicating possible reasons for their difference. The results of pattern recognition confirmed that the E-nose processing result is similar to that of GC-MS. The interrelation between aroma constituents and sensors indicated that special sensors were highly related to some terpenes and alcohols. Accordingly, the contents of selected constituents were accurately predicted by corresponding sensors with most $R^2$ reaching 90%. Conclusion: Combined with advanced chemometrics, the E-nose is capable of discriminating between American and Asian ginseng in both qualitative and quantitative angles, presenting an accurate, rapid, and nondestructive reference approach.