• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.13-26
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• 2003

This study was designed (1) to examine adolescents' body cathexis, ideal body image, clothing behavior, and clothing purchasing behavior, and (2) to identify gender and age differences. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square ($\chi^2$) analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Duncan-Test were employed to analyze the data collected from the convenience sample of 729 middle- and high-school students in Gyeongnam, Korea. Adolescents tended to be dissatisfied with their body, while female high school students' dissatisfactory degrees were higher The ideal body image was thinner than normal, and neither gender nor age differences were observed. Adolescents showed higher dependences compared to other clothing behaviors including conformity, fashion, popularity, brand, and exhibition, and gender and age differences were observed. Fit/comfort and clothing displayed in store were most important evaluative criterion and information search method. Adolescents tended to prefer shopping in department store with friends or parents in less than 3 hours. Gender and age differences were observed in those clothing purchasing behavior. Marketing strategies generated from the results of this study were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.779-781
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• 2013

As the demand for various multimedia service increases the technology that utilizes image as information transfer method develops rapidly. Though average filter, median filter and weight filter etc. have been proposed to remove various noises that are added to images, the existing methods are short of noise removal and edge reservation performance. Therefore, in this paper an algorithm, in which noise is decided at the first hand, and then it is processed through modified median filter and adaptive weighted average filter, is proposed to effectively remove the complex noise that has been added to an image. And it was compared with existing methods through simulation and PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio) has been used as a criterion.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.32-42
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• 2002

This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of "What my baby is like(WBL)" that was developed by Pridham et al. for measuring infant temperament. 37 subjects were participated four times-1, 3, 6, and 12months, and 146 cases were analyzed. The construct validity for the scale was tested by factor analysis with four factor loading solution based on the previous study. One item was excluded because total-item correlation was too low, so that the number of total items were eighteen. The analysis yielded four well defined factors: amenability and persistence, activity, reactivity, and adaptability. These four factors explained 57.62% of the variance in the infant temperament. The criterion related Validity was confirmed by the relationship between the infant temperament and HOME, and between the infant temperament maternal confidence in childrearing. The reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was .86, for 18 items, and Guttman split-half cofficient was .81. In subscale analysis, Cronbach's alpha was .56~.84. In conclusion, WBL showed a high degree of validity and reliability, suitable in Korean infants for measuring temperament. In the further study, it would be necessary to refine the concept of temperament and to analyze the correlation between WBL and other temperament inventory.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.2
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• pp.64-82
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• 1999

This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of Maternal Self-Report Inventory that was developed by Shea and Tronick for measuring maternal self-esteem. The subjects were 154 mothers. The construct validity for the scale was tested by factor analysis with five factor loading solution based on the previous study. One item was excluded because total-item correlation was too low, so that the number of total items were twenty-five, the analysis yielded five well defined factors: confidence on the maternal role, general ability of maternal role, caretaking ability, readiness on maternal role, and feeling on the pregnancy and deli very. These five factors explained 52.38% of the variance in the maternal self-esteem. Maternal self-esteem was not affected by maternal age, educational level, occupation, religion, delivery type, or parity. The reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient. Cronbach's alpha was .82, for 26 items, and .83 if one item was deleted. Guttman split-half cofficient was .75. In subscale analysis, Cronbach's alpha was .63~.84. In conclusion. Maternal Self-Report Inventory showed a high degree of validity and reliability, suitable in Korean mothers for measuring maternal self-esteem. In the further study, it would be necessary to compare the maternal self-esteem between mothers with normal babies and premature babies, for confirming the criterion-related validity of the inventory.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.335-342
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• 2015

Joint hierarchical generalized linear models proposed by Molas et al. (2013) extend the simple longitudinal model into multiple models fitted jointly. It can easily handle the correlation of multivariate longitudinal data. In this paper, we apply this method to analyze KoGES cohort dataset. Fixed unknown parameters, random effects and variance components are estimated based on a standard framework of h-likelihood theory. Furthermore, based on the conditional Akaike information criterion the correlated covariance structure of random-effect model is selected rather than an independent structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.390-390
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• 2019

Application of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the hydrological time series would be an innovative way to identify extreme rainfall events in a series. Even though the optimum number of hidden states can be identify based on maximizing the log-likelihood or minimizing Bayesian information criterion. However, occasionally value for the log-likelihood keep increasing with the state which gives false identification of the optimum hidden state. Therefore, this study attempts to identify optimum number of hidden states for Colombo station, Sri Lanka as fundamental approach to identify frequency and percentage of extreme rainfall events for the station. Colombo station consisted of daily rainfall values between 1961 and 2015. The representative station is located at the wet zone of Sri Lanka where the major rainfall season falls on May to September. Therefore, HMM was ran for the season of May to September between 1961 and 2015. Results showed more or less similar log-likelihood which could be identified as maximum for states between 4 to 7. Therefore, measure of central tendency (i.e. mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance and auto-correlation) for observed and simulated daily rainfall series was carried to each state to identify optimum state which could give statistically compatible results. Further, the method was applied for the second major rainfall season (i.e. October to February) for the same station as a comparison.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2019

Purpose: This study presents methodological research that aimed to verify the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), originally developed by Milner and then translated into Korean by Ahn. Methods: Data used in this study were collected from 209 mothers of infants, toddlers, and children of preschool age in D metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The Korean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (K-CAPI) was developed by condensing 44 of the original 77 CAPI items. Four factors of K-CAPI were extracted using principal component analysis. These 4 factors-distress; problems with child, self, family, and others; unhappiness; rigidity-accounted for 54.01% of variance. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .96, the Guttman split-half coefficient was .88, and test-retest reliability was r=.86 (p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study established the reliability and validity of the K-CAPI and found it to be an appropriate tool to evaluate mothers' potential to abuse their children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.643-654
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Korean Geriatric Loneliness Scale (KGLS). Methods: The initial items were based on in-depth interviews with 10 older adults. Psychometric testing was then conducted with 322 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or older. Content, construct, and criterion-related validity, classification in cutoff point, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were used for the analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, including 15 items explaining 91.6% of the total variance. The three distinct factors were loneliness associated with family relationships (34.3%), social loneliness (32.4%), and a lack of belonging (24.9%). As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, 14 items in the three-factor structure were validated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the KGLS' cutoff point of 32 was associated with a sensitivity of 71.0%, specificity of 80.2%, and area under the curve of .83. Reliability, as verified by the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient, was .89, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .90. Conclusion: As its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the KGLS can contribute to assessing loneliness in South Korean older adults.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.503-513
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (KESQ-NS). Methods: The participants were 138 nursing students who have experience in clinical practice. The Korean version of ESQ-NS (KESQ-NS) was examined using content validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and testing of internal consistency reliability. Data were collected from November to December of 2019 through an online-survey. Results: The KESQ-NS that was composed of 13 items was divided into three dimensions: Critical understanding of the patient, patient holistic care, patient privacy, and confidentiality. The instrument explained 67.9% of the total variance for ethical sensitivity. Cronbach's α was .88. Conclusion: The KESQ-NS showed good validity and reliability. This instrument can be used to evaluate ethical sensitivity in nursing students in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.340-358
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an instrument to showcase Dignity in Care of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 58 preliminary items on dignity in care of terminally ill patients for nurses were selected using content validity analysis and expert opinions on 97 candidate items derived through a literature review and qualitative focus group interviews. Questionnaires were administered to 502 nurses caring for terminally ill cancer patients at hospice and palliative care institutions. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity, reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The final instrument consisted of 25 items, with four factors identified through confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors-ethical values and moral attitudes, interaction-based communication, maintaining comfort, professional insight and competence-accounted for 61.8% of the total variance. Cronbach's α for total items was .96, and test-retest reliability of intraclass correlation coefficient was .90. Conclusion: Since its validity and reliability have been verified through various methods, the Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses can be used for develop nursing interventions and improve dignity in care of terminally ill patients.