• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.354-361
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• 2009

장면 전환 검출은 비디오 분할의 주요 기술로서 하드웨어에서 구현하기 위해서는 실시간 및 자동적 처리가 만족되어야 한다. 현재까지 PMP나 핸드폰 같은 낮은 하드웨어 성능의 단말기에서 실시간으로 적용 가능한 장면 전환 검출 기술은 거의 없다. 이와 같은 단말기들에서 장면 전환 검출의 실시간 적용을 위하여, 본 논문에서는 가변 참조 구간의 적응적 임계값 설정 방법을 이용한 장면 전환 검출 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 현재 프레임의 특징값과 가변 참조 구간의 평균 특징값을 비교하여 장면 전환 유무를 결정한다. 제안하는 방법은 프레임의 특징값에 독립적으로 사용할 수 있으며, 가변 참조 구간 동안의 평균 특징값을 이용하여 자동적인 임계값 설정이 가능하다. 동일한 영상에 대한 실험을 통하여 기존의 방법들보다 최고 정확도(precision)에서 0.146, 회수도(recall)에서 0.083, F1에서 0.089 이상 결과가 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 제안한 실시간 SCD 모델을 H사의 PMP에 적용하여 실시간 장면 전환 검출이 가능한 것을 검증하였다. 제안한 방법은 PMP나 핸드폰 같은 휴대용 미디어 재생 장치에서 비디오 데이터를 검색할 때 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권12호
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• pp.1750-1754
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• 2013

A variable bit rate speech coder is presented. The coder is based on the observation that a speech signal can be viewed as a combination of piecewise linear signals in a short time period. The encoder detects the sample points where the slope of the signal changes, which are called the inflection points in this paper. The coder transmits the location and value for the detected inflection sample, but only the location information for the noninflection samples. In the decoder, the noninflection samples are estimated with interpolation of the received information. Several factors affecting the performance of the coder have been tested through simulation. Simulation results show that the linear interpolation produces 1 ~ 5 dB improvement over the cubic spline interpolation. And the -law companding does not provide any benefit when it is applied before the inflection detection. With low threshold values in the inflection point detection, the coder shows better MOS and more than 16 dB improvement in SNR compared to the continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSDM).

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

In this study, a variable step algorithm is proposed on the basis of the perturb and observe method. The proposed algorithm can follow the maximum power point (MPP) quickly when solar irradiance changes rapidly. The proposed technique uses the voltage change characteristic at the MPP when the environment changes because of insolation or temperature. The MPP is tracked through the voltage control using a variable step method. This method determines the sudden change of solar irradiance by setting the threshold value and operates in fast tracking mode to track the MPP rapidly. When the operation point reaches the MPP, the mode switches to the variable step mode to minimize the steady state error. In addition, the output disturbance is decreased through the optimization of the control method design. The performance of the proposed MPPT algorithm is verified through simulation and experiment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.65-85
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• 2024

The tail probability of a function of a multivariate random variable is not easy to estimate by the crude Monte Carlo simulation. When the occurrence of the function value over a threshold is rare, the accurate estimation of the corresponding probability requires a huge number of samples. When the explicit form of the cumulative distribution function of each component of the variable is known, the inverse transform likelihood ratio method is directly applicable scheme to estimate the tail probability efficiently. The method is a type of the importance sampling and its efficiency depends on the selection of the importance sampling distribution. When the cumulative distribution of the multivariate random variable is represented by a copula and its marginal distributions, we develop an iterative algorithm to find the optimal importance sampling distribution, and show the convergence of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the crude Monte Carlo simulation numerically.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.1471-1479
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 음성인식 분야에서 많이 사용되고 있는 가변어휘 단어 인식 시스템에서 미등록어에 대한 거절 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 거절 기능을 구현하는 방식은 핵심어 검출(keyword spotting)방식과 발화검증(utterance verification)으로 구분이 된다. 발화 검증 방식은 각 음소마다 이와 유사한 반음소모델(anti-phoneme model)을 생성한 후 정상적인 음소 모델과 반음소 모델의 유사도를 비교하여 결정하는 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 화자가 발성할 때마다 구해지는 화자확인 확률값을 신뢰도 문턱치를 결정할 때 적용하는 방법에 대하여 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 사용하였을 때, 사무실 환경에서 CA(Correctly Accepted for keyword)가 94.23%, CR(Correctly Rejected for out-of-vocabulary)이 95.11%로 나타났고, 잡음 환경에서는 CA가 91.14%, CR이 92.74%로 나타나서 성능이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권10호
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• pp.2725-2736
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• 1998

본 논문은 WRLS-VFF-VT 알고리듬을 이용한 새로운 피치 검색 방법론을 제안하도록 한다. 제안된 알고리듬에서는 VFF(가변 망각 인자)를 사용하여 유성음에서의 주 여기 펄스 시점과 관련된 성문 폐쇄 점을 확인한다. 또한 본 논문은 VFF 기반 알고리듬과 함께 기존의 EGG 와 LP-Error 방법을 이용한 피치 검색 알고리듬에서 가변 한계 값을 이용 수정된 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리듬들은 주기와 주기 근간에서 강인한 피치 측정 능력과 준 주기 및 비 주기성 음성 신호에서도 우수한 피치 검색 기능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 제안된 알고리듬의 우수성을 입증하기 위해 실제 사람의 자연스러운 음성 및 사람의 비정상 상태 음성에서 준 주기 및 비 주기성 음성 진동 패턴을 확인하고 검출하는 성능 측정을 통하여 표준 SIFT 알고리듬과 비교 평가하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2005

This paper proposes a selectively cumulative sum(S-CUSUM) control chart for detecting shifts in the process mean. The basic idea of the S-CUSUM chart is to accumulate previous samples selectively in order to increase the sensitivity. The S-CUSUM chart employs a threshold limit to determine whether to accumulate previous samples or not. Consecutive samples with control statistics out of the threshold limit are to be accumulated to calculate a standardized control statistic. If the control statistic falls within the threshold limit, only the next sample is to be used. During the whole sampling process, the S-CUSUM chart produces an 'out-of-control' signal either when any control statistic falls outside the control limit or when L -consecutive control statistics fall outside the threshold limit. The number L is a decision variable and is called a 'control length'. A Markov chain approach is employed to describe the S-CUSUM sampling process. Formulae for the steady state probabilities and the Average Run Length(ARL) during an in-control state are derived in closed forms. Some properties useful for designing statistical parameters are also derived and a statistical design procedure for the S-CUSUM chart is proposed. Comparative studies show that the proposed S-CUSUM chart is uniformly superior to the CUSUM chart or the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average(EWMA) chart with respect to the ARL performance.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

This paper analyzes a broadcasting technique for wireless multi-hop sensor networks that uses a form of cooperative diversity called opportunistic large arrays (OLAs). We propose a method for autonomous scheduling of the nodes, which limits the nodes that relay and saves as much as 32% of the transmit energy compared to other broadcast approaches, without requiring global positioning system (GPS), individual node addressing, or inter-node interaction. This energy-saving is a result of cross-layer interaction, in the sense that the medium access control (MAC) and routing functions are partially executed in the physical (PHY) layer. Our proposed method is called OLA with a transmission threshold (OLA-T), where a node compares its received power to a threshold to decide if it should forward. We also investigate OLA with variable threshold (OLA-VT), which optimizes the thresholds as a function of level. OLA-T and OLA-VT are compared with OLA broadcasting without a transmission threshold, each in their minimum energy configuration, using an analytical method under the orthogonal and continuum assumptions. The trade-off between the number of OLA levels (or hops) required to achieve successful network broadcast and transmission energy saved is investigated. The results based on the analytical assumptions are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

The reset operation of a CCD image sensor was improved using charge trapping of a MOS structure to realize a loe voltage driving. A DC bias generating circuit was added to the reset structure which sets reference voltage and holds the signal charge to be detected. The generated DC bias is added to the reset pulse to give an optimized voltage margin to the reset operation, and is controlled by adjustment of the threshold voltage of a MOS transistor in the circuit. By the pulse-type stress voltage applied to the gate, the electrons and holes were injected to the gate dielectrics, and the threshold voltage could be adjusted ranging from 0.2V to 5.5V, which is suitable for controlling the incomplete reset operation due to the process variation. The charges trapped in the silicon nitride lead to the positive and negative shift of the threshold voltage, and this phenomenon is explained by Poole-Frenkel conduction and Fowler-Nordheim conduction. A CCD image sensor with $492(H){\;}{\times}{\;}510(V)$ pixels adopting this structure showed complete reset operation with the driving voltage of 3.0V. The resolution chart taken with the image sensor shows no image flow to the illumination of 30 lux, even in the driving voltage of 3.0V.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1102-1110
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 기존 복셀 칼라링 기법에서의 색상 일관성에 대한 문턱값 문제를 해결하기 위한 개선된 복셀 칼라링 기법을 제안하였다. 제안 기법에서는 표면 복셀에 대한 색상 일관성의 문턱값을 내부 복셀의 색상 일관성 값으로 대체함으로써 복셀 칼라링의 반복 회수가 증가함에 따라 개별 표면 복셀에 대한 최적의 문턱값을 찾아가도록 하였다. 또한 그래프 절단 기법을 적용하여 주위 복셀을 제거 판단에 함께 고려함으로써 표면 잡음을 감소시켰다.