• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to obtain normative data for 45 mother-daughter pairs on spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body BMD (bone mineral density) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurement, body composition, biochemical markers, nutrient intakes and energy expenditure, to determin the interrelations of these factors within each group, to measure familial resemblance for each variable. We observed significantly positive correlations between height, weight, head, hip and calf circumferences, tricep, femur and calf skinfold thickness, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), protein and fat intakes, Ca index, serum total protein and albumin of monter-daughter pairs(p<.05-p<.001). Among mothers, age, osteocalcin, higher, weight, Ca and energy intakes were predictors of BMDs. Among daughters, weight and energy intake were predictors of BMDs. The BMD in lumbar spine(r=.48, p<.01), femoral neck(r=.38, p<.05), ward's triangle(r=.36, p<.05) of the mothers were significantly correlated with those of the daughters, after adjustment for mother's age, hight, weight, osteocalcin, Ca and energy intakes and daughter's weight, energy intake. In regression analyses, mother's BMD also were positively associated with daughter's BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle. Our findings support that mothers with low BMD tended to have daughters with low BMD. In the age groups studied, as well genetic factors as environmental factors may have an important role in determining BMD. This study suggests that women may successfully enhance their genetically determined BMD through adequate nutrient intakes and weight bearing exercise.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1495-1501
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• 2012

In this study, an experiment was conducted on influent water with low concentrations of organic matter, such as river water or secondary treatment water of a sewage treatment plant, according to HRT changes by using aerobic biofilm. In the biofilm process, as the biofilm increases in thickness, the inner membrane can be low in oxygen transfer rate and become anaerobic conditions, while the detachment of biomass from biofilm occurs. To overcome these limitations in the detachment of microorganisms in biofilm, the yarn, which was made from poly propylene(PP), was weaved and manufactured into a tube. Then, a test was carried out by injecting air so that the interior of the biofilm could create aerobic conditions. The results of the experiment showed that the removal efficiency of $TCOD_{cr}$ reached 66.1~81.2% by HRT 2hr, and 50.9 ~61.8% after HRT 1 hr. The removal efficiency of $SCOD_{cr}$ was 45.9 to 55.1% by HRT 1hr, and 26.1% in HRT 0.5hr, showing the highest removal efficiency in HRT 1hr. The SS removal efficiency was at 81.8 to 94.6%, and the effluent SS concentration was very low, indicating less than 2.2 mg/L in all HRT's. As a result, the $SCOD_{cr}$ and $NH_4{^+}$-N that were removed per specific surface area and attached to microbial biofilm showed the highest efficiency in HRT 1hr with 8.37 $gSCOD_{cr}/m^2{\cdot}d$, 2.93 $gNH_4{^+}-N/m^2{\cdot}d$. From the result of reviewing the characteristics of biofilm growth, microorganisms were found to be attached, and increased by 36 days. Later, they decreased in number through detachment, but showed a tendency to increase again 41 days later due to microbial reproduction.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 취성적인 시멘트 복합체에 2%이내의 단섬유를 보강하여 균열하중이 이후에도 급격한 강도저하 없이 강재와 같은 변형경화 특성을 부여한 신개념의 건설재료인 변형 경화형 시멘트 복합체(SHCC)를 활용한 콘크리트 구조물의 균열제어성능 개선을 위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구에 활용된 SHCC는 물겹합재비 0.45의 시멘트 복합체에 1.3%의 PVA 섬유 및 0.2%의 PE 섬유를 보강하여 제조되었다. 단면 $100{\times}100mm$의 정사각형 단면을 갖는 무근 콘크리트 보와 인장측 하부면에서 30 및 50mm 두께의 콘크리트를 SHCC로 단면 대체한 보의 휨 및 균열진전 과정을 비교하여 본 연구에서 제조된 SHCC에 의한 균열제어성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 인장측 하부면을 SHCC로 대체한 콘크리트 보 실험체의 휨거동 특성 및 균열제어성능은 무근 콘크리트 보에 비하여 크게 개선되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to classify Korean young adults into 3 groups on the basis of upper incisor exposure rates (UIERs) and to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue variables. Methods: Samples were obtained from 127 students at the College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University in South Korea. Facial photographs of frontal posed smiles and lateral cephalograms of the subjects were taken. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of UIERs and 20 measurements were compared among the 3 groups. The correlations between the variables were determined. Results: Male and female subjects showed significant differences in the group distribution. Male subjects showed higher frequencies of low smiles, and female subjects showed higher frequencies of high smiles. The vertical height of the anterior alveolar process of the maxilla directly correlated with the UIER. However, the UIER showed no significant correlation with the vertical height of the anterior basal bone or the inclination of the upper incisor axis. In female subjects, the upper central incisor clinical crown length showed an inverse correlation with the UIER. However, this variable showed no significant correlation with the UIER in male subjects. Conclusions: The UIER was directly correlated with the levator muscle activity of the upper lip and inversely correlated with the upper lip thickness, yet there was no correlation between the UIER and upper lip length at rest.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.741-747
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 국가단위 개체모형을 이용하여 일반농가 한우의 도체중, 등심단면적, 등지방두께, 국내지방도에 대한 유전력를 추정하고 이를 국가단위 종모우 선발용 후대검정우 집단의 유전력과 비교하여 일반 한우농가 개량방향에 효율적인 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 일반농가 한우 107,020두 중 생산정보와 2008년부터 2012년까지의 도체성적 기록이 정확한 일반농가 한우 5,843두를 대상으로 다형질 개체모형을 사용하여 유전력를 추정하였다. 유전력를 추정하기 위해 도체형질에는 출생년도, 사육지역을 고정효과, 사육일령을 공변량으로 포함하였다. 일반농가 한우의 유전력를 추정한 결과 도체형질에 대한 유전력은 도체중 0.19, 등심단면적 0.17, 등지방두께 0.20, 근내지방도 0.23 이며 국가단위 씨수소 선발용 후대검정우 집단의 유전력에 비해 낮았다. 이는 사육지역의 환경, 암소 유전능력과 사육개월의 차이로 인해 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서도 현재 실시되어지고 있는 국가단위 씨수소 선발용 개체모형에 농가 한우집단에 사용할 수 있는 유전요인을 포함시켜 실용화 개체모형 개발이 시급하다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1931-1942
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• 2002

In this paper a formulation of robust optimization is presented and illustrated by a design example of vibratory micro gyroscopes in order to reduce the effect of variations due to uncertainties in MEMS fabrication processes. For the vibratory micro gyroscope considered it is important to match the resonance frequencies of the vertical (sensing) and lateral (driving) modes as close as possible to attain a high sensing sensitivity. A deterministic optimization in which the difference of both the sensing and driving natural frequencies is minimized as an objective function results in highly enhanced performance but apt to be very sensitive to fabrication errors. The formulation proposed is to attain robustness of the performance by including the sensitivity of the response with respect to uncertain variables as a term of objective function to be minimized. This formulation is simple and practically applicable since no detail statistical information on fabrication errors is required. The geometric variables, beam width, length and thickness of vibratory micro gyroscopes are adopted as design variables and at the same time considered as uncertain variables because here occur the fabrication errors. A robustness test in terms of a percentage yield by using the Monte Carlo simulation has shown that the robust optimum produces twice more acceptable designs than the deterministic optimum. Improvement of robustness becomes bigger as the amount of fabrication errors is assumed larger. Considering that the magnitude of fabrication errors and uncertainties in a MEMS structure are comparatively large, the present method is illustrated to be a viable approach for a robust MEMS design.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.220-231
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• 2017

Grafting using a pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) rootstock is an effective way to improve cucumber (Cucumis sativus) resistance to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses. We evaluated the tolerance of 15 pumpkin cultivars to chilling, salinity, and combined stresses at the germination and seedling stages. Selected plant characteristics, including germination rate, germination potential, germination index, plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight, were analyzed. We used the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean for cluster analyses to determine the stress tolerance levels of the pumpkin cultivars. The 15 cultivars were divided into three clusters: tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible to stress treatments. The stress tolerances of all cultivars were variable in the germination and seedling stages, and most cultivars were not tolerant to individual treatments of chilling or salinity stresses at both stages. These results suggest that identifying suitable cultivars for use as rootstock during cucumber grafting should involve the evaluation of stress tolerance during different growth stages. Additionally, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress may not be tolerant to salinity stress; therefore, the choice of pumpkin rootstock should depend on where the grafted plant will be grown. Cultivars tolerant to a combination of chilling and salinity stresses may be useful as rootstock for cucumber grafting. Our findings may serve as reference material for choosing appropriate pumpkin rootstocks for cucumber grafting.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2011

Purpose: Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening, destructive soft tissue infection with a very high rate of mortality that needs early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic, autoimmune disease and it's major cause of mortality is an infection. But necrotizing fasciitis in SLE is very rare and there have been only 22 cases reported in the literatures. We reported a patient of necrotizing fasciitis with SLE and reviewed 22 others from literature research. Methods: A 40-year-old female patient with a history of SLE for 6 years came to the emergency room. The patient complained of severe pain and swelling on her right leg. She was diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis and underwent emergency fasciotomy. As wound cultures showed variable organisms, she was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent several surgical debridements. Then, the wound was treated with the V.A.C (Vacuum Assisted Closure) device and split thickness skin grafting was performed two times. Results: Skin graft was well taken within 2 weeks after operations and the patient was discharged to outpatient follow up. There was no complication related with surgery and she could walk without cane after 3 months. Conclusion: We treated a necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with SLE and reviewed 22 others from literature research. The case presented here suggests that necrotizing fasciitis is a rare disease in SLE patients, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue infection in SLE patients. A high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and proper management in these patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2001

A five-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic chromium from different sources on growth performance, immune response and serum parameters of weaned pigs. One hundred and eighty Tianjin white pigs weaned at $35{\pm}1$ days of age, were allotted to three treatments with six replicates and10 pigs per pen. Pigs were fed corn-soybean-whey-fishmeal basal diets with either no supplemental Cr, $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPi), or $200{\mu}g/kg$ Cr as chromium yeast (Cr-yeast). To assess humoral immune response, all pigs were immunized with swine fever virus on day 21 and two pigs from each pen were immunized with pure albumin on day 14. Cell-mediated immunity was measured by determining the double skinfold thickness (DST) of two pigs from each pen before and 24h after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on day 28. The results indicated that: (1) diets with Cr-yeast increased average daily gain (ADG, p<0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (ADFI, p<0.10). Diets with CrPi did not increase ADG and ADFI (p>0.05). (2) Dietary CrPi or Cr-yeast supplementation did not affect blood urea nitrogen, glucose, or cholesterol (p>0.05), but blood urea nitrogen in CrPi and Cr-yeast supplemented groups and blood glucose in the Cr-yeast supplemented group were significantly influenced by sampling days (p<0.05). (3) Serum proteins (TP, ALB, and GLB) were influenced by sampling days (p<0.05), but not by dietary Cr treatment (p>0.10). (4) There were no significant differences among treatments in the titers of albumin antibody and swine fever virus antibody (p>0.05) or DST before and after PHA stimulation (p>0.05), indicating that organic chromium has no significant effect on the immune function of weaning pigs. Therefore, these results agree with other research that the effects of supplemental Cr are variable in weanling pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.441-448
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• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 187 group fed purebred Angus calves from 12 selected sires (six high and six low feed conversion sires) in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to develop prediction equations for feed conversion from a stepwise regression analysis. Variables measured were on-test weight (ONTSTWT), on-test age (ONTSTAG), five weights by 28-d periods, seven linear body measurements: heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), muzzle circumference (MC), length between hooks and pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO), and backfat thickness (BF). Stepwise regressions for maintenance adjusted feed conversion (ADJFC) and unadjusted feed conversion (UNADFC) over the first 140 d of the test, and total feed conversion (FC) until progeny reached 8.89 mm of back fat were obtained separately by conversion groups and sexes and for combined feed conversion groups and sexes. In general, weights were more important than linear body measurements in prediction of feed utilization. To some extent this was expected as weight is related directly to gain which is a component of feed conversion. Weight at 112 d was the most important variable in prediction of feed conversion when data from both feed conversion groups and sexes were combined. Weights at 84 and 140 d were important variables in prediction of UNADFC and FC, respectively, of bulls. ONTSTWT and weight at 140 d had the highest standardized partial regression coefficients for UNADFC and ADJFC, respectively, of heifers. Results indicated that linear measurements, such as MC, HDL and HOPIN, are useful in prediction of feed conversion when feed in takes are unavailable.