• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.563-571
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• 2006

Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) nano-materials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were directly grown on the surface of the stainless steel mesh pre-treated by reduction. The reduction of the stainless steel mesh by hydrogen formed small catalytic particles and large particles with bi-modal distribution on the metal surface. When the VGCFs were synthesized on the reduced mesh, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dominantly grown from the small catalytic particles without supplying hydrogen gas. However, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were dominantly grown from the large catalytic particles with hydrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2017

CNT (carbon nanotube) resistors with low resistance and negative TCR (temperature coefficient of resistance) were fabricated with yarned CNT (carbon nanotube) fibers. The CNT fibers were prepared by yarning CNTs grown on the silicone substrate by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. The CNT resistors were fabricated by winding CNT fibers on the surface of ceramic rod. Both metal terminals were connected with the CNT fiber wound on the ceramic rod. We measured electrical resistance and thermal stability with the number of CNT fibers wound. The CNT resistor system shows linearly decreased resistance with the number of CNTs wound on the ceramic rod and saturated at 20 strands. The CNT resistor system has negative TCR between $-1,000{\sim}-2,000ppm/^{\circ}C$ and stable frequency properties under 100 kHz.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

This review paper is a state of the art report of the development of high performance nano-composites with carbon nanotube. We investigate the research and development (R&D) trends of high performance nano-composites with carbon nanotube by analyzing technical trends in research institutes and industry. We report the R&D and technology trends for the properties and applications of fabrication of hybrid composites with aligned carbon nanotubes, multifunctional fiber/carbon nanotube composites. We discuss the specific topics including unidirectional carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube forests, transfer-printing carbon nanotube technology, deposition of carbon nanotube by electrophoresis, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), cup-stacked carbon nanotube, bucky paper and carbon nanotube yarns in this review paper.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 2007

Effect of dispersion methods for Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers (VGCF) in epoxy caused the change in mechanical properties of VGCF/epoxy nanocomposites, such as tensile modulus and tensile strength. The influence of VGCF types - atmospheric plasma treated (APT) VGCF and raw VGCF - and their contents was discussed in detail. Treating VGCF with atmospheric plasma enhanced the surface energy, therefore improved the bonding strength with epoxy matrix. Two different methods used to disperse VGCF were ultrasonic and mechanical homogenizer methods. When using dispersion solutions, the VGCF demonstrated good dispersion in ethanol in both homogenizer and ultrasonic method. The uniform dispersion of VGCF was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed well-dispersion of VGCF in epoxy matrix. The tensile modulus of raw VGCF/epoxy nanocomposites obtained by ultrasonic method was higher than that of one obtained by homogenizer method. APT VGCF/epoxy nanocomposites showed higher tensile strength than that of raw VGCF/epoxy nanocomposites.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.330-338
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• 2018

The adhesion strength as well as the electrochemical properties of $LiNi_{0.4}Mn_{0.4}Co_{0.2}O_2$ electrodes containing various conductive carbons (CC) such as fiber-like carbon, vapor-grown carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, particle-like carbon, Super P, and Ketjen black is compared. The morphological properties is investigated using scanning electron microscope to reveal the interaction between the different CC and the active material. The surface and interfacial cutting analysis system is also used to measure the adhesion strength between the aluminum current collector and the composite film, and the adhesion strength between the active material and the CC of the electrodes. The results obtained from the measured adhesion strength points to the fact that the structure and the particle size of CC additives have tremendous influence on the binding property of the composite electrodes, and this in turn affects the electrochemical property of the configured electrodes.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.247-257
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• 2004

Electrodes were fabricated based on activated carbon powder BP-20, conducting agent such as Super P, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) and acetylene black (AB), and the mixed binders of flexible poly(vinylidenefluoridehexafluoropropylene) [P(VdF-co-HFP)] and cross linking dispersion agent of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to increase mechanical strength. According to impedance measurement of the electrode with the addition of conducting agent, we found that it was possible to charge rapidly by the fast steady-state current convergence due to low equivalent series resistance (AC-ESR, fast charge transfer rate at interface between electrode and electrolyte and low RC time constant. The self-discharge of unit cell showed that diffusion process was controlled by the ion concentration difference of initial electrolyte due to the characteristics of Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) charged by ion adsorption in the beginning, but this by current leakage through the double-layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface had a minor effect and voltages of curves were remained constant regardless of electrode material. We found that the 2.3V/230F grade EDLC would be applied to industrial safety usage such as uninterrupted power supply (UPS) because of the constant DC-ESR by IR drop regardless of discharge current.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2004

An investigation upon the characterization of MCMB anodes with different vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) content for application in lithium polymer battery(LPB) was carried out. When VGCF material was used as conducting agent with MCMB active material, the impedance and the initial coulombic efficiency of test cells were found to decrease with the increasing amount of VGCF. On the other hand, as a function of added VGCF the discharge capacity and the utilization linearly with increased. Impedance of test cell with MCMB anode containing $6wt\%$ VGCF exhibited the lowest value whereas the impedance of $8wt\%$ VUF contained anode was similar to that of MCMB anode without VGCF. Interestingly, $6wt\%$ VUF contained anode showed the best battery characteristics. Internal resistance and rate capacity of the cell were. respectively, $0.918{\Omega}\;at\;25C\;and\;93\%$ at 2C. Generally, rate capability and the cycleability of MCMB based test cells with $4\~6wt\%$ VGCF content exhibited better results than the other cells. In the case of $6wt\%$ VGCF containing anode, the discharge capacity of the cell faded slowly with an ultimate charge-discharge cycling capacity of 178mAh/g at the 100th cycle. Thereafter, the discharge capacity faded negligibly and the utilization of the cell at the 100th cycle was more than $90\%$. The effect of addition of VGCF is discussed in detail.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2006

The effect of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) contents on electrical and rheological properties of VGCF filled polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites prepared through melt mixing using a twin screw exruder was studied. This method was proved to be quite effective to produce good dispersion of VGCF in the matrix even for highly filled PPS. From the dependence of the electrical conductivity on VGCF content, the percolation phenomena began to occur above $10\;wt\%$. While there is only a marginal increase of viscosity for 1 and $5\;wt\%$ VGCF filled PPS, the composites containing $10\;wt\%$. While VGCF showed abrupt increase in viscosity as well as flattening of frequency vs modulus curve, indicating a transition from a liquid-like to a solid-like behavior due to the creation of VGCF network. This result agrees well to the fact that the network formation in the composite can be composite by rheological property dependence on filler content as well as by electrical conductivity measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.59.1-59.1
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• 2015

In the Linford group at Brigham Young University we have recently developed three new sets of materials for three different areas of separations science: thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and solid phase microextraction (SPME). First, via microfabrication we have grown patterned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests on planar substrates that we have infiltrated with inorganic materials such as silicon nitride. The coatings on the CNTs are conformal and typically deposited in a process like low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The resulting materials have high surface areas, are porous, and function as effective separation devices, where separations on our new TLC plates are typically significantly faster than on conventional devices. Second, we used the layer-by-layer (electrostatically driven) deposition of poly (allylamine) and nanodiamond onto carbonized poly (divinylbenzene) microspheres to create superficially porous particles for HPLC. Many interesting classes of molecules have been separated with these particles, including various cannabinoids, pesticides, tricyclic antidepressants, etc. Third, we have developed new materials for SPME by sputtering silicon onto cylindrical fiber substrates in a way that creates shadowing of the incoming flux so that materials with high porosity are obtained. These materials are currently outperforming their commercial counterparts. Throughout this work, the new materials we have made have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2014

The $0.3Li_2MnO_3{\cdot}0.7LiMn_{0.55}Ni_{0.30}Co_{0.15}O_2$ cathode material was prepared via a co-precipitation method. The vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was used as a conductive material and its effects on electrochemical properties of the $0.3Li_2MnO_3{\cdot}0.7LiMn_{0.55}Ni_{0.30}Co_{0.15}O_2$ cathode material were investigated. From the XRD pattern, the typical complex layered structure was confirmed and a solid solution between $Li_2MnO_3$ and $LiMO_2$ (M = Ni, Co and Mn) was formed without any secondary phases. The VGCF was properly distributed between cathode materials and conductive sources by a FE-SEM. In voltage profiles, the electrode with VGCF showed higher discharge capacity than the pristine electrode. At a 5C rate, 146 mAh/g was obtained compared with 232 mAh/g at initial discharge in the electrode with VGCF. Furthermore, the impedance of the electrode with VGCF did not changed much around $9-10{\Omega}$ while the pristine electrode increased from 21.5${\Omega}$ to $46.3{\Omega}$ after the $30^{th}$ charge/discharge cycling.