• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.817-823
• /
• 2011

Angelicae gigas Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine as well as an edible vegetable in South Korea. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants of A. gigas Nakai leaves were examined in vitro via hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity, reducing power activity, metal chelating assay, and DPPH-free -radical-scavenging assay. Among all the extracts from A. gigas Nakai leaves, the ethanol extract showed the strongest effects in all of the assays. The $EC_{50}$ values for the DPPH-radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 31.47, 42.14, and $58.47{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the extracts from A. gigas Kakai leaves, the ethanol extract had the highest levels of total phenolics ($7.84{\pm}1.46$ mg TAN/g) and total flavonoids ($4.23{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g), which correlated strongly with the individual phenolic-compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, and trans-ferulic acid) contents. The ethanol extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity than tocopherol in hydroxyl- radical-scavenging activity assay. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of A. gigas Kakai leaves possesses significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional-food ingredient in the food industry.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2019

This study was done to evaluate the effects of a mixture of essential oils and organic acid supplementation on growth performance, blood profiles, leg bone length and intestinal morphology in Ross broilers. A total of 40 Ross 308 broilers ($1140{\pm}80g$) were randomly allocated to 2 groups, a basal diet (CON) and a basal diet + 0.05% $Avi-protect^{(R)}$ (AVI, Mixture of 25% citric, 16.7 sorbic, 1.7% thymol, and 1.0% vanillin), with 20 replicates for every group and 1 chicken per replicate per cage. The broilers were raised in a temperature-controlled room maintained at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%$ humidity. The body weight (p < 0.05) and weight gain (p < 0.05) of the broilers were increased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. The triglyceride (p < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.05) contents were significantly decreased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. There was no significant difference in the leg bone length between the AVI and CON groups (p > 0.05). The villi height (p < 0.05) and goblet cell count (p < 0.05) were significantly increased in the AVI group compared with the CON group. In conclusion, $Avi-protect^{(R)}$ as a feed additive improved the growth performance and lipid metabolism and promoted the development of the intestinal morphology of broilers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.776-784
• /
• 2019

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), the most well-known polyhydroxyalkanoate, is a bio-based, biodegradable polymer that has the potential to replace petroleum-based plastics. Lignocellulose hydrolysate, a non-edible resource, is a promising substrate for the sustainable, fermentative production of PHB. However, its application is limited by the generation of inhibitors during the pretreatment processes. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of PHB production in E. coli in the presence of inhibitors found in lignocellulose hydrolysates. Our results show that the introduction of PHB synthetic genes (bktB, phaB, and phaC from Ralstonia eutropha H16) improved cell growth in the presence of the inhibitors such as furfural, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and vanillin, suggesting that PHB synthetic genes confer resistance to these inhibitors. In addition, increased PHB production was observed in the presence of furfural as opposed to the absence of furfural, suggesting that this compound could be used to stimulate PHB production. Our findings indicate that PHB production using lignocellulose hydrolysates in recombinant E. coli could be an innovative strategy for cost-effective PHB production, and PHB could be a good target product from lignocellulose hydrolysates, especially glucose.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The chemical composition of cactus pear seed oil (Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill.) was analyzed in terms of its fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, phenolic identification, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined. Methods: Fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography coupled to an FI detector. Tocopherols and phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-FLD/UV, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined by phosphomolybdenum, DPPH assay and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: Fatty acid composition was marked by a high unsaturation level (83.22 ± 0.34%). The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (66.79 ± 0.78%), followed by oleic acid (15.16 ± 0.42%) and palmitic acid (12.70 ± 0.03%). The main tocopherol was γ-tocopherol (172.59 ± 7.59 mg/kg. In addition, Tyrosol, vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, pinoresinol, and cinnamic acid were identified as phenolic compounds in the analyzed seed oil. Moreover, the oil's phenolics-rich fraction showed a significant total antioxidant activity, scavenged DPPH up to 97.85%, and effectively protected β-carotene against bleaching (97.56%). Conclusion: The results support the potential use of cactus pear seed oil as a functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2004

Chemical compositions and chemical structure of lignin and alkali cooking condition and fiber length of red pepper were investigated and compared to those of woods. The chemical compositions of red pepper were higher component of extraction than that of wood. The contents of carbon and hydrogen of Klason lignin in red pepper were similar to that of pine and birch wood. On the other hand, the contents of oxygen and nitrogen of Klason lignin in the red pepper were higher than that of wood. The result of nitrobenzene oxidation shows that Klason lignin of red pepper was similar to lignin of softwood. The best alkali cooking condition of red pepper was 0.2%-anthraquinone, active alkali of 20% and liquor ratio of 1:7. The fiber length of red pepper was about 0.47 mm. Therefore, the red pepper fiber will be able to use special purpose of short fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2002

The air-dried bark of Salix rorida was extracted with acetone-water(7:3, v/v) and its extractives were concentrated with a vacuum evaporator. The extractives were fractionated with a series of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate(EtOAc) and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze-dried to give some dark brown powder. The EtOAc and water soluble fractions were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were tested with a cellulose TLC developed with TBA and 6% acetic acid and then visualized on UV lamp or sprayed with vanillin-HCl-EtOH. The purified compounds were flavonoids and their glycosides as follows:(+)-catechin, naringenin, salipurposide, aromadendrin, isosalipurposide, aromadendrin-7-O-𝛽-D-glucopy- ranoside and taxifolin-7-O-𝛽-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of each compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectra.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a plastic material commonly applied to beverage packaging used in everyday life. Owing to PET's versatility and ease of use, its consumption has continuously increased, resulting in considerable waste generation. Several physical and chemical recycling processes have been developed to address this problem. Recently, biological upcycling is being actively studied and has come to be regarded as a powerful technology for overcoming the economic issues associated with conventional recycling methods. For upcycling, PET should be degraded into small molecules, such as terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, which are utilized as substrates for bioconversion, through various degradation processes, including gasification, pyrolysis, and chemical/biological depolymerization. Furthermore, biological upcycling methods have been applied to biosynthesize value-added chemicals, such as adipic acid, muconic acid, catechol, vanillin, and glycolic acid. In this review, we introduce and discuss various degradation methods that yield substrates for bioconversion and biological upcycling processes to produce value-added biochemicals. These technologies encourage a circular economy, which reduces the amount of waste released into the environment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2007

The fruit flesh of four Prunus mume cultivated varieties, P. mume 'Nanko', P. mume 'Viridicalyx', P. mume 'Baigo', P. mume var, microcarpa 'Koshusaisho' Siebold & Zuccarni, were ground and extracted with ethyl acetate and their chemical components were analyzed by GC/MS-SIM. In the ten compounds which was used fer the calibration, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, linoleic acid, ethyl linoleate, and squalene were determined in all the four cultivated varieties. However, palmitic acid was detected only in P. mume var. microcarpa 'Koshusaisho'. Isopropyl palmitate was found only in P. mume 'Baigo' and var, microcarpa 'Koshusaisho', while stearic acid was determined in P. mume 'Nanko', 'Viridicalyx', and var, microcarpa 'Koshusaisho'. In the variation of quantities, maleic anhydride was contained 245.4, 153.6, 20.1, and 2.7 ppm in P. mume 'Baigo', 'Nanko', var. microcarpa 'Koshusaisho', and 'Viridicalyx', respectively. Citraconic anhydride was also contained 637.4, 543.1, 150.7, and 38.7 ppm in P. mume 'Baigo', 'Nanko', var. microcarpa 'Koshusaisho', and 'Viridicalyx', respectively. The amounts of stearic acid were 105.5, 64.4, and 32.3 ppm in P. mume var. microcarpa 'Koshusaisho', 'Viridicalyx', and 'Nanko', respectively. Squalene was found in amounts of 7.6, 1.7, 1.0, and 0.5 ppm in P. mume var. microcarpa 'Koshusaisho', 'Baigo', 'Nanko', and 'Viridicalyx', respectively. The amounts of other minor compounds also were varied in the P. mume cultivated varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.11
• /
• pp.1493-1501
• /
• 2012

The antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau were examined using two antioxidant assays. Ten volatile aroma compounds identified in this plant were also tested for antioxidant activity. The volatile aroma extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata exhibited antioxidant activities with a clear dose response relationship in both aldehyde/carboxylic acid and lipid/malonaldehyde assays. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $500{\mu}g/mL$ were $77.02{\pm}8.12%$ (stem) and $74.19{\pm}6.82%$ (root) in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Antioxidant activities of volatile aroma extracts from C. tricuspidata at $160{\mu}g/mL$ were $76.17{\pm}4.25%$ (stem) and $61.43{\pm}2.11%$ (root) in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. Positively identified volatile aroma components in extracts of stem and root from C. tricuspidata were seven terpenes and terpenoides, 14 alkyl compounds, 11 nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds, three oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds, 12 aromatic compounds, nine lactones, and seven miscellaneous compounds (possible contaminants). Among the positively identified compounds, eugenol, isoeugenol, and 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol exhibited antioxidant activities comparable to those of BHT and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Vanillin and 2-acetylpyrrole showed moderate activities in the lipid/malonaldehyde assay. These results suggest that consumption of antioxidant-rich beverages prepared from C. tricuspidata could have beneficial effects on human health by preventing diseases caused by oxidative damage.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 1983

This research is performed to compare lignin compounds isolated in Pinus koraiensis Sieb et Zucco, with those compounds which have been already isolated. and to elucidate IR spectra of functional groups and aromatic nucleus for chemical structure of lignin. In vanillin and dehydrodivanillin having carbonyl group ill ${\alpha}$-position. characteristic absorption band of carbonyl group was confirmed in 1665 $cm^{-1}$. Absorption band of vanillic and syringic acid with carboxyl group were indicated in 1675 and 1690 $cm^{-1}$ respectively. Syringic acid showed low wave number because this was affected by methoxyl group. Characteristic absorption bands of guaiacyl, syringly and guaiacyl-syringyl co-polymer nucleus were clearly disclosed in diarylpropane compounds. It were reconfirmed that absorption band of guaiacyl showed longer wave number than of syringly nucleus.