• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

Background: Patients with secondary deformities associated with unilateral cleft lip and nose might also suffer from nostril stenosis due to a lack of tissue volume in the nostril on the cleft side. Here, we used full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) to reduce nostril stenosis and various methods for skin volume augmentation. We compared the changes in the symmetry of both nostrils before and after surgery. Methods: From February 2016 to January 2020, 34 patients underwent secondary cheiloplasty and open rhinoplasty for secondary deformities of the unilateral cleft lip and nose with nostril stenosis. FTSG was used on the nostril floor, nasal columella, and alar inner lining. The measured nasal profile included the nostril surface, nostril circumference, width of the nostril floor, and distance from the alar-facial groove to the nasal tip. The "overlap area," which was defined as the largest overlapping area when the image of the cleft nostril was flipped to the left and right and overlaid on the image of the normal side nostril, was also calculated. The degree of symmetry was evaluated by dividing the value of the cleft side by that of the normal side of each measured profile and expressed as "ratios." Results: The results of all profile ratios, except for the nostril floor width, became significantly close to 1, which represents full symmetry. The overlap area ratio improved from 62.7% to 77.3%, meaning that the length and width of the nostril as well as the overall shape became similar (p< 0.05). Conclusion: When performing cleft rhinoplasty with nostril stenosis, FTSG is useful to achieve symmetry in the nostril size and shape. Skin grafting is simpler to perform than the other types of local flap, and the results are generally satisfactory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

The 3D spatial model is an analysis framework for solving urban problems and is used in various fields such as urban planning, environment, land and housing management, and disaster simulation. The utilization of drones that can capture 3D images in a short time at a low cost is increasing for the construction of 3D spatial model. In terms of building a virtual city and utilizing simulation modules, high location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model function as important factors, so a method to increase the accuracy has been proposed. This study analyzed location accuracy of aerial survey and precision of 3D spatial model by each condition of aerial survey for urban areas where buildings are densely located. We selected Daerim 2-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul as a target area and applied shooting angle, shooting altitude, and overlap rate as conditions for the aerial survey. In this study, we calculated the location accuracy of aerial survey by analyzing the difference between an actual survey value of CPs and a predicted value of 3D spatial Model. Also, We calculated the precision of 3D spatial Model by analyzing the difference between the position of Point cloud and the 3D spatial Model (3D Mesh). As a result of this study, the location accuracy tended to be high at a relatively high rate of overlap, but the higher the rate of overlap, the lower the precision of 3D spatial model and the higher the shooting angle, the higher precision. Also, there was no significant relationship with precision. In terms of baseline-height ratio, the precision tended to be improved as the baseline-height ratio increased.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

The purpose of this study clarifies an expression characteristic of the phenomenal space. The architecture is an interface between human and nature. Nature presents herself as phenomena. Thus, the phenomenal space should be approached as the essence of architecture that is to accommodate nature. Phenomenon is related to everyday life and shares flow naturally within it. The phenomenon and everyday life form a relationship through the mediating elements that are time, place, and image. If these mediating elements are developed as spatialized elements, time becomes the converse, place becomes the overlap, and shape becomes the revealing. Also, spatial components that are substituted with these elements are void/solid, form, and materials. The relational characteristics of phenomenal space can be identified through these, and such characteristics are one-ness, continuity, and coincidence of opposites. Phenomenal space is expressed with spatial tones and accepted as spatial atmospheres. For the analysis, 15 works of swiss architects were selected to which spatial elements were applied. And It were composed that analysis by arranging these components as the relational network found that expression characteristics. Trough the analysis, It was found that expression characteristics of phenomenal space of the architecture of Swiss architects were prototypicality, primitiveness, and originality. As a results, It is considered that the role of the space that contains the value of everyday life, the value of the phenomenon is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

Drone related research has been increasing recently due to the development and distribution of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles. However, most of the previous studies focused on the accuracy and utility of drone surveying. For drones, the resolution of the result is determined according to the flight altitude, but since 70% of Korea is mountainous, it is necessary to analyze the quality of the drone image according to the flight plan. In this study, the quality of drone photogrammetry results according to flight plans was analyzed. The flight plan was established by fixed altitude and considering the height of the terrain. Images were acquired for both cases and data was processed to generate ortho images. As a result of evaluating the accuracy of the generated ortho image, the accuracy was found to be -0.07 ~ 0.09m. The accuracy of Case I and Case II did not show a significant difference, but for RMSE, Case I showed a good value. These results indicate that the drone flight plan affects the quality of the results. Also, when flying at a fixed altitude, II showed a lower value than the originally set overlap according to the altitude of the object. In future surveys using drones, flight planning taking into account the height of the object will contribute to the improvement of the quality of the results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2745-2754
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a Peak to Average power Ratio(PAR) reduction algorithm by using the Adaptive Block Coding(ABC). The problem of a PAR due to each sub-carrier overlap phenomenon in the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system causes the an increasing in the complexity of the A/D converter in the transmitter and a reduction in the efficiency of the amplifier. The proposed ABC algorithm selects the block coding which provides the lowest PAR value based on the various check bit position. It is shown that a PAR of the ABC algorithm can be reduced from 8.35dB to 6.02dB in 16 sub-carriers compared to theconventional block coding scheme. We also extended the ABC algorithm to a larger number of sub-carriers and estimated their PAR values.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.602-608
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• 2014

The sequence of bond overlap population of metal hydrogen binding is in Al-H > Fe-H > Zr-H > V-H. This results shows the binding energy of Al-H is the biggest in this metals (Al, Fe, Zr, and V) and hydrogen interaction. The Vanadium-hydrogen binding shows the weakest binding energy compared to other metals and it causes easy hydrogen desorption from the corresponding metals. The net charge of Al-H show the biggest value of 0.2248 and the severe localizations of electrons around aluminum and imply strongest covalent binding nature in these metals. This study is applicable to the purification of hydrogen in other bulk gas.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.52-61
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• 1999

The laser induced forward transfer(LIFT) technique employs a pulsed laser to transfer parts of a thin metal film from an optically transparent target onto an arbitrary substrate in close proximity to the metal film on the target. In this work, a two-step method, the combination of LIFT process, in which a Au film deposited on the $Al_2$O$_3$ substrate by Nd:YAG laser and subsequent Au electroless metal plating on the by LIFT process generated Au seed, was presented. The influence of laser parameters, wavelength, laser power, film thickness and overlap ratio of pulse tracks, on the shapes of deposit and conductor line after electroless plating is experimentally studied. As a results, the threshold power densities for ablation, deposition and metallization were determined and comparison of threshold value between the wave length 1064nm and the second harmonic generated 532nm. In odor to determine a possible application in the electronic industry, a smallest conduct spot size, line width and isolated line space were generated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1985

The complete neglect of differential overlap (CNDO/2) approximate wavefunctions have been applied to select the preferred signs for the dipole moment derivatives of SiH$_{4}$ and SiD$_{4}$ in conjunction with the experimental alternatives. The apparent sign discrepancy from earlier report has been identified. The effective atomic charge for hydrogen was found to be X$_{H}$/e = 0.229, more than two times larger in comparison with the values of typical hydrocarbons like CH$_{4}$. The anomalously large effective hydrogen charge was interpreted based on a quantum mechanical model as well as the value of atom anisotropy relative to effective atomic charge.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2021

Cushing syndrome (CS) is rare in pregnancy, and few cases have been reported to date. Women with untreated CS rarely become pregnant because of the ovulatory dysfunction induced by hypercortisolism. It is difficult to diagnose CS in pregnancy because of its very low incidence, the overlap between the clinical signs of hypercortisolism and the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and the changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity that occur during pregnancy and limit the value of standard diagnostic testing. However, CS in pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes; therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment are important. Here, we report two patients with CS that was not diagnosed during pregnancy, in whom maternal and fetal morbidity developed because of hypercortisolism.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.124-131
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• 2024

Breast cancer classification using ultrasound, while widely employed, faces challenges due to its relatively low predictive value arising from significant overlap in characteristics between benign and malignant lesions, as well as operator-dependency. To alleviate these challenges and reduce dependency on radiologist interpretation, the implementation of automatic breast cancer classification in ultrasound image can be helpful. To deal with this problem, we propose a semi-supervised deep learning framework for breast cancer classification. In the proposed method, we could achieve reasonable performance utilizing less than 50% of the training data for supervised learning in comparison to when we utilized a 100% labeled dataset for training. Though it requires more modification, this methodology may be able to alleviate the time-consuming annotation burden on radiologists by reducing the number of annotation, contributing to a more efficient and effective breast cancer detection process in ultrasound images.