• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

The smart-phone has become a necessity for most people. In this study, we determined that using a smart-phone for 20 minutes can cause increased neck and shoulder muscle activities and fatigue. Seventeen healthy male smart-phone users who attended Yonsei University played a smart-phone game for 20 minutes and changes in their bilateral cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius muscle activities and fatigue were measured. To assess muscle activities and fatigue, we used the following variables: the median frequency, the 50th percentile Amplitude probability distribution function (APDF) value (median load), and the discrepancy in the 90th percentile APDF value and the 10th percentile APDF value (APDF range). A paired t-test was used to compare pre-smart-phone-use status with post-smart-phone-use-status. The median frequency of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the upper trapezius decreased significantly after 20 minutes of smart-phone use (p<.05). In addition, the 50th percentile APDF value of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the right upper trapezius increased significantly (p<.05). The APDF range of the bilateral cervical erector spinae and the upper trapezius also increased significantly (p<.05). However, the 50th percentile APDF range of the left upper trapezius was not significantly different (p>.05). These findings suggest that using smart-phones for 20 minutes can induce muscle fatigue and increased neck and shoulder muscle activities.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2019

This study empirically analyzed the effect of outdoor brand consumer's consumption value and company's creating shared values activity on consumers' purchase intention. The sub-variables of consumption value were set as functional value, conditional value, and emotional value as factors affecting consumers' purchase intention. The sub-variables of company's creating shared values activities were set as economic value, relational value, social value. As a result of analysis, functional value, conditional value, and emotional value of consumption value were found to have a positive effect on purchase intention, and economic value, social value, and relational value of company's creating shared values were all positively influenced Respectively. According to the results of the analysis, it is found that both consumption value of outdoor brand consumers and company's creating shared values activities are positive factors for purchase intention. This result can be deduced that consumers 'consumption value and company's creating shared values activities in outdoor brand industry are already reflected in consumers' purchase intention.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

This paper examines the value of unpaid care work using the 2004 time use survey and compared them to economic measures such as GDP, tax revenue, value of paid work, government expenditure on care-related personnel expenditure and remuneration of paid care workers. It employs the mean earnings approach and generalist approach. It finds that the value of unpaid care work (compared to GDP) is between 18% and 29% using different approaches. The value of care of household members and for others in the community (person care) is between 5% and 8%. Furthermore, the value of unpaid care work is greater than that of direct tax regardless of the approach used. In addition, the value of person care is estimated at between 22% and 35% of the total value of the paid economy. The value of unpaid care work far exceeds the value of government expenditure on care-related personnel and the remuneration of paid care workers. This research suggests that unpaid care work (mostly conducted by women) should be recognized as part of production activities. This is because caring and household maintenance activities are necessary for individual well-being but also it contributes to the national economic competitiveness particularly through human resource development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.219-233
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• 2021

This study would prove the logic that business practice CSR has a positive impact on efficient product value while philanthropic CSR has a positive impact on socio-ethical product value to promote product purchase intention. It would also test the mediating role of efficient product value and socio-ethical product value. Methods: AMOS 22.0 was used to analyze the structural equation model in this work, and the hypotheses were tested after setting the impact of corporate variables on intrinsic variables additionally. Results: This study conducted research that has not been attempted in the preceding studies, classifying CSR into business practice CSR activities related to economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities and philanthropic CSR activities related to the contribution to the community, the connection of donation and business, company-wide philanthropy, and appropriate donation performance. Conclusion: This study would prove the logic that business practice CSR has a positive impact on efficient product value while philanthropic CSR has a positive impact on socio-ethical product value to promote product purchase intention, and evaluating the mediating role of efficient product value and socio-ethical product value, thus providing implications from a new perspective that has not been explored in previous marketing studies.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a housing choice behavior program to cultivate housing value orientation among middle-school students. The importance of cultivating housing value orientation in middle school was examined by investigating the relationship between housing value orientation and housing choice behavior, following which a program was developed to cultivate housing value orientation based on various housing values. Housing choice behavior was defined as selecting the ownership type, housing type, housing size, and neighborhood environment of housing, and the program was developed in 12 sessions to understand housing values and cultivate housing value orientation through learning housing choice behavior. The features of this program were as follows. First, although housing choice behavior is not covered in middle-school home economics, the 2015 revised national curriculum and current middle-school textbooks were analyzed and developed in consideration of the level available in schools. Second, it was possible to develop a housing value orientation that encompasses various housing values, including activities used to consider such values as the basis for housing choice behavior by each sessions. Third, the program was meaningful in that it developed practical problem-solving and living independence skills through learning activities, including available sites, experience cases, and housing welfare that cannot be experienced directly or indirectly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

Omija seed oil was extracted from Omija seeds, a by-product of Omija, using an eco-friendly pressed extraction method. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of 12 extracts using different combinations of seed moisture content (5, 7.5, and 10%) and extraction temperature (25, 49, 75, and 100℃) were then investigated. The highest extraction yield was 31.33% at moisture of 5% and temperature of 75℃. The lowest acid value was 4.18±0.25 at moisture of 5% and temperature of 49℃or moisture of 7.5% and temperature of 25℃. Peroxide value, iodine value, and saponification value were the lowest at 0.64±0.56 meq/kg, 159.38± 6.03, and 57.60±9.40, respectively, at moisture of 5% and temperature of 25℃. The content of total polyphenolics was the highest at 4,413±125 mg TAE/100 g when the moisture content was 10% and the extraction temperature was 25℃. DPPH radical scavenging activities of oil extracts at 20~100 mg/mL were 28.68±7.30~87.65±2.20%. The maximum antioxidant activity and IC₅₀ were 87.65±2.20% and <20 mg/mL, respectively, for extract obtained at moisture of 10% and temperature at 100℃. As a result, the extraction yield, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and so on were excellent at moisture content of 5% and extraction temperature of 25℃ or 49℃. However, the content of total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were the highest at moisture of 10% and extraction temperature of 100℃. In conclusion, extracting Omija seed oil from Omija seeds, a by-product of Omija, is effective with a pressed extraction method.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Although the port distripark concept and its development policy have been introduced since almost twenty years, there is no visible results of the policy. Specifically, the level of value-added logistics using transhipment cargo is too low. In this paper, we mainly focus on the causes of the policy failure of port distripark's value added activities in terms of conceptual as well as practical or functional. Definitely, the study reviews the concept of port distripark compared to industrial park or bonded factory. The study also analyzes the differentiation of port distripark and port hinterland. The study generats that the problem or error that may occur when port hinterland is identified with the port distripark. Last but not least, the limitations of value added logistics is generated on the study. We examined in depth whether the already well known value added activity of port distripark is really activities that add 'value'.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-276
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary students' selection of representable value and confident method that appear in measuring activities by using a microgenetic method. The participants were seven elementary students in the fourth grade. They performed the same measuring activities six times for the study period. Data were collected by interview and observation with their activity recording papers and video tape transcription. Their activities were recorded and documented for the analysis. Results were as follows. First, in the time measuring activity, elementary students developed desirably as their measuring experience increased, for example they selected a representable value in use of a repeated measurement and used a various method in the domain of a time measurement and they showed an increase of a quantitative observation in the volume domain except in the length domain. Second, in a confident method of a representable value, though they must rely upon a repeated measurement, they only measure repeatedly in the time domain. Also in the time domain, it doesn't get accomplished a exact confidence of a representable value at a shortage of skill about a measurement. Accordingly this study will be implications for teachers to teach a handling abilities of measuring instruments to elementary students and to be promote understanding a nature of measurement.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.309-315
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• 2018

As the participation in marine sports activities has increased according to the increased national income, changes in lifestyle, etc., this study explored various values and possibilities towards a sport for all, which are inherent in marine sports, through the literature research with respect to leisure activities, sport for all, and marine sports. As a result of study, marine sports include the functional values, such as leisure satisfaction and welfare function, as a tool to improve the quality of life, which the sport for all may have, and not only have a positive impact on individual lives, but further, can also contribute to raising the level of social well-being. Marine sports are directly experienced physical activities utilizing nature and importantly functioning in human beings' understanding nature; especially, it could be found that they have the high emotion-educational value which could make the right personality formed for the adolescents in modern society, whose unrealistic leisure activities account for the most part of their leisure time. These results suggest that marine sports contain sufficient positive values and possibilities as a sport for all, and the value as a sport for all could be realized which marine sports may have through active participation.