• 한국가금학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1992

The efficacy of B$_1$l live vaccine which is used successfully in chicken was examined against Newcastle disease in quails. A total of 480 male quails were divided into 4 groups, of which 3 groups were vaccinated via drinking water, eye instillation and spraying method and the remaining was employed as a nonvaccinated control group. At 3 weeks after the first vaccination a part of quails in each group was revaccinated. Efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated by the antibody responses and the protection rates after challenge with a virulent NDV. Vaccination of quails with $B_1$ NDV at 10 days of age resulted in beneficial effect compared to nonvaccinated group regardness of vaccination methods adopted although general protection rates were considerably low. Twice vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody responeses were significantly higher in groups of quails vaccinated by spray and eye instillation method than by drinking water administration. Antibody responses were marked at 2 weeks onward and until 5 to 7 weeks after vaccination. Antibody responses were rapid and marked after second vaccination. However, antibody level did not last longer than 5 to 7 weeks postvaccination. Vaccine caused no adverse effect on quails in terms of growth'rate, body temperature or clinical signs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10053-10056
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• 2015

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main aetiological agent for cervical cancer, one of the most frequent cancers observed in women throughout the world. There are effective programs for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer with HPV vaccination. The objective of this study was to discuss the applicability of the HPV vaccination and the role of nurses in prevention of cervical cancer. Use of bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines has been initiated against the types of HPV which are the primary cause of cancer. The quadrivalent HPV vaccination has entered into the routine vaccination schedule in many European countries for use in children and adolescents between 9-15 years of age and for women between 16-26 years of age, whereas it has been proposed that the bivalent vaccination should be given to girls between 9-18 years of age. While cervical cancer is among the cancers that can be prevented, it is essential to continue screening tests while introducing vaccination in a systematic manner for protection. On this subject, among the most important roles of nurses is to implement the screening programs by fulfilling the caregiving, training and consultancy roles for the society and especially, for high risk groups and to increase the awareness of the people.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

Influenza causes acute respiratory infections and various complications. Children in the high-risk group have higher complication and hospitalization rates than high-risk elderly individuals. Influenza prevention in children is important, as they can be a source infection spread in their communities. Influenza vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk children with chronic underlying circulatory and respiratory disease, immature infants, and children receiving long-term immunosuppressant treatment or aspirin. However, vaccination rates in these children are low because of concerns regarding the exacerbation of underlying diseases and vaccine efficacy. To address these concerns, many clinical studies on children with underlying respiratory diseases have been conducted since the 1970s. Most of these reported no differences in immunogenicity or adverse reactions between healthy children and those with underlying respiratory diseases and no adverse effects of the influenza vaccine on the disease course. Further to these studies, the inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine is recommended for children with underlying respiratory disease, in many countries. However, the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is not recommended for children younger than 5 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing. Influenza vaccination is contraindicated in patients with severe allergies to egg, chicken, or feathers, because egg-cultivated influenza vaccines may contain ovalbumin. There has been no recent report of serious adverse events after influenza vaccination in children with egg allergy. However, many experts recommend the trivalent influenza vaccine for patients with severe egg allergy, with close observation for 30 minutes after vaccination. LAIV is still not recommended for patients with asthma or egg allergy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2007

Purpose: The study was done to investigate factors in mothers related to their intention to get additional vaccination for their children aged $4{\sim}6$ years. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 858 mothers conveniently selected from a public health center in Seoul. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: The mothers got a high of 2.08 marks on intention to get additional vaccination. The intention was positively correlated to attitude, perceived benefits, self-efficacy and negatively to perceived barriers, parenting stress. The most significant variables was attitude, perceived benefits, self-efficacy and those three variables explained 42.7% of mother's intention for additional vaccination. Conclusion: The above mentioned findings were identified as significant factors affecting mother's intention for additional vaccination. The findings are expected to make a positive contribution to creating an ideal intervention and to promoting an increased vaccination rate.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine knowledge level of human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and vaccination status among Korean mothers' with a daughter in high school. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a convenience sample of 234 Korean mothers. Results: The mean score of HPV knowledge level was 4.21 out of 20, and cervical cancer knowledge was 3.88 out of 7. There were low levels of daughters' who received HPV vaccination (3.8%) and high levels of mothers' intention to get their daughters' vaccinated with HPV (85.0%). The major barrier to HPV vaccination was the concern for side effect from the vaccination. The most effective recommendation for HPV vaccination came from health care providers. Conclusion: HPV educational programs targeting mothers of daughters in high school is needed. Future studies need to determine actual HPV vaccination rates and factors related to high uptake using a larger sample from various socioeconomic background.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control toward Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on HPV vaccination intention in female high school students. Methods: Subjects of this study were female students aged 16 to 17 years, the optimal age group of HPV vaccination, arbitrarily selected from three high schools in B city. A total of 140 students agreed to participate in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control toward HPV were factors influencing HPV vaccination intention of subjects. Perceived behavior control toward HPV vaccination was the most influential factor. These factors accounted for 49% of HPV vaccination intention. Conclusion: These results suggest a need to increase perceived behavior control to increase HPV vaccination intention. The government needs to establish a national policy system such as financial support for HPV vaccines and free vaccinations so that students are aware that HPV vaccines can be easily inoculated.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the intention of HPV vaccination in 12-year-old female adolescents and their mothers. Method: A descriptive study was conducted with 64 HPV-unvaccinated female adolescents and their mothers in W city, Republic of Korea. Data collection was conducted from October to November in 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 24.0 Program. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent t-test, χ²-test and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Result: According to the results, 57.8% and 62.5% of female adolescents and mothers had the intentions of HPV vaccination, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis for the factors affecting female adolescents' and mothers' HPV vaccination intentions, there was no significant factor in female adolescents. In the case of mothers, the significant factors were cervical cancer knowledge and perceived disability. Conclusion: In order to increase the HPV vaccination rate, educational programs are needed to provide knowledge of cervical cancer. A variety of intervention strategies should be developed to decrease the perceived disability of HPV vaccination health beliefs.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권5_6호
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• pp.1089-1099
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• 2010

An SIR epidemic model with pulse vaccination and time delay describing infection period is investigated. The global attractiveness of the infection-free periodic solution is discussed, and sufficient condition is obtained for the permanence of the system. Our results indicate that a large vaccination rate or a short period of pulsing leads to the eradication of the disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.337-365
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• 1994

Rubella is a viral disease with mild constitutional symptoms and generalized rashes. In childhood, it is an inconsequential illness, but when it occurs during early pregnant period, there are significant risks of heart defects, cataract, mental retardation to the fetus. The series of congenital defects induced by rubella is called 'congenital rubella syndrome'. Many research have been performed to find out more effective prevention program on rubella. The objectives of this study are, first, to calculate the incidence rate of acute rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome in Korea, second, to evaluate economic efficiency of several rubella vaccination policies and to offer data for the most reasonable decision on vaccination policy. Study populations are 663,312 children of one year-old in 1992. The author has performed cost-benefit analyses according to the three vaccination policies-U.S.A.'s. U.K.'s and Sweden's. In this Study, the author got the incidence rate of acute rubella infection using the catalytic model. In the meantime, the author used 50 per 100,000 live births as the incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome. The discount rate used in this study was 5 percent per annum. The sensitivity analyses were done with different discount rates (4%, 7%) and different incidence rate of congenital rubella syndrome (10,100 per 100,000 live births) : The study results are as follows: 1. Without vaccination, lifetime expenditures per patient for acute rubella infeciton amount to 14,822 won and the total expenditures to about 3.1 billion won. Meanwhile, lifetime expenditures per patient for congenital rubella syndrome amount to about 91 million won and the total expenditures to about 16.3 billion won without vaccination. 2. The cost of vaccination for a child of one year old was 2,322 won and the total cost for the one year old children was about 1.5 billion won (American style). The cost for vaccination of female children at fifteen was about 339 million won (Birtish style). And the cost of vaccination at one for both sex and female children at fifteen was about 1.9 billion won (Swedish style). 3. The benefit to cost ratios of vaccination of female children at fifteen that is the british mode of rubella vaccination, was 60.0 at the level of 80% population coverage and 48.6 at 100% coverage. It shows much higher benefit to cost ratio than those of the other two vaccination policies. 4. Both net benefits of vaccination at one (American style) and that of vaccinations at one and fifteen (Swedish style) range from about 17.0 billion to 17.8 billion won, those were larger than that of vaccinations of female children at fifteen (Birtish style, about 16.0 billion). 5. In marginal cost-benefit analysis of only additional program of revaccination, the benefit to cost ratios were 3.6 (80% coverage rate) or 0.6 (100% coverage rate). It implies that additional program was less efficient or inefficient. 6. In sensitivity analysis with different discount rates(4% or 7%) and different incidence rates of congenital rubella syndrome (10 or 100 per 100,000 live births), the benefit to cost ratios has fluctuated in wide range. However, all the ratios of vaccination of female children at fifteen were higher than those of the others. Even under the most conservative assumption, the benefit to cost ratios of all the rubella vaccination policies were higher than 3.3. In conclusion, all the rubella vaccination policies found to be cost-effective and particularly the vaccination of female children at fifteen was strongly recommended.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.240-256
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• 1997

목 적 : 초등학생의 성별, 연령별, 예방 접종률, 접종 완성률, 접종 시기를 비교하고, 간염 표지자 양성률을 검토하여 경기도 지역에서 과거 15년 동안 영아, 유아 및 초등학생을 대상으로 병의원, 보건소 및 학교 등에서 실시한 B형 간염 예방 접종 실태를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1993년에 경기도 지역 초등학교 학생들을 집락 추출(cluster sampling)하여 실시하였다. 학교마다 각 학년별로 한 학급을 선정하여 총 2,072 명을 대상으로 혈청학적 검사와 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 성별 HBsAg 양성률은 남자 3.7%, 여자 2.7%였고, 평균 3.4%였다. 연령별 HBsAg 양성률은 7세 3.5%, 12세 5.2%로 연령이 증가함에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 2) 어머니들의 B형 간염 출산 전 수검율은 10.2%, 출산 후 수검율은 42.5% 였다. 부모의 학력이 높을수록, 아버지의 직업이 사무직인 경우에 출산 전, 출산 후 수검율이 높았다. 3) 전체 예방 접종률은 82.6%, 접종 완성률은 69.8%, 추가 접종률은 42.8%였다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 예방 접종률, 접종 완성률, 추가 접종률이 모두 감소하였다. 부모의 학력이 높을 수록 예방 접종률, 접종 완성률, 추가 접종률이 증가하였다. 연령이 어릴수록 1 세 미만에 접종한 비율이 증가하였고, 7세 이상에 접종한 비율은 감소하였다. 부모의 학력이 높을수록, 아버지의 직업이 사무직인 경우에 1세 미만에 접종한 비율이 높았다. 4) 예방 접종 시기에 따른 간염 표지자 양성률에서 HBsAg과 Anti-HBc 양성률은 1~6세, 7세 이후, 1 세 미만의 순서로 높았다. 접종회수가 증가함에 따라 Anti-HBs 양성률은 유의하게 증가하였다. 기본 3회 접종 후 5년째 된 군에서 Anti-HBs 양성률은 85.7%, 유효 역가율은 69.6% 로 가장 낮았다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과를 통하여 전체 접종률은 82.6%, 접종 완성률은 69.8% 로 아직 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 특히 부모의 학력이 낮고 아버지 직업의 사회적 지위가 낮은 계층은 출산 전 출산 후 산모의 HBV 수검율, 자녀의 백신 접종률, 접종 완성률이 모두 낮은 것으로 보아 의료 기관의 접근도가 떨어지고 예방 접종의 중요성에 대한 인식도 낮은 것으로 생각된다. 앞으로 B 형 간염 예방 접종 사업은 지속적인 보건 교육과 함께 이러한 사회적 지위가 낮은 계층 자녀의 접종률을 높이는 특별 관리 대책이 필요하리라 생각된다.