• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2008

The flowfield behind two cylinders and flow-induced noise generated from the cylinders in various arrangement are numerically investigated based on the finite difference lattice Boltzmann model with 21 velocity bits. which is introduced a flexible specific heat ${\gamma}$ to simulate diatomic gases like air. In an isolated cylinder with two type of mesh. some flow parameters such as Strouhal number $S_t$ and acoustic pressure ${\Delta}p$ simulated from the solution are given and quantitatively compared with those provided the previous works. The effects of the center-to-center pitch ratio $L_{cc}/d=2.0$ in staggered circular cylinders as shown in Fig. 1 and angles of incidence ${\alpha}=30^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d=0.5)$, $45^{\circ}(T_{cc}/d =0.707)$ and $60^{\circ}\;(T_{cc}/d=0.866)$, respectively, are studied. Our analysis focuses on the small-scale instabilities of vortex shedding, which occurs in staggered arrangement. With the results of drag $C_d$ and lift $C_l$ coefficients and vorticity contours. the mechanisms of the interference phenomenon and its interaction with the two-dimensional vortical structures are present in the flowfields under $Re\;{\le}\;200$. The results show that we successively capture very small pressure fluctuations, with the same frequency of vortex shedding, much smaller than the whole pressure fluctuation around pairs of circular cylinders. The upstream cylinder behaves like an isolated single cylinder, while the downstream one experiences wake-induced flutter. It is expected that, therefore, the relative position of the downstream cylinder has significant effects on the flow-induce noise, hydrodynamic force and vortex shedding characteristics of the cylinders.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.499-504
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• 2001

A validation of a 3D CFD model for predicting local subcooling of moderator in the vicinity of calandria tubes in a CANDU reactor is performed. The small scale moderator experiments performed at Sheridan Park Experimental Laboratory(SPEL) in Ontario, Canada[1] is used for the validation. Also a comparison is made between previous CFD analyses based on 2DMOTH and PHOENICS, and the current model analysis for the same SPEL experiment. For the current model, a set of grid structures for the same geometry as the experimental test section is generated and the momentum, heat and continuity equations are solved by CFX-4.3, a CFD code developed by AEA technology. The matrix of calandria tubes is simplified by the porous media approach. The standard $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model associated with logarithmic wall treatment and SIMPLEC algorithm on the body fitted grid are used and buoyancy effects are accounted for by the Boussinesq approximation. For the test conditions simulated in this study, the flow pattern identified is a buoyancy-dominated flow, which is generated by the interaction between the dominant buoyancy force by heating and inertial momentum forces by the inlet jets. As a result, the current CFD moderator analysis model predicts the moderator temperature reasonably, and the maximum error against the experimental data is kept at less than $2.0^{\circ}C$ over the whole domain. The simulated velocity field matches with the visualization of SPEL experiments quite well.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

후방보스단열재의 부담을 경감시키기 위해 전진 배치된 다중 핀 그레인 형상을 적용한 고체추진기관의 연소시험을 총 2회 수행하였다. 다만 분해 점검 시 후방보스단열재에 불균일 삭마패턴이 관찰되었다. 국부삭마와 광역삭마의 주기적인 반복을 정밀 계측하였으며, 전방 핀에서 유발된 불균등한 유동이 후방보스단열재에 부딪히면서 발생되는 2차원 유동 및 맴돌이 유동이 원인임을 확인하였다. 또한 후방 핀을 제거하여 평균유속과 편차를 저감시킴으로 후방보스단열재 건전성을 확보할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1980

G. melanogenus로부터 분리한 폴리올 탈수소 효소는 이미 알려진 바의 다른 폴리올 탈수소 효소와는 달리 조효소로서 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DPIP)와 같은 인위적 전자 수용체를 필수로 요구하고 있음으로 이 특수 효소의 반응메카니즘을 반응속도론적 연구를 통하여 규명코저 시도하였으며, 폴리올 산화반응에 대한 초기속도 측정실험과 효소반응 산물인 케토산에 의한 저해 실험을 통하여 이 반응은 Ping-Pong Bi-Bi형의 반응메카니즘으로 진행됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 두 기질 즉 포리올로서 D-mannitol 및 전자수용체로 DPIP가 효소에 의하여 반응이 진행될 경우 D-mannitol이 우선 효소와 작용하며 첫 반응산물로서 해당하는 케토산인 D-fructose가 생성될 것으로 기대되며 이 반응이 전체 반응속도를 조절하는 과정일 것이라고 추측하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2013

동영상에서 추출한 변수값을 은닉 마르코프 모델(Hidden Markov Model; HMM)에 적용한 새로운 낙상 인식 알고리듬을 제안한다. 개인간 낙상 양식의 차이나 유사 낙상을 실제 낙상과 구분하기 위한 기계 학습 방법으로 HMM알고리듬을 사용하였다. 비디오의 낙상 특징 변수를 얻기 위해 동영상의 광류를 구한 후 이를 주성분 분석 방식에 적용하여 움직임을 정량화하였다. 주성분 분석으로 얻어진 전체 움직임 벡터의 각도, 장단축의 비, 속도등의 조합으로 새로운 여러 종류의 낙상 특징 변수를 정의한 후 이를 HMM에 적용하여 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 이들 변수들 중에 각도에 의해 얻어진 변수가 가장 좋은 결과를 보여 본 실험에서 91.5%의 민감도(성공 감지율)와 88.01% 의 특이도(실패 감지율)를 나타내었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether therapeutic exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults. Methods: 30 patients were participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise, patients were evaluated by using One leg stand test which was static balance test, Berge balance test, Functional reach test and Get up and go test which was dynamic balance test. Finally Gait pattern were assessed by using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. The assessment parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. And we received a consent form from all patients. The data were analyzed by paired t-test for compare pre and after therapeutic exercise. Results: One leg stand test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Get Up and Go test was significantly decreased after than before therapeutic exercise. Functional Reach test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Burge Balance test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Stride length was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Cadence was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Velocity was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We thought that therapeutic exercise that is mat exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 1997

The behaviour of alloys in the semi-solid state strongly depends on the imposed stress state and on the morphology of the phase which can vary from dendritic to globular. To optimal net shape forging of semi-solid materials, it is important to investigate for filling phenomena in forging process of arbitrarily shaped dies. To produce a automotive part which has good mechanical property, the filling pattern according to die velocity and solid fraction distribution has to be estimated for arbitrarily shaped dies. Therefore, the estimation of filling characteristic in the forging simulation with arbitrarily shaped dies of semi-solid materials are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed theoretical model and a various boundary conditions for arbitrarily shaped dies is investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation process with arbitrarily shaped dies is performed to the isothermal conditions of two dimensional problems. To analysis of forging process by using semi-solid materials, a new stress-strain relationship is described, and forging analysis is performed by viscoelastic model for the solid phase and the Darcy's law for the liquid flow. The calculated results for forging force and filling limitations will be compared to experimental data. The filling simulation of simple products performed with the uniform billet temperature(584$^{\circ}C$) from the induction heating by the commercial package MAGMAsoft. The initial step of computation is the touching of semi-solid material with the end of die gate and the initial concept of proposed system just fit with the capability of MAGMAsoft.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.44-48
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• 1977

The spawning behavior and developmental pattern of the Korean eleotrid fish (Odontobutis obscurus) was investigated in one of the tributary of Han River. The spawining of this species begins on April and continues up to August, whereas, the spawning. of same species were between the end of June and the middle of July in Kyushu, Japan. August The spawning places were the margin of river, its the bottom composed of sand and pebble (Table 5). The velocity of water in the spawning places was 0-40cm/sec, and the depth of waters was 10-40cm. The egg was spawned on underside of stone in the spawning places with one or two folds and ellipsoid in shape, 3.4mm in long diameter and 2.0mm in short diameter. The yolk is 1.2mm in diameter and yellow in color. For hatching of the egg, it takes one month in, $16^{circ}C~19^{\circ}C$ water, in Japan, whereas it takes only 14 days in $20^{circ}C~30^{\circ}C$ wate rin the study area. The growth rate of larva and juvenile fish were as follows: new hatched larva is 45mm in length; after 5 days it became 5.0 to 5.5mm in length and 1.2 to 1.5mm in height after 20 days. it became 11.0mm in length and 2.3mm in length. The mean size of the mature female is 110mm in total length and larger 10mm than that of the same fish found in Japan.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.923-932
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 복합화력발전소 가스터빈 출구가스 안내덕트 내부의 가스유동장이 배열회수보일러 전열기구에 미치는 영향을 CFD기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 안내덕트 내부 난류흐름의 경우, 유속의 편차가 크고 선회 효과 및 상승류 현상이 심한 특징을 가지고 있음으로 이와 같은 유동의 수치해석을 위해 2개 방정식 난류점성 모델 중 RNG k-${\epsilon}$ 모델을 사용하였으며 유동장의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 배열 회수보일러 최종과열기관의 열전달특성변화를 파악하기 위하여 NTU 방식을 이용한 수치해석결과와, 산업계에서 적용하는 설계기법에 의한 결과를 비교하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2008

An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the heat/mass transfer for impingement/effusion cooling system with inclined jet. Jets with inclined angle of 60 are applied to impingement/effusion cooling. At the jet Reynolds number of 10,000, the experiments were carried out for blowing ratios ranging from 0.0 to 1.5. The local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate are measured using a naphthalene sublimation method. The result indicates that the inclined jet causes the non-uniform and low heat/mass transfer compared to the vertical jet. At stagnation region, the peak position is shifted from the geometrical center of injection hole due to Coanda effect and its level is higher than that of vertical jet due to increase in turbulence intensity by steep velocity gradient near the stagnation region. Further, the secondary peak region disappears because the interaction between adjacent wall jets weakens. When the initial crossflow occurs, the distorted heat/mass transfer pattern appears. As the blowing ratio (crossflow rate) increases, the heat/mass transfer distributions become similar to those of the vertical jet. This is because the effect of crossflow is dominant compared to that of inclined jet under high blowing ratio $(M{\geq}1.0)$. At low blowing ratio $(M{\leq}0.5)$, averaged Sh value is 10% lower than that of vertical jet, whereas its value at high blowing ratio $(M{\geq}1.0)$ is similar to that of vertical jet.