• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant activity and anti-immunological inflammatory effect of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum extracts (AVPEs). Antioxidant activities of AVPEs were determined by free radical scavenging assay and reducing power test. Leaf-part extract had comparatively better antioxidant activity than other-part extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts had protective effect for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against superoxide anions secreted from activated neutrophils. Also, we observed AVPEs had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to HUVEC monolayer to the basal level. Inhibitory effect on cell adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})-upregulated$ expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs. From these results, we expect to support the evidence of anti-immunological inflammatory effects of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum (AVP) as a Korean traditional pharmaceutical.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

Present review is built on base of research work on Ganoderma lucidum in our laboratory. A great deal of experimental evidence has suggested that the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) are related to anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging effects of polysaccharides and triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum in different oxidative injury models including tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)- damaged mice peritoneal macrophages, alloxan-induced diabetes, experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), D-galactosamine (DGal) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were investigated. It is also demonstrated that Lugu lingzhi, one of Ganoderma product, significantly inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by endothelial cells and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) induced by Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Lugulingzhi-treated serum could markedly inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-l) induced by ox-LDL and AGE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 1998

Background: In this study, we investigated the early time course of expression of the major histocompatibility(MHC) antigens, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), interleukin-6 and the histopathological changes in the coronary arteries of cardiac allografts exchanged between inbred mice strains that differ in one loci of class I major histocompatibility antigen (B10.BR to B10.A). Material and Method: No immunosuppressive therapy was used. Both allografts and the hearts of the recipients were harvested at 7(group 1, n=6), 15(group 2, n=6), 21(group 3, n=6), and 30(group 4, n=6) days after transplantation. They were examined by immunohistochemistry, microscopy and morphometry. All allografts had contractions at the time of harvest. Result: A strong MHC class I antigen expression was present on the endothelial and medial cells of the coronary arteries in group 1 and remained unchanged in the rest of the groups. However, MHC class II reactivity was none or very little at any time. Mild to moderate ICAM-1 expression was observed on the endothelial cells, but not on the medial cells at any time by 30 days. VCAM-1 expression was strong both on the endothelial and medial cells at any time. Moderate degree expression of interleukin-6 was observed from 7 to 30 day specimens. Histopathologically, percentage of affected vessels(vessels with intimal thickening) was less than 10 % in 7 day group and increased up to 50 % at 30 days. Mean percent narrowing of the lumen of the affected vessels revealed less than 20 % at 7 days and 40 % at 30 days. The area occupied by tropomyosin positive cells in the intimal lesion, graded from 0 to 3, showed gradual increase but remained between grade 0 to 1 by 30 days. Medial integrity was also well preserved at any time. Moderate perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration was observed at 7 days and it was progressively increased upto 30 days. Recipients' heart revealed no positive immunopathologic findings. Conclusion: In this study, the early time course of progression of the transplantation vasculopathy was demonstrated in the murine heterotopic heart transplant model.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

Periodontal disease is a major oral disorder and comprises a group of infections that lead to inflammation of the gingiva and the destruction of periodontal tissues. $PPAR{\gamma}$ plays an important role in the regulation of several metabolic pathways and has recently been implicated in inflammatory response pathways. However, its effects on periodontal inflammation have yet to be clarified. In our current study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of $PPAR{\gamma}$ on periodontal disease. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed high levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and -9 (MMP-9). Moreover, these cells also showed upregulated activities for extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygnase-2. However, cells treated with Ad/$PPAR{\gamma}$ and rosiglitazone in same culture system showed reduced ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-2, -9 and COX-2. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of $PPAR{\gamma}$ appear to be mediated via the suppression of the ERK1/2 pathway and consequent inhibition of NF-kB translocation. Our present findings thus suggest that $PPAR{\gamma}$ indeed has a pivotal role in gingival inflammation and may be a putative molecular target for future therapeutic strategies to control chronic periodontal disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.153-165
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• 2010

Objectives : The aims of this study were to investigate the cytoprotective, antioxidative and inflammation genes inhibitory effects of Patriniae Radix on the mouse LLC-$PK_1$ cells (renal epithelial cells). Methods : The cytoprotective effect of Patriniae Radix was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The antioxidative effect was measured in terms of generation amount of superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}{O_2}^-$) by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), nitric oxide (NO) by 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) by dihyldrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) by $PGE_2$ immunoassay on $H_2O_2$-treated LLC-$PK_1$ cells. For measuring of inflammation genes inhibitory effects, western blot was performed to detect IKK-$\alpha$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$ and VCAM-1 protein level in cytosol fractions from LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Results : Patriniae Radix extract reduced the $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and inhibited the amount of $H_2O_2$-induced ${\cdot}{O_2}^-$, NO, $ONOO^-$, $PGE_2$ generation dose-dependently on the mouse LLC-$PK_1$ cells in vitro. Also Patriniae Radix extract inhibited the expression of IKK-$\alpha$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1\beta$ and VCAM-1 genes dose-dependently by means of decreasing activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. Conclusions : According to above results, it was identified that Patriniae Radix had the cytoprotective, antioxidative and inflammation genes inhibitory effects. So it was suggested that Patriniae Radix would be effective to the treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the effect of BUM aqua-acupuncture in treating the RA, the immunosis to logical analysis of LPS induced arthritis in mice to study this. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribution of fibroblast, collagen, CD54(ICAM-1), CD106(VCAM-1), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2 receptor, CDl lb(macrophage) were examined on synovial capsule of mice knee joint. For 14th day after the injection of LPS & BUM injection, the distribucion of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell), CD40(B cell) were examined on common iliac lymph node in mice. Methods : The experimental model of arthritis was induced by injection of 300${\mu}g$/kg LPS in BALB/c mice weighing 30g. The 100${\mu}l$ BUM aqua-acupuncture which compounded calculus bovis, fel ursi and moschus was injected into GB34 of mice every other day for 12 days. For 3rd, 7th, 14th day after the injection of LPS, the neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocytc counts in WBC were measured using hemacytometer. Results : The obstain results are summarized as follows ; 1. In sample group, the neutrophils counts were increased and the lympnocytes counts were decreased compared with control group. 2. The distribution of fibrosis & fibroblast on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 3. The distribution of collagen fiber on synovial membrane were decreased compared' with control group. 4. The distribution of CD54(ICAM-1) & CD106(VCAM-1) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 5. The distribution of IL-$1{\beta}$ & IL-2 receptor on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 6. The distribution of CDb(macrophage) on synovial membrane were decreased compared with control group. 7. The distribution of CD4(TH cell), CD8(TC cell) and CD40(B cell) in common iliac lymph nodes were decreased compared with control group. Conclusions : BUM aqua-acupuncture stimulation decreased inflammatory responses LPS induced arthritis in mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

Ginsenoside Rg5, one of the protopanaxadiol ginsenosides of wood-cultivated ginseng, has been implicated in various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and hypertension; however, its angiogenic activity and molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that wood-cultivated ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg5 increase in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation, which are typical phenomena associated with angiogenesis, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, Ginsenoside Rg5 stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which are well-known signal mediators of the angiogenic pathway. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rg5 did not accelerate the activation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 which are inflammatory response mediators. These results suggest that wood-cultivated ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg5 stimulated in vitro angiogenesis by activating the Akt/eNOS- and ERK1/2-dependent signal pathways without inducing vascular inflammation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.61-77
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• 2004

Present review is built on base of research work on Ganoderma lucidum in our laboratory. A great deal of experimental evidence has suggested that the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum(Lingzhi) are related to anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging effects of polysaccharides and triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum in different oxidative injury models including tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)- damaged mice peritoneal macrophages, alloxan-induced diabetes, experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC14), D-galactosamine (DGal) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides(LPS) were investigated. It is also demonstrated that Lugu lingzhi, one of Ganoderma product, significantly inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by endothelial cells and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) induced by Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced glycation endproducts(AGE). Lugulingzhi-treated serum could markedly inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-1) induced by ox-LDL and AGE.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2008

Zinc plays a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis but the clear mechanism has not been proposed yet. In the present study, we evaluated whether zinc modulates atherosclerotic markers, VACM-1 and ICAM-1 and cell viability both in endothelial cells in vitro and mouse aortic cell viability ex vivo. In study 1, as in vitro model, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were treated with $TNF{\alpha}$ for 5 hours for inducing oxidative stress, and then treated with Zn-adequacy ($15\;{\mu}M$ Zn) or Zn-deficiency ($0\;{\mu}M$ Zn) for 6 hours. Pro-atherosclerosis factors, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression and cell viability was measured. In study 2, as ex vivo model, mouse aorta ring was used. Mourse aorta was removed and cut in ring then, cultured in a 96-well plate. Aortic ring was treated with various $TNF{\alpha}$ (0-30 mg/ml) and intracellular zinc chelator, N, N, N', N', -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN, $0-30\;{\mu}M$) for cellular zinc depletion for 2 days and then cell viability was measured. The results showed that in in vitro study, Zn-adequate group induced more VCAM-1 & ICAM-1 mRNA expression than Zn-deficient group during 6-hour zinc treatment post-5 hour TNF-$\alpha$ treatment, unexpectedly. These results might be cautiously interpreted that zinc would biologically induce the early expression of anti-oxidative stress through the increased adhesion molecule expression for reducing atherosclerotic action, particularly under the present 6-hour zinc treatment. In ex vivo, mouse aortic ring cell viability was decreased as TNF-$\alpha$ and TPEN levels increased, which suggests that mouse aortic blood vessel cell viability was decreased, when oxidative stress increases and cellular zinc level decreases. Taken together, it can be suggested that zinc may have a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis by cell viability in endothelial cells and aorta tissue. Further study is needed to clarify how pro-atherosclerosis molecule expression is modulated by zinc.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2007

Anti-angiogenesis and anti-cell adhesion effects were investigated with different dose of Camellia japonica leaf (CJL) extract for applying anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and anti-obesity. Cytotoxicity on HUVECs was very low at 200 ug/mL of CJL-extract. Anti-angiogenic ratio at increasing dose of 1.5 ug/mL, 3.0 ug/mL, 15 ug/mL and 30 ug/mL was showed 30.7%, 38.5%, 53.8%, and 70.0%, respectively. Also, anti-cell adhesion effect at concentration of $50{\mu}g{/well},\;100{\mu}g{/well}\;and\;200{\mu}g{/well}$ was expressed on E-selectin by 46.7%, 66.7%, and 86.76%, on VCAM-1, 23.0%, 61.5%, and 84.6%, and on ICAM-1, 11%, 55.5%, and 88.8%, respectively. For inquiring anti-angiogenesis mechanism, when western blot was performed with different dose of CJL extract, signal molecules of VEGFR-2, $\beta$-catenin and PI3-K were suppressed. As the signal transduction from VEGFR-2, $\beta$-catenin and PI3-K to NF-${\kappa}$B was interupted, angiogenesis could not be occurred causing not activated NF-kB. C. japonica leaf (CJL) is a useful herb for developing therapeutics of angiogenesis related diseases such as cancer, metastasis, rheumathioid arthritis and obesity.