• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy using vaginal brachytherapy (VB) with a lower dose per fraction and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following surgery for patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 43 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I endometrial cancer who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery between March 2000 and April 2014. Of these, 25 received postoperative VB alone, while 18 received postoperative EBRT to the whole pelvis; 3 of these were treated with EBRT plus VB. The median EBRT dose was 50.0 Gy (45.0-50.4 Gy) and the VB dose was 24 Gy in 6 fractions. Tumor dose was prescribed at a depth of 5 mm from the cylinder surface and delivered twice per week. Results: The median follow-up period for all patients was 57 months (range, 9 to 188 months). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 92.5% and 95.3%, respectively. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed according to risk factors and stage IB, grade 3 and lymphovascular invasion were observed more frequently in the EBRT group. Five-year DFS for EBRT and VB alone were 88.1% and 96.0%, respectively (p = 0.42), and 5-year OS for EBRT and VB alone were 94.4% and 96%, respectively (p = 0.38). There was no locoregional recurrence in any patient. Two patients who received EBRT and 1 patient who received VB alone developed distant metastatic disease. Two patients who received EBRT had severe complications, one each of grade 3 gastrointestinal complication and pelvic bone insufficiency fracture. Conclusion: Adjuvant radiotherapy achieved high DFS and OS with acceptable toxicity in stage I endometrial cancer. VB (with a lower dose per fraction) may be a viable option for selected patients with early-stage endometrial cancer following surgery.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 1996

본 실험은 비중선으로 종자밀도를 5등급으로 세분한 뒤 각 등급별 유묘의 유관속 발달 및 생육 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 인디카형인 IR58과 자포니카형인 운봉7호를 공시하여 수해한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종자의 밀도가 1.00이하에서 1.20이상으로 높아질수록 유묘의 엽신과 엽초에 발달된 유관속수와 크기가 증가하는 경향이었다. IR58은 운봉7호보다 유관속수와 크기가 양호하게 발달하였다. 2. 유묘의 생육특성인 초장, 엽수, 근수 및 근장은 종자의 밀도가 1.20이상까지 높아질수록 증가하였다. 3. 엽신과 엽초에 발달된 유관속수는 건물중과 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 제4, 5엽신의 대유관속수는 엽신폭과 유의한 정상관을 보였다. 4. 종자의 밀도가 높아질수록 유묘의 유관속 발육을 좋게 하며 양수분의 원활한 이동으로 인하여 생육이 양호하게 건묘육성에 바람직하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.2948-2957
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• 2000

B-ISDN 환경에서 액세스 망은 다양한 유형의 가입자들을 서비스 노드로 집선하는 기능을 수행한다. 종단간 ATM 연결의 설정을 위하여 엑세스 망의 연결 제어 프로토콜과 신호 프로토콜간의 연동 기능이 필요하다. 이러한 연동 기능은 연동 방식에 따라 순차형 연동방식과 병렬형 연동 방식이 있다. 순차형 방식에서는 각 프로토콜의 연동이 순차적인 방식으로 진행되며, 병렬형 방식은 광대역 액세스 망의 도입으로 인한 연결 설정 지연을 최소화하기 위하여 각 프로토콜의 연동 절차가 병렬형으로 진행된다. 본 논문에서는 CBR과 VBR 전달 능력을 요구하는 호들이 혼합되어 입력될 때, 큐잉 모델 분석 및 시뮬레이션을 통하여 연결 설정 지연 및 완료비에 대한 두 방식의 비교 및 분석을 수행하였다. 큐잉 모델을 분석 및 시뮬레이션 결과 병렬형 연동 방식과 순차형 연동 방식의 연결 설정 완료비는 거의 동일하며, 연결 설정 지연 면에서 병렬형 연동 방식이 순차형 방식에 비해 약 33% 향상되었다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.5-27
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• 2010

This paper studies the relation between canonical/variegated babble (CB/VB) and early speech in an infant acquiring Mandarin Chinese from 9 to 17 months. The infant was audio-and video-taped in her home almost every week. The data analyzed here come from 1,621 utterances extracted from 23 sessions ranging from 30 minutes to one hour, from age 00:09;07 to 01:05;27. The data was digitized, and segments from 23 sessions were transcribed in narrow IPA and coded for analysis. Babble was coded from age 00:09;07 to 01:00;00, and words were coded from 01:00;00 to 01:05;27, proto-words appeared at 11 months, and some babble was still present after 01:10;00. 3821 segments were counted in CB/VB utterances, plus the segments found in 899 word tokens. The data transcription was completed and checked by the author and was rechecked by two other researchers who majored in Chinese phonetics in order to ensure the reliability, we reached an agreement of 95.65%. Mandarin Chinese is phonetically very rich in consonants, especially affricates: it has aspirated and unaspirated stops in labial, alveolar, and velar places of articulation; affricates and fricatives in alveolar, retroflex, and palatal places; /f/; labial, alveolar, and velar nasals; a lateral;[h]; and labiovelar and palatal glides. In the child's pre-speech phonetic repertoire, 7 different consonants and 10 vowels were transcribed at 00:09;07. By 00:10;16, the number of phones was more than doubled (17 consonants, 25 vowels), but the rate of increase slowed after 11 months of age. The phones from babbling remained active throughout the child's early and subsequent speech. The rank order of the occurrence of the major class types for both CB and early speech was: stops, approximants, nasals, affricates, fricatives and lateral. As expected, unaspirated stops outnumbered aspirated stops, and front stops and nasals were more frequent than back sounds in both types of utterances. The fact that affricates outnumbered fricatives in the child's late babble indicates the pre-speech influence of the ambient language. The analysis of the data also showed that: 1) the phonetic characteristics of CB/VB and early meaningful speech are extremely similar. The similarities of CB/VB and speech prove that the two are deeply related; 2) The infant has demonstrated similar preferences for certain types of sounds in the two stages; 3) The infant's babbling was patterned at segmental level, and this regularity was similarly evident in the early speech of children. The three types being coronal plus front vowel; labial plus central and dorsal plus back vowel exhibited much overlap in the phonetic forms of CB/ VB and early speech. So the child's CB/ VB at this stage already shared the basic architecture, composition and representation of early speech. The evidence of similarity between CB/VB and early speech leaves no doubt that phones present in CB/VB are indeed precursors to early speech.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2007

Marine bacterial strains were isolated trom coastal regions of Goa and screened for the strains that produce the highest amount of mucous expolysaccharide (EPS). Our screening resulted in the identification of the strain Vibrio furnissii VB0S3 (hereafter called VB0S3), as it produced the highest EPS in batch cultures during the late logarithmic growth phase. The isolate was identified as VB0S3 based on morphological and biochemical properties. Growth and EPS production were studied in mineral salts medium supplemented with NaCl (1.5%) and glucose (0.2%). The exopolymer was recovered from the culture supernatant by using three volumes of cold ethanol precipitation and dialysis procedure. Chemical analyses of EPS revealed that it is primarily composed of neutral sugars, uronic acids, and proteins. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide groups, which correspond to a typical heteropolymeric polysaccharide, and the EPS also possessed good emulsification activity. The gas chromatographic analysis of an alditol-acetate derivatized sample of EPS revealed that it was mainly composed of galactose and glucose. Minor components found were mannose, rhamnose, fucose, ribose, arabinose, and xylose. EPS was readily isolated from culture supernatants, which suggests that the EPS was a slime-like exopolysaccharide. This is the first report of exopolysaccharide characterization that describes the isolation and characterization of an EPS expressed by Vibrio surnissii strain VB0S3. The results of the study contribute significantly and go a long way towards an understanding of the correlation between growth and EPS production, chemical composition, and industrial applications of the exopolysaccharide in environmental biotechnology and bioremediation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. Between June 2001 and December 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital and were examined for T. vaginalis infection by PCR and culture in TYM medium. For the PCR, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Voided bladder urine (VB1 and VB3) was sampled from 33 men with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (urethral charge, residual urine sensation, and frequency). Culture failed to detect any T. vaginalis infection whereas PCR identified 7 cases of trichomoniasis (21.2%). Five of the 7 cases had been diagnosed with prostatitis and 2 with urethritis. PCR for the 5 prostatitis cases yielded a positive 330 bp band from bothVB1 and VB3, whereas positive results were only obtained from VB1 for the 2 urethritis patients. We showed that the PCR method could detect T. vaginalis when there was only 1 T. vaginalis cell per PCR mixture. Our results strongly support the usefulness of PCR on urine samples for detecting T. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis and urethritis patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.10
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. Materials and Methods: Thirty canals with $20^{\circ}-45^{\circ}$ of curvature from extracted human molars were used. Root canal instrumentation was performed with VB, PTN, and PTU files up to #30.06, X3, and F3, respectively. Changes in root canal volume before and after the instrumentation, and the amount and direction of canal transportation at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the root apex were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Data of canal volume change were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, while data of amount and direction of transportation were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: There were no significant differences among 3 groups in terms of canal volume change (p > 0.05). For the amount of transportation, PTN showed significantly less transportation than PTU at 3 mm level (p = 0.005). VB files showed no significant difference in canal transportation at all 3 levels with either PTN or PTU files. Also, VB files showed unique inward transportation tendency in the apical area. Conclusions: Other than PTN produced less amount of transportation than PTU at 3 mm level, all 3 file systems showed similar level of canal volume change and transportation, and VB file system could prepare the curved canals without significant shaping errors.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2018

용담 신품종 '스카이호프(Skyhope)'는 청색 꽃을 가진 가진 Jinbu-1와 Jinbu-4호를 2000년에 교배하여 선발하였다. 화색은 진한 청색(VB 96A)으로 '횡계1호(VB96B)'보다 진했으며, 꽃잎에 반점이 없다. 꽃대 줄기는 자주색을 띠며 잎 모양은 피침형이다. 꽃은 밤에 반폐쇄형이고 위와 아래에서 거의 동시 개화하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 초장은 68.1 cm 정도이고, 화경수도 5.3개로 적었으며, 화단수와 화수는 각각 5.9개, 32.2개로 나타났다. 개화는 7월 상순부터 하순까지 하였으며, 전 지역에서 '횡계 1호'보다 15-20일 정도 빠르게 피었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VB) following radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer patients with involved vaginal resection margin (VRM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21 patients treated with postoperative EBRT and VB for positive VRM FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer between 2003 and 2015. Concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy was administered to all patients. Results: The median whole pelvis EBRT dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 45 to 50.4 Gy). In the VB, the median dose per fraction, number of fractions, and total dose delivered were: 4 Gy (range, 3.0 to 4.0 Gy), 4 fractions (range, 3 to 5 fractions), and 16 Gy (range, 12 to 20 Gy), respectively. At a median follow-up of 46 months (range, 9 to 122 months), local recurrence was observed in 2 patients, and distant metastasis was present in 7 patients. All patients with local recurrence subsequently developed distant metastases. The 5-year local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were 89.1%, 65.9%, and 62.9%, respectively. Of the 21 patients, 7 patients (33.3%) reported grade 2 acute toxicity; however, there were no grade 3 or higher acute adverse events. Grade 1-2 late toxicities were observed in 8 patients. Late grade 3 urinary toxicity was reported in 1 patient. Conclusions: Adjuvant EBRT and VB showed excellent local control and low toxicity in cervical cancer patients with positive VRM. Although limited by its retrospective nature, the findings from our study provide evidence supporting the use of additional VB in pathologically involved VRM.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2012

본 연구는 단순 가공 식재료 개발의 고부가가치와 국내산식품 재료의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 구아바잎 분말과 콜라비 등을 이용하여 급식소에서 이용 가능한 국, 탕용 구아바 채소 완자를 개발하여 저장 중 미생물학적 및 품질 특성을 측정하였다. 구아바잎 분말을 첨가하지 않은 대조군(control)과 첨가한 구아바잎 채소 완자(VB)의 명도(lightness) 측정 결과, 구아바잎을 첨가할수록 명도는 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 적색도(redness)와 황색도(yellowness)는 대조군을 제외한 첨가군시료에서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 구아바 채소 완자의 경도(hardness)의 범위는 1,175~1,600($g/cm^3$)이었으며, 구아바잎 분말을 첨가한 채소 완자가 대조군에 비하여 경도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 탄력성(springness), 부착성(cohesiveness)은 구아바잎 분말을 첨가할수록 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. DPPH, ABTS 활성 모두 대조군에 비하여 구아바잎 첨가군이 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 항산화 활성능 역시 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 관능적 특성 결과, 맛(taste), 향미(flavor), 전반적인 바람직성(overall preference) 항목에서구아바잎분말0.1% 첨가한 구아바 채소 완자가 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 1% 첨가군은 낮은 기호도를 나타냈다. 구아바 채소 완자의 저장 기간 중 품질 특성을 조사한 결과, 산가의 변화에서는 구아바잎 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 산가는 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮아졌으며, 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차 증가함을 보였다. 산가의 실험 결과와 마찬가지로 대조군의 과산화물가와 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 구아바잎 첨가 채소 완자의 산패 억제 효과를 나타내었다. TBA가는 대조군과 0.1% 첨가군의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 구아바잎 0.3% 이상 첨가한 채소 완자는 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 총호기성 균은 저장 기간 동안 낮은 수준의 균이 검출되었으며(5.00 log CFU/g 미만), 효모 및 곰팡이는 구아바잎 분말을 첨가한 채소 완자에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 관능적인 부분과 항산화 효과를 동시에 부여할 수 있는 구아바잎을 첨가한 채소 완자의 제조가 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 국내 외식 및 급식업체용 단순 가공 식품 재료로 구아바잎 0.1%를 첨가한 채소 완자가 최적으로 판단되며, 구아바 채소 완자의 냉장 보관 시 안전한 저장 기간은 최대 8일이다.