• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1985

The effect of potash applied with different sources of nitrogen was experimented in pot soil culture on chinese cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis Rupr, Var. Fall 1984: Sammi Garak, Spring 1985: Jungang Summer lab.) in the fall, 1984 and in the spring, 1985. Results obtained are as follows; 1. Ammonium nitrate increased the yield of chinese cabbage more than urea did, and the effect of yield increase by ammonium nitrate was greater in the fall cultivation than in the spring. 2. The yield of chinese cabbage was positively correlated with the contents of K in the first (May 17, 1985) and second (June 9, 1985) thined cabbages (dry matter). It was also positively correlated with $NO_3-N$ content of the first thined cabbage and with K/Ca+Mg m.e, ratio of outer leaves of the harvested (June 27, 1985) cabbage, but negatively affected with Mg content of the outer leaves. 3. Correlations between K and $NO_3-N$ contained in the dry matter of first and second thined, and inner leaves of the harvested cabbage were learnt to be $r;0.9998^{**}$, r;0.4439, and $r;-0.7135^*$ respectively. The higher $NO_3-N$ content in the inner leaves of harvested cabbage was observed at K omitted ammonium nitrate plot where K was deficient, Ca and Mg contents were low. 4. The nutrient absorption and growth of chinese cabbage may take the following process. Nitrate nitrogen increases vegetative growth of the plant with enhanced K uptake and movement in to inner leaves and followed by replacement of Ca uptake and finally Mg uptake and its movement in to inner leaves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects on plant growth, soil chemical properties and microbial flora with microbial fertilizer to chinese cabbage cultivation. The plant growth was promoted and the yield increased by application of Tian Li Bao(TLB) microbial fertilizer as compared with the control. However, yield a littler decreased in case of the reduced amount of urea application as a top dressing and half of compost chicken manure as a basial fertilizer even if treated with TLB microbial fertilizer. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents decreased as compared to those in the control, and total nitrogen ranged in 0.76~1.44% in the treatments at harvesting time, and decreased with application of TLB microbial fertilizer compared to that of the control. The available phosphorus content in the field before experiment was 559ppm, but it was 755ppm and 653 in the control and treatments at harvesting time, respectively. Therefore, it was shown that phosphorus content in the treatment was lower than that of the control. On the other hand, total nitrogen, phosphorous and K ranged from 2.62 to 2.94%, from 1.48 to 1.55% and from 3.60 to 4.38% in plants after harvest, respectively. There were no significant differences among the treatments. For the soil microbial flora, the population of bacteria in the treatments decreased with application of microbial fertilizer as compared with the control over all cultivation periods. It was shown that the population of pseudomonas spp. was over 3 times higher than that of the control after harvesting. The population of actinomycetes didn't show difference among the treatments, but high density of fungi after harvesting were observed in the treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2000

The reasonable level of nitrogen fertilizer of Gyokuro tea which is producted fresh leaves plucked from shade tea plants is a key factor to increase crop yield and quality. Nitrogen were applied at the level to 60, 80, 100 and $120kg\;10a^{-1}$. Analytical results of yield and quality of Gyokuro tea are summarized as follows : The soil fertility of experimental field was higher in organic matter($59.8g\;kg^{-1}$) and available phosphate($1,285mg\;kg^{-1}$), but lower in pH(4.79) compared to the common field. As the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was increased to $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, the yield of tea leaves, the content of total nitrogen, total amino acid, caffeine and chlorophyll were increased. However, the yield of tea leaves was not increased above $100kg\;10a^{-1}$ and the increased level of nitrogen fertilizer did not show any different in the content of tannin and vitamin C. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was raised, the content of thiamine and arginine increased, but the content of aspartic acid, serine and glutamic acid decreased. The content of fatty acid was produced $2.850{\sim}3.012mg\;100g^{-1}$ Especially, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid was higher at the level of $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ application than other treatments. As nitrogen was applied at $80kg\;10a^{-1}$, sensory score was 0.2~4.6 point higher than other treatments. Consequently, $80kg\;10a^{-1}$ is considered to be the best level of nitrogen fertilizer both quality and crop yield.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.456-463
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of granular type of silicate fertilizer on watermelon growth, yield, and characteristics of soil in the greenhouse. Four different levels of silicate fertilizer, 0(control), 600, 1,200, $1,800kg\;ha^{-1}$ were applied for experiment. The silicate fertilizer was applied as a basal fertilization before transplanting watermelon. Compost and basal fertilizers were applied based on the standard fertilizer recommendation rate with soil testing. All of the recommended $P_2O_5$ and 50% of N and $K_2O$ were applied as a basal fertilization. The N and $K_2O$ as additional fertilization was split-applied twice by fertigation method. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) cultivar was 'Sam-Bok-KKuol and main stem was from rootstock (bottle gourd: Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) 'Bul-Ro-Jang-Sang'. The watermelon was transplanted on April, 15. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphate and exchangeable K, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ levels increased compared to the control, while EC was similar and the concentrations of soil organic matter decreased. Physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density and porosity were not different among treatments. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for silicate treatment than the control, while number of node was shorter than the control. Merchantable watermelon increased by 3-5% compared to the control and sugar content was 0.4 to $0.7^{\circ}Brix$ higher than the control. These results suggest that silicate fertilizer application in the greenhouse can improve some chemical properties of soils and watermelon stem diameter and dry weight, which are contributed to watermelon quality and marketable watermelon production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.578-584
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the potential of 70% ethanol extracts from wild edible plants (Pueraria lobata sprout, Rosa multiflora sprout, Artemisia princeps leaf, Diospyros kaki leaf, Morus alba leaf, Robinia pseudoacacia flower, Inula britannica var. japonica flower), as natural antioxidants. The antioxidant contents and activities of extracts were examined using various methods. The measurements of total polyphenol content revealed that Rosa multiflora sprout extract had the highest value and total flavonoid content showed that Diospyros kaki leaf extract had the highest value. Antioxidant activities were the highest in Rosa multiflora sprout for DPPH (IC₅₀ 232.52 ㎍/mL), ABTS⁺ (IC₅₀ 470.10 ㎍/mL), superoxide^- (IC₅₀ 431.88 ㎍/mL), nitrite (IC₅₀ 363.38 ㎍/mL) scavenging activity, and reducing power (2.47 O.D.). These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Rosa multiflora sprout is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.715-731
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disorder characterized by repeated emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms before menstruation, and the exact cause and mechanism are uncertain. Hyperprolactinemia interferes with the normal production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to PMS symptoms. Thus, we judged that the inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion could mitigate PMS symptoms. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hordeum vulgare L. extract (HVE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum extract (CZE), and Lomens-P0 the mixture of these extracts were tested in subsequent experiments. The effect of extracts on prolactin secretion at the in vitro level was measured in GH3 cells. Nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory mediator expression were measured in RAW 264.7 cells to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the hyperprolactinemic Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice model was used to measure extract effects on prolactin and hormone secretion and uterine inflammation. RESULTS: Anti-inflammatory effects of and prolactin secretion suppress by HVE and CZE were confirmed through in vitro experiments (P < 0.05). Treatment with Lomens-P0 inhibited prolactin secretion (P < 0.05) and restored normal sex hormone secretion in the hyperprolactinemia mice model. In addition, extracts significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-1𝛽, and -6, tumor necrosis factor-𝛼, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (P < 0.01). We used high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to identify tricin and chlorogenic acid as the respective components of HVE and CZE that inhibit prolactin secretion. The Lomens-P0, which includes tricin and chlorogenic acid, is expected to be effective in improving PMS symptoms in the human body. CONCLUSIONS: The Lomens-P0 suppressed the prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinemia mice, normalized the sex hormone imbalance, and significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers in uterine tissue. This study suggests that Lomens-P0 may have the potential to prevent or remedy materials to PMS symptoms.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2020

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms promote plant growth by supplying nutrients to roots and interacting with the intrinsic factors in plants through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we evaluated the effect of UOS, plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) isolated from previous study, on the growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Xanthi nc. Phylogenetic analysis and GC-MS were used to identify the fungal species and the VOCs emitted by the UOS, respectively. The fresh weight of UOS-treated Nicotiana tabacum L. was 3.8 and 4.2-fold higher than that of the control groups grown in vertical and I-plates, respectively. Moreover, in the UOS-treated plants, the length of the primary root was half and the number of lateral roots were twice compared to those in control plants. The UOS was identified as Phoma sp. by studying spore and mycelial morphology and using phylogenetic analysis. GC-MS revealed that the VOC emitted by the UOS was hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3). These results suggest that the UOS of Phoma sp. influences plant growth and root development through D3. We expect this UOS and its VOC, D3 to be utilized in the future to increase growth and enhance yield for other plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2021

Pinus densiflora is an essential tree species native to the Republic of Korea (ROK) and covers most of the total natural forest areas in the ROK. This study was conducted to understand the site characteristics and stand structure of P. densiflora forests distributed at sites where P. densiflora covered over 50% of the stand basal area during the 7th National Forest Inventory (NFI) period from 2016 to 2020. P. densiflora dominated 3,665 circular sample plots (400 m²). P. densiflora forests predominated at elevations less than 600 m above sea level (a.s.l). However, most P. densiflora forests were distributed at the slopes facing south and west over 800 m a.s.l. At altitudes below 800 m, they were distributed at all slopes but dominated at the southern and western slopes. P. densiflora grew mainly in the soils of sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with relative infertility. Dominant tree species distributed with P. densiflora were Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Prunus serrulata var. pubescens and Castanea crenata by the descending order. P. densiflora, P. thunbergii, and P. rigida were grown in large DBH classes, Quercus species and Fraxinus rhynchophylla in middle DBH classes, while Juniperus rigida and Styrax japonicus in small DBH classes. Dominant tree species distributed mainly at the lower layer of P. densiflora stands were Rhododendron mucronulatum, Q. serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Toxicodendron trichocarpum and Rhododendron schlippenbachii by the descending order.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.448-456
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• 2011

We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) combined with mirror orientation selection (MOS) method to screen differentially expressed genes from red-fleshed kiwifruit 'Hongyang'. As a result, the 288 clones were obtained by subcloning PCR product and 192 clones that showed positive clones on colony PCR analysis were selected. All the positive clones were sequenced. After comparisons with the NCBI/Genbank database using the BLAST search revealed that 30 clones showed sequence similarity to genes from other organisms; 10 clones showed significant sequence similarity to known genes. Among these clones, 3 clones (AcF21, AcF42 and AcF106) had sequence homology to 1-aminicyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACC)-oxidase (ACO) that known to be related to fruit ripening. The expression patterns of differentially expressed genes were further investigated to validate the SSH data by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qReal-time PCR) analysis. All the data from qReal-time PCR analysis coincide with the results obtained from RT-PCR analysis. Three clones were expressed at higher levels in 'Hongyang' than 'Hayward'. AcF21 was highly expressed in the other genes at 120 days after full bloom (DAFB) and 160 DAFB of 'Hongyang'.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2019

In order to evaluate the taxonomical relevance of seeds morphological characteristics, a macroand micro-morphological study was conducted on seeds of Korean Vicia (Fabacea). We collected 19 taxa of genus Vicia distributed in Korea and introduced one taxa from USDA. The morphological characteristic and testa texture of seeds were investigated using a Stereo-microscope (SM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Most of Vicia seeds were found spherical or oblong and some seeds were oval and subglose. The largest seed was V. chosenensis ($4.3{\times}3.6{\times}2.6mm$), and the smallest was V. teterasperma ($1.7{\times}1.7{\times}1.5mm$). V. chosenensis and V. hirsuta were separated from other Vicia species by having a shiny in seed finish. In hilum shape, 14 species have linear and V. sepium was distinguished by having a circumlinear. In testa texture, they developed papilae, only V. hirsuta has lophate in level type. Deposition of the sheet-like debris between the papilae was observed in V. chosenensis, V. cracca, and V. unijuga. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the 13 qualitative morphological characters (QMC) were in the range of 0.0950 to 8863 with an average of 0.4611. PIC value of seed shape, seed colour, hilum colour were 0.7403, 0.8177, 0.883 respectively. Cluster analysis based on QMC detected three main clades. V. cracca, V. amurensis, V. amoena were involved in Group 1 and V. unijuga f. minor, V. unijuga, V. unijuga f. angustifolia, V. sepium, V. hirticalycina, V. hirsuta, V. linearfolia, V. chosenensis, V. pseudorobus, V. venosa var. cuspidata were involved in Group 2. V. nipponica, V. japonica, V. villosa, V. dasicarpa, V. bungei, V. angustifolia, V. tetrasperma were clustered in Group 3. Our research suggests that morphological characteristic and testa texture of seeds could be used as definers for the identification of genus Vicia.