• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

In security layer in the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO, a standard - C.S0024-a v2.0 is being accomplished under the project of 3GPP2(3rd Generation Partnership Project2). Therefore, a security device is needed to implement the security layer which is defined on the standard document for data transfer security between AT(Access Terminal) and AN(Access Network) on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO environment. This paper realizes the security layer system that can make safe and fast transfer of data between AT and AN. It could be applied to various platform environments by designing and implementing the Security Layer in the CDMA2000 1x EV-DO Security Layer to which applies C.S0024-A v2.0 of 3GPP2.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

SCMS is a security credential management system for V2X communication, which performs generation/ provision/validation of device's security certificates. In this paper, we will explain about the main functions of SCMS and the role of each institution, and propose the following improvement measures in the process of establishing the Korean V2X security certification system. First, connection scheme of ERA (Enrollment certificate RA) between SCMS and Vehicle Manager Information System (VIMS) will be proposed. Second part is the problem of certificate revocation and proposal of improvements.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2014

차량간 소통을 통하여 사고를 미연에 방지하고, 운전자의 편의성을 높일 수 있는 V2X는 차세대 자동차 기술 중 하나로 인식되어, 주요 자동차 생산 업체는 물론 미국이나 유럽의 경우 국가적인 차원에서 관심을 가지고 연구 및 기술개발에 힘쓰고 있는 기술이다. 본 고에서는 IEEE 1609.2를 중심으로 V2X 통신 중 보안부분(Security Service)에 대한 설명과 차량을 위한 PKI 시스템 구축 등을 소개하고, 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 논한다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.391-399
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• 2018

V2X communication is a technology in which a vehicle exchanges information with various entities such as other vehicles, infrastructure, networks, pedestrians, etc. through a wired or wireless network. Recently, V2X communication technology has been steadily developed and recently it has played an important role in autonomous cooperation driving technology combined with autonomous vehicle technology. Autonomous vehicles can utilize the external information received via V2X communication to extend the recognition range of existing sensors and to support more safe and natural autonomous driving. In order to operate these autonomous cooperative vehicles on public roads, the security and reliability of autonomous V2X communication should be verified in advance. In this paper, we present test scenarios and test procedures of secure V2X communication for cooperative automated driving and present verification results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2018

IEEE 1609.2 표준은 WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) 표준에서 차량간(V2V, Vehicle-to-Vehicle) 혹은 차량과 인프라간(V2I, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure)통신 상의 응용 메시지 보호를 위해 제정되었다. 이 표준은 메시지 이증 및 무결성 검증을 위하여 NIST p256 타원 곡선 커브 기반의 ECDSA 전자서명 기법을 사용한다. 매우 복잡한 도신 상의 출퇴근 환경에서는 수백대의 자동차가 전송하는 메시지를 정상적으로 처리하기 위하여, 차량의 OBU(On-Board Unit) 혹은 노상의 RSU(Road-Side Unit)에서 서명된 메시지의 검증 성능이 매우 중요한 이슈가 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 V2X 통신에서 효율적인 ECDSA 서명 검증을 위하여, OBU 혹은 RSU 환경에서 CPU 상의 병렬 처리 성능을 테스트 한 후 시사점을 살펴본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2253-2280
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• 2024

In the upcoming era of transportation, a groundbreaking technology, known as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, is poised to redefine our driving experience and revolutionize traffic management. Real-time and secure communication plays a pivotal role in V2X networks, with the decision-making process being a key factor in establishing communication and determining malicious nodes. The proposed framework utilizes a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to facilitate real-time processing and expedite decision-making. This innovative approach ensures seamless connectivity among vehicles, the surrounding infrastructure, and various entities. To enhance communication efficiency, the entire roadside unit (RSU) region can be subdivided into various sub-regions, allowing RSUs to monitor and govern each sub-region. This strategic approach significantly reduces transaction approval time, thereby improving real-time communication. The framework incorporates a consensus mechanism to ensure robust security, even in the presence of malicious nodes. Recognizing the dynamic nature of V2X networks, the addition and removal of nodes are aligned. Communication latency is minimized through the deployment of computational resources near the data source and leveraging edge computing. This feature provides invaluable recommendations during critical situations that demand swift decision-making. The proposed architecture is further validated using the "veins" simulation tool. Simulation results demonstrate a remarkable success rate exceeding 95%, coupled with a significantly reduced consensus time compared to prevailing methodologies. This comprehensive approach not only addresses the evolving requirements of secure V2X communication but also substantiates practical success through simulation, laying the foundation for a transformative era in transportation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.97-102
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• 2017

In this paper, we have interested in cooperative intelligent transport system and autonomous driving system, and focused on analysis of the characteristics of Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Basis Service (DENM) message, which is key delivery message among cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) characteristics for research objectivity. For research method, we also described V2X communication, and also analyzed the security certificate and header structure of CAM and DENM messages. We described CAM message, which is a message informing the position and status of the vehicle. And the DENM message is presented a message informing an event such as a vehicle accident, and analysis security communication, which is supported services. According to standard analysis result, 186 bits or 275 bits are used. In addition to the security header and the certificate format used for vehicle communication, we have gained the certificate verification procedure for vehicles and PKI characteristics for vehicles. Also We derived the characteristics and transmission capability of the security synchronization pattern required for V2X secure communication. Therefore when it is considered for communication service of DENM and CAM in the C-ITS environment, this paper may be meaningful result.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Security layer of the Cdma2000 1x EV-DO is currently completing standard (C.S0024-A v2.0). Accordingly, a hardware security devices, that allows to implementation requirement of the security layer described in standard document, is required to apply security function about data transferred between AT and AN of then Cdma2000 1x EV-DO environment. This paper represents design of hardware device providing EV-DO security with simulation of the security layer protocol via the FPGA platform. The SHA-1 hash algorithm for certification and service of packet data, and the AES, SEED, ARIA algorithms for data encryption are equip in this device. And paper represents implementation of hardware that applies optionally certification and encryption function after executing key-switch using key-switching algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.314-316
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• 2024

과거 자동차 내부 네트워크는 폐쇄적이었으나, 오늘날 블루투스,WiFi, 셀룰러 등 다양한 인터페이스를 통해 외부와 연결되며 안전과 편의성을 제공하기 위해 커넥티드카 혹은 스마트카로 변화하고 있다. 그러나, 외부와의 연결성이 제공됨으로써 기존에 존재하지 않았던 보안 위협이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 특히 커넥티드카는 V2X(Vehicle to Everything) 통신을 통해, 다양한 보안 취약점이 발생할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 커넥티드카에서 발생할 수 있는 보안 위협 시나리오들에 대해 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.33-38
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• 2015

In a V2X convergence service environment, the principal service among infotainment services and driver management services must be supported centering on critical information of the driver, maintenance manager, customer, and anonymous user. Many software applications have considered solutions to be satisfied the specific requirements of driving care programs, and plans. This paper describes data flow diagram of a secure clinic system for driving car diagnosis, which is included in clinic configuration, clinic, clinic page, membership, clinic request processing, driver profile data, clinic membership data, and clinic authentication in the V2X convergence service environment. It is reviewed focusing on security threat issue of ITS diagnostic system such as spoofing, tampering, repudiation, disclosure, denial of service, and privilege out of STRIDE model.