• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

심바스타틴은 cholesterol 생합성 과정에서 속도 조절 효소인 HMG-CoA reductase의 강력한 상경적 길항약으로서 고지혈증 치료에 널리 쓰이는 약물이다. 심바스타틴 제제인 MSD 사의 조코 20 mg정을 대조약으로 하여 시험약인 유영 제약의 엘바스타 20mg정의 생물학적 동등성 평가를 하기 위해 22명의 건강한 지원자를 모집하였다. 지원자를 두 군으로 나누어 2정씩 투여하였고 $2{\times}2$ 교차시험을 실시하였다. 심바스타틴의 혈장 중의 농도를 정량하기 위하여 발리데이션된 LC/MS/MS를 사용하였다. 채혈 시간은 투약 전 및 투약 후 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 시간에 걸쳐 총 12시점에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 생물학적 동등성을 판정하기 위한 파라미터로 12시간까지의 혈장 중 농도곡선 하 면적 ($AUC_{12hr}$)과 최고 혈중 농도($C_{max}$)를 사용하였다. 12시간 까지의 혈중 농도 곡선 하 면적의 기하 평균은 $17.30ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(시험약)과 $17.35ng{\cdot}ml/hr$(대조약)으로 나타났다. 최고 혈중 농도의 경우 각 각 5.08 ng/ml(시험약)과 5.20 ng/ml(대조약)으로 관찰 되었다. $AUC_{12hr}$의 경우 로그변환한 평균치 차의 $90{\%}$ 신뢰구간이 log0.8510 - log1.1694이었고, $C_{max}$의 경우 log0.8176 - log1.1649로 계산되어 두 항목 모두 log0.8-log1.25이어야 한다는 식품의약품 안전청과 FDA의 기준을 모두 만족시켰다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 시험약 엘바스타 정 20mg은 대조약 조코정 20 mg에 대하여 생물학적 동등한 것으로 판정되었다.트리머 전기비저항 탐사를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 하저에 케이블을 설치하는 방식에 비해 매우 신속하고 경제적으로 하저에 분포하는 이상대의 분포범위와 발달방향을 규명할 수 있었다.대에 대해 가장 효과적이다. 모델과 현장 적용 결과들을 통해 GRM SSM 방법을 이용하여 불규칙한 굴절면을 가진 지층들에 대해 좀 더 신뢰할 수 있는 정밀한 탄성파 속도를 산출할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.별한 주의를 기울여야 한다.EX>$\alpha/\beta$=10인 경우 $62.0\~121.9\;Gy_{10}$ (중앙값: $93.0\;Gy_{10}$)의 분포를, ${\alpha/\beta}=3$인 경우 $93.6\~187.3\;Gy_3$ (중앙값=$137.6\;Gy_3$ )의 분포를 보였다. MD-BED $Gy_3$는 직장합병증 발생과의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 방광합병증과는 유의하지 않았다. 직장합병증과의 연관성은 MD-BED $Gy_3$보다 개별 환자의 직장전벽 총 선량 BED값인 R-BED $Gy_3$가 훨씬 더 높았다. 요도카테터 풍선의 후방지점이 대변하는 방광의 총 선량 BED값인 V-BED $Gy_3$도 방광합병증과 경향성 테스트에서 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 하지만, 어떠한 방사선선량도 골반제어율과 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 본 기관에서 주치의의 선호도에 따라 강내근접치료가 외부방사선치료의 중간에 시행되는 형태인 샌드위치기법과 외부방사선치료 후반부에 시행되는 순차적 기법으로 구분하였을 때, 두 방식간 치료성적 및 합병증의 차이는 없었다. 총 치료기간에 대한 분석에서는 치료기간이 길어질수록 재발 위험이 커지는 경향을 보였으나, 나이 및 병기, 종양의 크기, MD-BED $Gy_{10}$

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

Arsenic at abandoned mine sites has adversely affected human health in Korea. In this study, the feasibility of using cationic surfactant-modified activated carbon (MAC) to remove As(V) was evaluated in terms of adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and column experiments. The adsorption of As(V) onto MAC was satisfactorily simulated by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model. In column experiments, the breakthrough point of AC was 28 bed volumes (BV), while that of MAC increased to 300 BV. The modification of AC using cationic surfactant increased the sorption rate and sorption capacity with regard to As(V). As a result, MAC is a promising adsorbent for treating As(V) in aqueous streams.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.510-510
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• 2012

최근 4대강 살리기 등 하천 개발 사업으로 인한 하천환경의 변화로 하도 내 유사의 세굴 및 퇴적 문제가 제기되고 있으며 이에 대한 대책수립이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 국외의 경우 이미 수제와 같은 수공구조물의 설계 가이드와 유로 확보 및 하도 안정화를 위한 목적의 수제가 실제 하천에 적용된 사례를 확인할 수 있으며 경험적 공식 등을 통해 이미 실용화 단계에 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 소수의 수제 설치 등 제한적인 연구만이 진행되고 있을 뿐 하도 안정화를 위한 적절한 기술 개발이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 하도안정화를 위한 구조적 대책의 일환으로 이동상 수리모형 실험을 통해 단일 및 연속수제를 이용함에 있어 수제 설치에 따른 하상변화의 특성을 지배하는 매개변수(수심, 후루이드 수, 유속 등)를 검토하였다. 연구 결과 후루이드 수와 수심 뿐만 아니라 평균 유속 와 한계유속 $V_r$을 무차원화한 $V/V_{cr}$ 값이 하상 변동 양상에 지배적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인하였다. 수제주변의 정량적 세굴 및 퇴적 깊이와 범위는 물론 수제가 수제부 하류에 미치는 하상 변화의 영향 범위를 지배하는 인자들의 상관관계를 유도하였다. 본 연구에서 확인한 수제 설치 시 하상변동 특성을 지배하는 주요인자들과 이들의 상관관계는 하상의 안정성 확보 및 수제 설계 가이드라인 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2022

In the powder bed fusion (PBF) process, a 3D shape is formed by the continuous stacking of very fine powder layers using computer-aided design (CAD) modeling data, following which laser irradiation can be used to fuse the layers forming the desired product. In this method, the main process parameters for manufacturing the desired 3D products are laser power, laser speed, powder form, powder size, laminated thickness, and laser diameter. Stainless steel (STS) 316L exhibits excellent strength at high temperatures, and is also corrosion resistant. Due to this, it is widely used in various additive manufacturing processes, and in the production of corrosion-resistant components with complicated shapes. In this study, rectangular specimens have been manufactured using STS 316L powder via the PBF process. Further, the effect of heat treatment at 800 ℃ on the microstructure and hardness has been investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.2243-2250
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• 2006

When a patient is positioned at insulated bed and practitioner is positioned at insulated floor, that condition could be a cause of lessening effect in acupuncture practice. We investigated how Ground connection and Insulation could influence on the electrical meridian potential between practitioner and patient during acupuncture practice. We treated 30 normal healthy subjects with acupuncture and measured changes in the electrical potential between the stomach meridian points ST-39 and ST-37 in response to light touch after insertion of a needle at ST-36. At first, we stimulated non-insulated needle and measured electrical potentials for non ground, patient ground only, practitioner ground only, all ground respectively. Then we used insulated needles and measured same as above. Non-insulated all ground subject elicited positive mean potential $44.6{\pm}19.2{\mu}V$ and showed $181.4{\pm}59.7{\mu}V$ peak to peak potential. Practitioner ground only showed negative mean potential of $51.5{\pm}9.3{\mu}V$ and $367.4{\pm}27.8{\mu}V$ of peak to peak potential. Patient ground only revealed no mean potential of $2.9{\pm}1.3{\mu}V$, $16.4{\pm}11.9{\mu}V$ of peak to peak potential. All ground showed no mean potential of $1.6{\pm}0.7{\mu}V$, $3.3{\pm}1.9{\mu}V$ of peak to peak potential. In case of Insulated condition, there elicited no mean potential. Non ground and Practitioner only showed weak value of peak to peak potential as $7.8{\pm}2.6{\mu}V$ and $8.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}V$ each. But patient only and all ground showed no potential as $4.7{\pm}2.2{\mu}V$, $3.4{\pm}2.2{\mu}V$, respectively. Therefore, Ground connection modulate the energy transfer course between practitioner and patient. Insulation block energy transfer but static electrical impulse between practitioner and patient.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.308-317
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• 1993

The study is related to the synthesis of acrylic acid by selective oxidation of acrolein on Mo-V-W multicomponent mixed oxide catalysts. Mo-V-W-O(WVM), Mo-V-O/Mo-W-O(VM/WM), Mo-W-O/Mo-V-O(WM/VM) and mechanical mixtures of Mo-V-O and Mo-W-O(M-VM+WM) were prepared and characterized by BET, XRD, SEM and EPMA. Catalytic activity of these catalysts was tested in a continuous fixed bed reactor. In WVM catalysts small amount of tungsten added to VM increased surface area and selectivity of acrylic acid, but excess amount of tungsten decreased reaction rate of acrolein and selectivity. VM/WM catalysts, VM supported on WM, showed higher activity and selectivity than WM/VM catalysts where WM is supported on VM. Phase cooperation between WM and VM was observed in mechanical mixture of WM and VM and they showed higher yield than WM or VM.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

This study was conducted in 2001 to develop a technique for mass production of superior seed tuber by using a wick culture system as an alternative plan to solve problems in hydroponic culture of potato. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) plug seedings were planted on a styrofoam bed (volume $0.032\textrm{m}^3$) containing two different media (Jeju scoria + peatmoss and perlite + peatmoss, (1:2, v/v) mixture, respectively). Each bed was equipped with various number of wicks (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ea/bed). After harvest, the total porosity of both media was 83-85%. Bulk density of Jeju scoria + peatmoss was higher compared to that of perlit + peatmoss. However, the number of wicks did not influence to the bulk density. Conversely, moisture capacity of Jeju scoria + peatmoss was remarkably greater than that of perlite + peatmoss and was increased from 55 to 70% as elevating number of wicks. Although the number of wicks resulted in the areal growth of plants, the total yield and the weight of tuber were highest at the bed equipped with six wicks in both media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.686-689
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen removal to applied voltage, electrolytic time and activated carbon packing height. Batch bipolar packed bed electrolytic cell reactor was packed with $4{\times}8$ mesh granular activated carbon (GAC). Afterward electrolysis was performed in 20 V for 30 min. As a result, as the filling height adjusted to 80 mm high, the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was 99.9%. and as the electrolytic time varied to 60 min, the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was 97.6%. and in case of continuous electrolytic treatment of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency of total nitrogen was over 80% in bipolar packed bed electrolytic cell reactor for 72 hours as the packing height, sample concentration and input rate of sample adjusted to 280 mm, 30 mg/L, 6.7 mL/min, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1471-1476
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• 2013

The present study deals with the immobilization of Kluyveromyces lactis ${\beta}$-galactosidase on a weak ionic exchange resin (Duolite A568) as polymer support. ${\beta}$-Galactosidase was immobilized using the adsorption method. A kinetic study of the immobilized enzyme was performed in a packed-bed reactor. The adsorption of the enzyme followed a typical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption parameters of k and n were 14.6 and 1.74, respectively. The initial rates method was used to characterize the kinetic parameters of the free and immobilized enzymes. The Michaelis-Menten constant ($K_m$) for the immobilized enzyme (120 mM) was higher than it was for the free enzyme (79 mM). The effect of competitive inhibition kinetics was studied by changing the concentration of galactose in a recycling packed-bed reactor. The kinetic model with competitive inhibition by galactose was best fitted to the experimental results with $V_m$, $K_m$, and $K_I$ values of 46.3 $mmolmin^{-1}mg^{-1}$, 120 mM, and 24.4 mM, respectively. In a continuous packed-bed reactor, increasing the flow rate of the lactose solution decreased the conversion efficiency of lactose at different input lactose concentrations. Continuous operation of 11 days was conducted to investigate the stability of a long-term operation. The retained activity of the immobilized enzymes was 63% and the half-life of the immobilized enzyme was found to be 15 days.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.684-688
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• 2007

The results of potentiostatic electrolysis of aqueous solution containing fluoride by bipolar packed bed electrolytic cell filled with granular aluminium were summarized. Removal efficiency of fluoride ion which it analyzed with ion chromatograph were 53, 73, 90% in applied voltage. Control the concentration of supporting electrolyte were 10, 30, 50, 70 mg/L and volume of packing material were 0, 25, 50, 75%, respectively, the quantity of electricity was $2.58A{\cdot}hr$ when the concentration of supporting electrolyte was 50 mg/L and the volume of packing material was 75%. As the results of electrolytsis of fluoride aqueous solution containing fluoride 10, 30, 50, 70 mg/L for 3 hours at 10 V, the removal efficiency of fluoride were 93.3, 80, 68.6%. Then the quantity of electricity were 2.58, 3.89, $5.43A{\cdot}hr$ and the fluoride removal amounts per quantity of electricity were 4.0, 3.5, $2.0mg/A{\cdot}hr$.