• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_2
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• pp.1829-1836
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• 2021

Cloud detection means determining the presence or absence of clouds in a pixel in a satellite image, and acts as an important factor affecting the utility and accuracy of the satellite image. In this study, among the satellites of various advanced organizations that provide cloud detection data, we intend to perform quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis on the difference between the cloud detection data of GK-2A/AMI, Terra/MODIS, and Suomi-NPP/VIIRS. As a result of quantitative comparison, the Proportion Correct (PC) index values in January were 74.16% for GK-2A & MODIS, 75.39% for GK-2A & VIIRS, and 87.35% for GK-2A & MODIS in April, and GK-2A & VIIRS showed that 87.71% of clouds were detected in April compared to January without much difference by satellite. As for the qualitative comparison results, when compared with RGB images, it was confirmed that the results corresponding to April rather than January detected clouds better than the previous quantitative results. However, if thin clouds or snow cover exist, each satellite were some differences in the cloud detection results.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.24
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• pp.113-171
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents. To conduct this work, the fundamental of producing archives were examined by analyzing structure and management of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and structure of official document production. After all, simultaneous and synthesis characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents were presented through overall analysis of production fundamental and relationship between their management and remained archives. The result of this study are as follows. Firstly, The Organizing Committee had bicameral organizational structure and matrix organizational format consisting of functional department and project department. Indicating the institutions and development phase of decision making in the committee, most of institutions were in name only. Also, there were many problems occurred in the procedure of decision making since the president of committee exercised all of the authorities. Secondly, It was found that existing official documents of the committee were partial and caused fragment phenomenon and severe situations because of unsystematic archival management department and regulations. Moreover, as the result of investigating production procedure and management of official documents, procedure of production, distribution, preservation and abolition of them were specifically verified. Thirdly, It was verified that the official documents were abolished arbitrarily because of unsystematic archival management department and insufficient regulations. For the actual condition of management, filing or description activity which is essential measure for using and utilizing the official documents has not been conducted yet. Based on these facts, the characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents can be referred as follows. The official archives of the committee have multiplicity of the origin and severe fragment phenomenon damaging the origin and the elementary substance of the archives. Also, the format of existing archives was unbalance. Besides, there was not enough related research since they were in adverse situation to utilize them as the archives which are not assessed or not arranged. Thus, it was hard to grasp the utility value at present and future, and was also limited for usage object.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

Purpose: Aster glehnii (AG) and Aster yomena (AY) are medicinal plants that belong to the family Compositea and grow widely in Korea. Plants in the genus Aster have been used to treat snakebite wounds or bruises in oriental medicine. This study compared the effects of anti-oxidants and anti-adipocyte differentiation according to the species (the aerial parts of AG and AY). Methods: AG and AY were extracted using 70% ethanol (-E) and water (-W) at room temperature. The anti-oxidant activities were measured by total phenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH and $ABTS^+$ assay. In addition, correlation analysis was performed for the anti-oxidant compounds and effect. The level of anti-adipocyte differentiation was assessed using an oil red O assay on pre-adipocytes. Results: AG-W showed higher TPC ($6.92{\mu}g/mL$) and AG-E presented higher TFC ($8.22{\mu}g/mL$) than the other extracts. Furthermore, AG-E exhibited higher radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and $ABTS^+$ assay ($IC_{50}$: 104.88 and $30.06{\mu}g/mL$). In the cytotoxicity assay, AG and AY extracts at concentrations less than $100{\mu}g/mL$ were non toxic. AG-W reduced the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells significantly after differentiation (70.49%) compared to the other extracts. Conclusion: These results show that the water extract of AG has anti-oxidant effects and reduces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, AG has utility as a functional food material for its anti-oxidant activities and ability to prevent lipid accumulation.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.490-497
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of ceramic-on-polyethylene articular bearing surface when cementless total hip arthroplasty is performed in patients older than 65 years through an analysis of the minimum five-year follow-up results using the ceramic femoral head and cross-linked polyethylene liner. Materials and Methods: From March 2010 to September 2012, 51 patients (56 hips) who were older than 65 years were enrolled in this retrospective study. The mean age at surgery was $70.9{\pm}5.1years$ old. A clinical assessment was analyzed using the Harris hip score. For the radiographic assessment, the cup inclination and anteversion, stem alignment, and wear amount were measured. The postoperative complications were also determined. Results: The mean Harris hip score was improved from preoperative 48 points to postoperative 87 points (p<0.05). The mean cup inclination was $40.9^{\circ}{\pm}6.4^{\circ}$ and the mean cup anteversion was $20.3^{\circ}{\pm}8.1^{\circ}$. The mean cup anteversion of the elevated liner-used group (16 cases) was $14.3^{\circ}{\pm}7.9^{\circ}$ and the mean cup anteversion of the neutral liner used group (40 cases) was $22.4^{\circ}{\pm}9.1^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). The mean stem alignment angle was $0^{\circ}$ (range, varus $4^{\circ}$-valgus $4^{\circ}$). The mean linear wear amount was $0.458{\pm}0.041mm$ and the average annual linear wear rate was $0.079{\pm}0.032mm/yr$. Six cases (10.7%) of intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures were encountered. Conclusion: Based on these results, the use of a ceramic-on-polyethylene articular bearing surface in elderly patients with cementless total hip arthroplasty is beneficial. On the other hand, careful effort is needed to prevent intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.198-215
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• 2020

Official development assistance refers to assistance provided by governments and other public institutions in donor countries, aimed at promoting economic development and social welfare in developing countries. The purpose of this research is to examine the construction process of the "Myanmar Cultural Heritage Management System" that is underway as part of the ODA project to strengthen cultural and artistic capabilities and analyze the achievements and challenges of the Digital Cultural Heritage ODA. The digital cultural heritage management system is intended to achieve the permanent preservation and sustainable utilization of tangible and intangible cultural heritage materials. Cultural heritage can be stored in digital archives, newly approached using computer analysis technology, and information can be used in multiple dimensions. First, the Digital Cultural Heritage ODA was able to permanently preserve cultural heritage content that urgently needed digitalization by overcoming and documenting the "risk" associated with cultural heritage under threat of being extinguished, damaged, degraded, or distorted in Myanmar. Second, information on Myanmar's cultural heritage can be systematically managed and used in many ways through linkages between materials. Third, cultural maps can be implemented that are based on accurate geographical location information as to where cultural heritage is located or inherited. Various items of cultural heritage were collectively and intensively visualized to maximize utility and convenience for academic, policy, and practical purposes. Fourth, we were able to overcome the one-sided limitations of cultural ODA in relations between donor and recipient countries. Fifth, the capacity building program run by officials in charge of the beneficiary country, which could be the most important form of sustainable development in the cultural ODA, was operated together. Sixth, there is an implication that it is an ODA that can be relatively smooth and non-face-to-face in nature, without requiring the movement of manpower between countries during the current global pandemic. However, the following tasks remain to be solved through active discussion and deliberation in the future. First, the content of the data uploaded to the system should be verified. Second, to preserve digital cultural heritage, it must be protected from various threats. For example, it is necessary to train local experts to prepare for errors caused by computer viruses, stored data, or operating systems. Third, due to the nature of the rapidly changing environment of computer technology, measures should also be discussed to address the problems that tend to follow when new versions and programs are developed after the end of the ODA project, or when developers have not continued to manage their programs. Fourth, since the classification system criteria and decisions regarding whether the data will be disclosed or not are set according to Myanmar's political judgment, it is necessary to let the beneficiary country understand the ultimate purpose of the cultural ODA project.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2021

Purpose: Rapid detection of etiologic organisms is crucial for initiating appropriate therapy in patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the BioFire^® Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel in detecting etiologic organisms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from febrile infants. Methods: CSF samples from infants aged <90 days who were evaluated for fever were collected between January 2016 and July 2019 at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital. We performed BioFire^® ME panel testing of CSF samples that had been used for CSF analysis and conventional tests (bacterial culture, Xpert^® enterovirus assay, and herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 polymerase chain reaction) and stored at -70℃ until further use. Results: In total, 72 (24 pathogen-identified and 48 pathogen-unidentified) CSF samples were included. Using BioFire^® ME panel testing, 41 (85.4%) of the 48 pathogen-unidentified CSF samples yielded negative results and 22 (91.7%) of the 24 pathogen-identified CSF samples yielded the same results (enterovirus in 19, Streptococcus agalactiae in 2, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1) as those obtained using the conventional tests, thereby resulting in an overall agreement of 87.5% (63/72). Six of the 7 pathogen-unidentified samples were positive for human parechovirus (HPeV) via BioFire^® ME panel testing. Conclusions: Compared with the currently available etiologic tests for CNS infection, BioFire^® ME panel testing demonstrated a high agreement score for pathogen-identified samples and enabled HPeV detection in young infants. The clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of BioFire^® ME panel testing in children must be evaluated for its wider application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2021

This study intends to examine the characteristics of the construction method of the urban water system in the historical cities of Korea, focusing on Gyeongju, Gyeongju, Goryeo, Hanyang, and Suwon Hwaseong, which were created as new towns in the late Joseon Dynasty. It examines the meaning of waterways in connection with the urban skeletal structure, focusing on the location of cities, roads, and arrangement of urban facilities, and analyzes the compositional form of the water system. We tried to derive the relationship with the structure. In particular, it can be seen that water and natural water systems act as key factors in determining the location of a city, and have a close relationship with the urban structure, urban development process, and urban structure. In addition to the symbolic meaning of water in harmony with the geographical concept, realistic demands in terms of water level and water retention are an important background. In order to respond to various demands related to water space, various planning and technical elements for managing water space were introduced in the process of city formation and development. The planning elements of the urban water system in the process of urban formation and development are summarized as follows through the analysis of the research site. First, in the process of building the urban water system in Gyeongju, Goryeo, Goryeo, Hanyang, and Hwaseong, Suwon, which were selected as the research destinations, the water system in consideration of drainage and disaster is common, but the water system construction method and usability are common. shows the difference. Second, water and natural water systems act as symbolic elements to secure the legitimacy of the city location, and as a key factor in determining the location of the city in harmony with the geographical concept and determining the left direction of the city. Third, the natural water system prior to the formation of a city works as a basis for determining the compositional form of the urban water system constructed in the process of urban formation and development in harmony with the topographical conditions. Fourth, the urban water system built on the basis of natural water systems is constructed by linking natural waterways and planned artificial waterways. Fifth, the urban water system is being built in a planned manner in consideration of the utility in connection with the urban structure, such as securing of urban land, arrangement of urban facilities and areas, composition of functional areas, and land division, in addition to the perspective of drainage system and flood control in consideration of disasters.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

Data for measuring the flow rate of streams are used as important basic data for the development and maintenance of water resources, and many experts are conducting research to make more accurate measurements. Especially, in Korea, monsoon rains and heavy rains are concentrated in summer due to the nature of the climate, so floods occur frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the flow rate most accurately during a flood to predict and prevent flooding. Thus, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) introduces 1, 2, 3 point method using a flow meter as one way to measure the average flow rate. However, it is difficult to calculate the average flow rate with the existing 1, 2, 3 point method alone.This paper proposes a new 1, 2, 3 point method formula, which is more accurate, utilizing one probabilistic entropy concept. This is considered to be a highly empirical study that can supplement the limitations of existing measurement methods. Data and Flume data were used in the number of holesman to demonstrate the utility of the proposed formula. As a result of the analysis, in the case of Flume Data, the existing USGS 1 point method compared to the measured value was 7.6% on average, 8.6% on the 2 point method, and 8.1% on the 3 point method. In the case of Coleman Data, the 1 point method showed an average error rate of 5%, the 2 point method 5.6% and the 3 point method 5.3%. On the other hand, the proposed formula using the concept of entropy reduced the error rate by about 60% compared to the existing method, with the Flume Data averaging 4.7% for the 1 point method, 5.7% for the 2 point method, and 5.2% for the 3 point method. In addition, Coleman Data showed an average error of 2.5% in the 1 point method, 3.1% in the 2 point method, and 2.8% in the 3 point method, reducing the error rate by about 50% compared to the existing method.This study can calculate the average flow rate more accurately than the existing 1, 2, 3 point method, which can be useful in many ways, including future river disaster management, design and administration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between the lateral images of Korean skulls and the angle between the OML and the Body of the Mandible. Additionally, we seek to provide criteria for the ease of positioning in clinical settings and establish standardized imaging procedures for the PNS Water's view examination. This study was conducted on a total of 202 patients who visited the radiology department of a general hospital and examined the skull lateral radiography. In addition to the patient images, skull phantoms were also utilized, and images were obtained using GC85A and EOS equipment. In this research, abbreviations related to the angle of the Body of Mandible were defined using PACS on lateral images. Measurements were taken for various angles, including ramus of mandible angle(RIA), accurate OML angle(TIA), OML and IR Angle(OIA), total mandibular length(TML), ramus height(RH), the angle between the pogonion, gonion, and condylion(MA). The validity of these measurements was confirmed using the skull phantom in the study. The age-specific average range for RIA was 22.67° to 26.04°, with measurements of 23.14° for males and 24.78° for females. The age-related mean ranges for TIA and OIA were 35.98° to 38.31° and 72.27° to 75.25°, respectively. For males, TIA was 36.74° and OIA was 72.73°, while for females, TIA was 36.43° and OIA was 73.38°. The age-dependent measurements for TML and RH ranged from 85.73 mm to 89.60 mm and 62.60 mm to 70.87 mm, respectively. Male values were 90.54 mm and 70.78 mm, while female values were 85.13 mm and 61.54 mm for TML and RH, respectively. The age-specific average range for MA was 55.95° to 58.63°, with measurements of 57.96° for males and 57.76° for females. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between RIA and OIA, as well as between RIA and TIA. Based on the results of this study, which indicate a positive correlation between the angle of the Body of Mandible and the OML, it can be inferred that adjusting the mandible vertically to align with the imaging receptor may contribute to more accurate image acquisition during PNS Water's view examination. Therefore, it is believed that there is value in utilizing this relationship as a criterion for establishing new positioning standards, which could enhance the utility of a new positioning guide.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.298-307
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• 2009

By using the MR T2 map technique, this study intends, first, to measure the change of T2 values of cartilage between healthy people and patients with osteoarthritis and, second, to assess the form and the damage of cartilage in the knee-joint, through which this study would consider the utility of the T2 map technique. Thirty healthy people were selected based on their clinical history and current status and another thirty patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who were screened by simple X-ray from November 2007 to December 2008 were selected. Their T2 Spin Echo (SE hereafter) images for the cartilage of the knee joint were collected by using the T2 SE sequence, one of the multi-echo methods (TR: 1,000 ms; TE values: 6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 32.5. 40, 45.5, 52). Based on these images, the changes in the signal intensity (SI hereafter) for each section of the cartilage of the knee joint were measured, which yielded average values of T2 through the Origin 7.0 Professional (Northampton, MA 01060 USA). With these T2s, the independent samples T-test was performed by SPSS Window version 12.0 to run the quantitative analysis and to test the statistical significance between the healthy group and the patient group. Closely looking at T2 values for each anterior and lateral articular cartilage of the sagittal plane and the coronal plane, in the sagittal plane, the average T2 of the femoral cartilage in the patient group with arthritis of the knee ($42.22{\pm}2.91$) was higher than the average T2 of the healthy group ($36.26{\pm}5.01$). Also, the average T2 of the tibial cartilage in the patient group ($43.83{\pm}1.43$) was higher than the average T2 in the healthy group ($36.45{\pm}3.15$). In the case of the coronal plane, the average T2 of the medial femoral cartilage in the patient group ($45.65{\pm}7.10$) was higher than the healthy group ($36.49{\pm}8.41$) and so did the average T2 of the anterior tibial cartilage (i.e., $44.46{\pm}3.44$ for the patient group vs. $37.61{\pm}1.97$ for the healthy group). As for the lateral femoral cartilage in the coronal plane, the patient group displayed the higher T2 ($43.41{\pm}4.99$) than the healthy group did ($37.64{\pm}4.02$) and this tendency was similar in the lateral tibial cartilage (i.e., $43.78{\pm}8.08$ for the patient group vs. $36.62{\pm}7.81$ for the healthy group). Along with the morphological MR imaging technique previously used, the T2 map technique seems to help patients with cartilage problems, in particular, those with the arthritis of the knee for early diagnosis by quantitatively analyzing the structural and functional changes of the cartilage.