• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2012

Due to the fact that the social environment is improved and the urban development is stabilized, the demand of new construction of apartment becomes slowdown. Accordingly, there are many researches to lengthen the service life of the existing apartment through the remodeling and its importance is continuously rising. However, reliable design specifications and guidelines for the design of remodeling with partial demolition are not provided yet in Korea. Specially, in the apartment remodeling, slab collapse accidents take major portion in all accidents that reported by Korean Government. It is very important to prevent intial crack of slab because intial crack could cause severe accident like collapse of all structure in a short period of time. The purpose of this study is to develop structural guidelines that could guarantee the structural safety and serviceability of slab structure and could be adopted in Korean remodeling with partial demolition. There are mainly two components to determine structural behavior of slab structure. One is the shape of slab structure and the other is load which is resisted by the slab structure. In this study, the weight per unit volume of concrete debris and concrete strength are estimated through the analysis of previous researches to recognize the relationship between the shape of slab and load that loaded on the slab. Accordingly, approximately 300 pieces of floor plan are collected and analyzed. The finite element analysis is conducted using these analyzed and estimated results. From the finite element analysis results, the limited stacking height of debris is suggested and the stacking method is also discussed. In addition, to find the relationship between movement of demolition equipment and structural behavior of slab, the static and dynamic loading tests are conducted. From the results of loading tests, the impact factor which will be considered in the remodeling design could be estimated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.60-72
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in eating-out, dietary life styles, and healthy dietary competencies among middle-aged consumers according to obesity status and gender for implications of consumer education. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2016 Food Consumption Behavior Survey, and 3,022 subjects (mail 1,388; female 1,634) who were middle-aged adults were investigated. Analysis of variance with $Scheff\acute{e}$ test, t-test, $x^2$-test, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS v.24. Results: Males showed less interest in diet than females. For both males and females, higher BMI degrees were associated with higher levels of interest in diet. For frequency, monthly average consumption expenditure, one-time cost for eating out, and drinking frequency, males showed higher levels than females. Especially for the male group, higher obesity status was associated with higher levels of eating out and drinking. Dietary lifestyles of males and females turned out to be very similar. For the male group, normal weight group was more likely to show 'health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style' than the other groups. For females, the normal weight group were more likely to show 'health and high quality pursuit dietary life-style' and 'safety pursuit dietary life-style' than the other groups. The level of 'healthy dietary competence' for females was found to be higher than that for males. For the female group, there were significant differences according to obesity status, and practice was more important than knowledge in determining a healthy dietary life. Conclusion: For dietary life-related education for obese middle-aged consumers, it is important to emphasize less eating-out and drinking and less overeating while eating-out based on the results that eating-out, drinking, and overeating in the obesity group were significantly higher than in the normal group. It is important to focus on the value of dietary life and diverse foods, based on the results that the obesity group was less likely to be have healthy dietary lifestyles and consume less diverse foods than the normal group.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Rotator cuff tears involving the subscapularis are less common than those involving the superior and posterior rotator cuff. The purpose of the present study was to report the clinical results of repair of isolated traumatic tears of the subscapularis tendon. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (13 males, 2 females; mean age 46.2 years; range 35 to 52) with unilateral ruptures of the subscapularis tendon after trauma who underwent arthroscopic repair between February 2003 and October 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. All the cases were isolated tears of the subscapularis without the involvement of any other rotator cuff tendon and were followed for at least two years (mean 28 months). The entire subscapularis was involved in 9 cases and the tear was localized to the upper two thirds in 6 cases. The preoperative and postoperative status of patients with isolated subscapularis tears were analyzed using the Constant Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Society Index (ASES Index) and postoperative integrity was determined through magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The average clinical outcome scores and strength were all improved significantly at the time of the final follow-up. The constant shoulder score improved from 41.5 to 81.3 points (P<0.05) compared to before surgery and ASES index improved from 46.4 to 89.6 points (P<0.05) postoperatively. Thirteen patients (87%) were satisfied with the result of the treatment. The total tears were significantly more improved by surgery than the partial tears. In 12 of 15 patients (80%) were judged to reveal healed tendon on magnetic resonance imaging at a mean of 13 months postoperatively. The postoperative score was significantly lower for the patients with a failed repair than it was for those with an intact repair (P<0.05). Conclusion: Repair of traumatic isolated subscapularis tears through arthroscopic techniques effectively restores patient function with regard to pain, mobility, strength and postoperative tendon integrity. The postoperative integrity of the repair correlates with the functional results and the total tears were more improved by surgery than the partial tears, but future studies may be needed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 2013

Big data refers to the data that cannot be processes with conventional contemporary data technologies. As smart devices and social network services produces vast amount of data, big data attracts much attention from researchers. There are strong demands form governments and industries for bib data as it can create new values by drawing business insights from data. Since various new technologies to process big data introduced, academic communities also show much interest to the big data domain. A notable advance related to the big data technology has been in various fields. Big data technology makes it possible to access, collect, and save individual's personal data. These technologies enable the analysis of huge amounts of data with lower cost and less time, which is impossible to achieve with traditional methods. It even detects personal information that people do not want to open. Therefore, people using information technology such as the Internet or online services have some level of privacy concerns, and such feelings can hinder continued use of information systems. For example, SNS offers various benefits, but users are sometimes highly exposed to privacy intrusions because they write too much personal information on it. Even though users post their personal information on the Internet by themselves, the data sometimes is not under control of the users. Once the private data is posed on the Internet, it can be transferred to anywhere by a few clicks, and can be abused to create fake identity. In this way, privacy intrusion happens. This study aims to investigate how perceived personal information overload in SNS affects user's risk perception and information privacy concerns. Also, it examines the relationship between the concerns and user resistance behavior. A survey approach and structural equation modeling method are employed for data collection and analysis. This study contributes meaningful insights for academic researchers and policy makers who are planning to develop guidelines for privacy protection. The study shows that information overload on the social network services can bring the significant increase of users' perceived level of privacy risks. In turn, the perceived privacy risks leads to the increased level of privacy concerns. IF privacy concerns increase, it can affect users to from a negative or resistant attitude toward system use. The resistance attitude may lead users to discontinue the use of social network services. Furthermore, information overload is mediated by perceived risks to affect privacy concerns rather than has direct influence on perceived risk. It implies that resistance to the system use can be diminished by reducing perceived risks of users. Given that users' resistant behavior become salient when they have high privacy concerns, the measures to alleviate users' privacy concerns should be conceived. This study makes academic contribution of integrating traditional information overload theory and user resistance theory to investigate perceived privacy concerns in current IS contexts. There is little big data research which examined the technology with empirical and behavioral approach, as the research topic has just emerged. It also makes practical contributions. Information overload connects to the increased level of perceived privacy risks, and discontinued use of the information system. To keep users from departing the system, organizations should develop a system in which private data is controlled and managed with ease. This study suggests that actions to lower the level of perceived risks and privacy concerns should be taken for information systems continuance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.978-985
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol drinking on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes among the university male students. The subjects were divided three group; no-alcohol group(n=83), alcohol group(n=78), and high-alcohol group(n=78).And they were observed general characteristics, life style, eating pattern, food frequency and nutrient intake using questionnaires. The mean age, height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 25.8$\pm$6.1 years old 171.5$\pm$5.4 cm, 63.4$\pm$9.7 kg and 2.3$\pm$2.8/kg/$m^2$, respectively. The types of residence and person who prepares meals were significantly different among the groups: the frequency of self-boarding and preparing meals oneself in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups. The frequency of physical exercise and cigarette smoking in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups. There were no significant differences in skipping meals among three groups. However, the most common reson why high-alcohol group skipped meals was due to a eating habit, while a lack of time in other two groups. The results show that the high-alcohol group tended to eat more often instant ramien, soybean sprout, anchovy, and coffee compared to the other two groups. The energy intakes in alcohol and high-alcohol groups were lower than those in no-alcohol group. In conclusion, high-alcohol students have unhealthy dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of cigarette smoking, eating habit of skipping meals and instant foods, and therefore showing a strong need of proper education in alcohol withdrawal and meal management for them.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2014

Recently, the number of road construction is increasing by industrial development. According to this industrial tendency, the number of traffic accidents are consistently increasing due to increasing number of vehicle on the road. This is mainly because traffic accidents are occurred by various parameter such as negligence of driver, vehicle defects, state of unstable road, natural environment etc. Lane department of vehicles from guardrail is occurring frequently. This type of accident is caused by vehicle performance improvement and shape of vehicle, weak guardrail installation and maintenance. Guardrail has the purpose on prevention such as prevention of traffic accident and prevention of deviating out of road, minimizing damage of driver and vehicle by collision as well as entry into the road through guardrail. Stability evaluation test of guardrail verifies the behavior of guardrail through the crash of truck. At this time, the crash condition has 100 km/h of velocity and $15^{\circ}$ of impact angle. In the case of ground condition, filling slope condition has relatively high bearing capacity of infinite ground towards the test. Guardrail is generally installed on road of shoulder in fill slope in korea. It is possible for stability problem to deteriorate ground bearing capacity in Guardrail in fill slope. The existed study towards stability of guardrail has been carried out in the infinite ground. However, the study on the behavior of fill slope with guardrail is not performed by vehicle collision. Therefore, In this study, the numerical analysis using LS-DYNA was executed for verification on behavior of fill slope with guardrail through vehicle collision. This numerical analysis was carried out with change of embedded depth on installed guardrail post in shoulder of fill slope by vehicle collision and 8 tonf truck crash providing at NCAN (National Crash Analysis Center). As the result, displacement and stress on fill slope are decreased in accordance with the increase of embedded depth of guardrail post. Ground bearing capacity is deteriorated at depth of 450 mm form shoulder of road on fill slope.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 1998

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of some decontamination agents against skin contamination of $^{60}Co$ and $^{137}Cs$, the experiments were carried out in this study. In the experiments, pig skin was used instead of human skin , $^{60}CoC1_2$ and $^{137}CsCl$ were used the liquid sources of skin contamination. To examine the effectiveness of decontamination agents, skin decontamination was tried using soup, EDTA, KAERICON which was developed for decontamination of radionulides on the surface of building structure, and new decontamination agents such as IOCON, TRICON, and CHARCON, which were developed in this study. The absorption of radionuclides through the skin was evaluated by the gamma-tay detection on the surface of sample skin after radionuclides were penetrated into the skin during 16 hour soiling time. The results of this absorption experiment indicated that 11.5% and 3.2% of initial amounts of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$, respectively, were panerated into the skin. In the experiment to remove the residual radioactivity fixed on the skin, KAERICON showed the decontamination rates up to 52.1%(decontamination factor of 2.1) and IOCON showed the equivalent decontamination rate (decontamination factor 1.9) for $^{137}Cs$. However, IOCON and CHARCON showed the poor decontamination rates of less than 20%(decontamination factor of 1.2) for $^{60}Co$, and KAERICON showed the poor decontamination rate (decontamination factor 1.1) for $^{60}Co$. For TRICON, the decontamination factors were 1.6 to 1.8 for $^{137}Cs$, and 1.0 to 1.2 for $^{60}Co$, respectively.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.142-152
• /
• 2000

This study is a descriptive study to offer an actual basic data as Nursing intervention strategy of nurses before delivery in order that pregnant women in Korea may effectively practice Taekyo by examining the relation after apprehending level of recognition and practice of our pregnant women about Taekyo. This study collected questionnaires from 801 pregnant women who visited general hospitals in 10 areas(Seoul, Daejon, chunan, Daegu, Kummi, $Ky{\check{o}}ngju$, $P{\ddot{o}}hang$, Busan, $J{\ddot{o}}nju$, and $Y{\ddot{o}}nkwang$) for prenatal care through an outpatient obstetrics and gynecology from July 15 to August 30, 1999. This study used the tool of lee, Ki Young(1993) revised an complemented by investigator to measure recognition of Taekyo and the tool of Jang, Shun Buk and Park, Young Ju(1996) revised and complemented by investigator to measure practice of Taekyo. The Cronbach's alpha value of each tool was .88 in recognition of Taekyo, while the value was .90 in practice of Taekyo. For data analysis, this study used the descriptive and statistical analysis, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc contrast, and Stepwise multiple regression in accordance with the purpose of this study with using SPSS Win 7.5 program. The results were as follows ; 1. The practice of Taekyo was low in comparison with recognition of Teakyo by showing average 4.28 points and standard deviation 0.48 at level of recognition of pregnant women about Taekyo on the basis of 5 points and showing to show average 2.81 points and standard deviation 0.36 at practice level on the basis of 4 points. 2. They showed the higher level of recognition on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=3.735, p=.005), Roman catholicism (F=4.570, p=.002), satisfied married life(F=5.448, p=.004), high monthly income(F=6.096, p=.000) and cases of hoping pregnancy(F=2.525, p=.012). 3. They showed the higher level of practice on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=2.883, P=.022), Roman catholicism(F=3.616, p=.032), satisfied married life(F=19.924, p=.000), good health condition(F=2.386, p=.017), cases of hoping pregnancy(F=0.677, p=.000), cases of planning pregnancy with husband(F=3.024, p=.001), cases of regular prenatal care before delivery(F=0.241, p=.005), cases of maternal breast feeding (F=9.132, p=.000), and the number of less children(F=2.763, p=.041). 4. In result of examining correlation between recognition and practice of Taekyo, they showed high level of practice on Taekyo under high level of recognition of pregnant women on Taekyo by showing the statistically significant correlation. 5. In result of examining the related factors that affect recognition and practice of Taekyo y the object, practice of Taekyo had 16.8 percents of explanatory range, purpose of practicing Taekyo 8.5 percents of explanatory range, and monthly income 1.9 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting recognition of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 27.2 percents, Recognition of Taekyo had 16.1 percents of explanatory ragne, time of starting Taekyo 3.2 percents, health condition 2.2 percents of explanatory range, condition of hoping pregnancy 1.1 percent of explanatory range, satisfaction of married life 0.8 percent of explanatory range, and religion 0.6 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting practice of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 24.0 percents.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 1989

T. verrucosum infection has been reported for the first time in 1986 in Korea and has been increasing progressively. To evaluate the progress of clinical and histopathological change of dermatophytosis caused by T. verrucosum, inoculation study, using T. verrucosum isolated from infected human(human strain) and from infected cattle(cattle strain), was done in 24 male albino Hartley guinea pig. Their clinical and histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, comparison for the growth rate between human strain and cattle strain on Sabouraud's glucose agar was made. The results were as follows: 1. Growth rate on Sabouraud's glucose agar : Cattle strain showed significantly more rapid growth rate than human strain on Sabouraud's glucose rate at $25^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. And cattle strain showed more rapid growth rate at $37^{\circ}C$ than $25^{\circ}C$. But human strain showed no significant difference of growth rate at both temperature. 2. Clinical findings: Initial erythema, scale and crust were developed about 8th after inoculation. All three findings reached maximum severity about 12th to 16th day and disappeared about 30th to 34th day after inoculation. There was no significant difference in progress of erythema, scale and crust between cattle strain and human strain. 3. Histopathological findings: Although mild acanthosis was noticed on the 3rd day after inoculation, the other findings including parakeratosis, intraepidermal abscess, spongiosis and vascular change, cellular infiltration were found on 9th day after inoculation. They reached maximum severity on the 12th day and lasted to the 25th day after inoculation. After that, all three findings were decreased gradually between 29th day and 33th day. On the PAS stainings, hyphae and spores were found on the 6th day and disappeared on the 21th day after inoculation. 4. In trichophytin skin test, all of the 24 guinea pigs became positive within average $9.83{\pm}1.17$ lays. These findings suggested that dermatophytosis caused by T. verrucosum induced rapid cell mediated immunity and contributed to rapid resolution of the lesion.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of seizure in children between 6 months to 5 years of age. A family history of febrile seizures can increase the risk a child will have a FS. Yet, prevalence of FS regarding external environment has not been clearly proved. This study attempts to determine the association between prevalence of FS and weather. Methods: This study included medical records from the Korea National Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Data were collected from 29,240 children, born after 2004, diagnosed with FS who were admitted to one of the hospitals in Seoul, Korea, between January 2009 and December 2013. During the corresponding time period, data from the Korea Meteorological Administration on daily monitoring of four meteorological factors (sea-level pressure, amount of precipitation, humidity and temperature) were collected. The relationships of FS prevalence and each meteorological factor will be designed using Poisson generalized additive model (GAM). Also, the contributory effect of viral infections on FS prevalence and weather will be discussed. Results: The amount of precipitation was divided into two groups for comparison: one with less than 5 mm and the other with equal to or more than 5 mm. As a result of Poisson GAM, higher prevalence of FS showed a correlation with smaller amount of precipitation. Smoothing function was used to classify the relationships between three variables (sea-level pressure, humidity, and temperature) and prevalence of FS. FS prevalence was correlated with lower sea-level pressure and lower humidity. FS prevalence was high in two temperature ranges (-7 to $-1^{\circ}C$ and $18-21^{\circ}C$). Conclusion: Low sea-level pressure, small amount of precipitation, and low relative air humidity may increase FS prevalence risk.