• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2004

본 연구는 기존의 계산 오류 연구 결과가 초등수학 지도에 적극 활용되지 않는다는 점에 착안하여, 계산 오류 연구 결과가 최근의 초등 수학 교재에서 어느 정도 반영되고 있는지 그 실태를 파악하고, 더 나아가 미래 교재 개발을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 교재의 분석 기준을 마련하고, 이를 토대로 제6차와 7차 교육과정의 수학 교과서, 수학 익힘책, 그리고 교사용 지도서를 계산 오류 활용이라는 관점에서 분석하였다 분석 결과 수학 교과서에서는 제6차와 7차 공통적으로 계산 오류가 활용되지 않았으며, 7차의 경우는 수학 익힘책, 교사용 지도서에서도 그 활용도가 극히 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 분석결과를 토대로 차기 교육과정에서의 수학 교재 개발에 대한 시사점을 간략하게 정리하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2002

In this paper, the system model for the compensation of the low-cost personal navigation system is derived and the error compensation method using GPS is also proposed. WNS(Walking Navigation System) is a kind of personal navigation system using the number of a walk, stride and azimuth. Because the accuracy of these variables determines the navigation performance, computational methods have been investigated. The step is detected using the walking patterns, stride is determined by neural network and azimuth is calculated with gyro output. The neural network filters off unnecessary motions. However, the error compensation method is needed, because the error of navigation information increases with time. In this paper, the accumulated error due to the step detection error, stride error and gyro bias is compensated by the integrating with GPS. Loosely coupled Kalman filter is used for the integration of WNS and GPS. It is shown by simulation that the error is bounded even though GPS signal is blocked.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 빔 패턴 오차의 허용범위를 만족하는 개별소자의 허용오차를 분석하였다. 기존의 수치적 통계방법은 배열소자의 개수증가에 따라 계산량이 증가하는 문제점이 있고 이를 보완하기 위해 제안된 Monte-Carlo 방법은 낮은 정밀도와 빔 패턴 합성으로의 확장이 어렵다는 한계점을 가지고 있어 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 소나 배열 소자의 허용오차 분석법을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 1차원과 2차원 배열에서 주어진 빔 패턴 오차 허용범위를 만족하는 각 소자별 허용오차 범위를 분석하였고 모의실험을 통하여 소나 배열 소자의 허용오차 범위가 타당함을 검증하였다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.112-127
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• 2002

A useful pattern is a pattern that contributes much to learning. For a classification problem those patterns near the class boundary surfaces carry more information to the classifier. For a regression problem the ones near the estimated surface carry more information. In both cases, the usefulness is defined only for those patterns either without error or with negligible error. Using only the useful patterns gives several benefits. First, computational complexity in memory and time for learning is decreased. Second, overfitting is avoided even when the learner is over-sized. Third, learning results in more stable learners. In this paper, we propose a pattern 'utility index' that measures the utility of an individual pattern. The utility index is based on the bias and variance of a pattern trained by a network ensemble. In classification, the pattern with a low bias and a high variance gets a high score. In regression, on the other hand, the one with a low bias and a low variance gets a high score. Based on the distribution of the utility index, the original training set is divided into a high-score group and a low-score group. Only the high-score group is then used for training. The proposed method is tested on synthetic and real-world benchmark datasets. The proposed approach gives a better or at least similar performance.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.271-274
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• 2007

The finite element linear buckling analysis of folded plate structures using adaptive h-refinement methods is presented in this paper. The variable-node flat shell element used in this study possesses the drilling D.O.F. which, in addition to improvement of the element behavior, permits an easy connection to other elements with six degrees of freedom per node. The Box-typed structures can be analyzed using these developed flat shell elements. By introducing the variable node elements some difficulties associated with connecting the different layer patterns, which are common in the adaptive h-refinement on quadrilateral mesh, can be overcome. To obtain better stress field for the error estimation, the super-convergent patch recovery is used. The convergent buckling modes and the critical loads associated with these modes can be obtained.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2018

Due to shortage of land and architectural aesthetics, sometimes the buildings are constructed as unconventional in plan. The wind force acts differently according to the plan shape of the building. So, it is of utter importance to study wind force or, more specifically wind pressure on an unconventional plan shaped tall building. To address this issue, this paper demonstrates a comprehensive study on mean pressure coefficient of 'E' plan shaped tall building. This study has been carried out experimentally and numerically by wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation respectively. Mean wind pressures on all the faces of the building are predicted using wind tunnel test and CFD simulation varying wind incidence angles from $0^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$ at an interval of $30^{\circ}$. The accuracy of the numerically predicted results are measured by comparing results predicted by CFD with experimental results and it seems to have a good agreement with wind tunnel results. Besides wind pressures, wind flow patterns are also obtained by CFD for all the wind incidence angles. These flow patterns predict the behavior of pressure variation on the different faces of the building. For better comparison of the results, pressure contours on all the faces are also predicted by both the methods. Finally, polynomial expressions as the sine and cosine function of wind angle are proposed for obtaining mean wind pressure coefficient on all the faces using Fourier series expansion. The accuracy of the fitted expansions are measured by sum square error, $R^2$ value and root mean square error.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.357-369
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• 2007

Teachers and students' knowledge of zero was investigated through data collected from 16 preservice secondary mathematics teachers and 20 gifted secondary school students. Results showed that these teachers and students had an inadequate knowledge about zero. They exhibited a reluctance to accept zero as an attribute for classification, confusion as to whether or not zero is a number, and stable patterns of computational error. Although leachers and researchers have long recognized the value of analyzing student errors for diagnosis and remediation, students have not been encouraged to take advantage of errors as learning opportunities in mathematics instruction. The article suggests using errors as springboards for inquiry in action, discusses its potential contributions to mathematics instruction by analyzing students and preservice teachers errors related to zero.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the air flow characteristics in a plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: In this study, the flow was assumed to be a steady-state, incompressible, and three-dimensional turbulent flow. A realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulent model was applied to show more reasonable results than the standard model. A CFD software was used to perform the numerical simulation. For validation of the simulation model, a prototype plant factory ($5,900mm{\times}2,800mm{\times}2,400mm$) was constructed with two inlets (${\Phi}250mm$) and one outlet ($710mm{\times}290mm$), located on the top side wall. For the simulation model, the average air current speed at the inlet was $5.11m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Five cases were simulated to predict the airflow pattern in the plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations. Results: The root mean square error of measured and simulated air current speeds was 13%. The error was attributed to the assumptions applied to mathematical modelling and to the magnitude of the air current speed measured at the inlet. However, the measured and predicted airflow distributions of the plant factory exhibited similar patterns. When the inlets were located at the center of the side wall, the average air current speed in the plant factory was increased but the spatial uniformity was lowered. In contrast, if the inlets were located on the ceiling, the average air current speed was lowered but the uniformity was improved. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the airflow pattern in the plant factory with multilayer cultivation shelves was greatly affected by the locations of the inlet and the outlet.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

고차 QAM 시스템에 대한 자기적응 등화에서 눈 모형이 완전히 닫힌 등화 초기에 적용하여 눈 모형을 빠르게 열뿐만 아니라 정상상태 오차 레벨을 크게 낮추는 새로운 SDD 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 M-QAM 응용에서, 관찰에 가장 인접한 두 심볼을 추정의 기반으로 함으로써 기존 SDD의 계산 복잡성을 최소화하고, QAM 차수에 무관하게 연판정을 크게 단순화하였다. 아울러 심볼 추정에 임계 함수에 비해 오판정 회피가 우수한 시그모이드 함수를 적용, 추정의 신뢰도를 높였다. 또한 등화기 갱신을 위한 오차 발생 시 임계 함수에 의한 심볼 판정 값을 오차에 가중하여 오차 변동 범위를 확장함으로써 제안한 자기적응 등화기의 초기화 성능을 개선하였다. 결과적으로 제안 방법은 기존 SDD의 계산 복잡성과 초기화 및 수렴 특성을 현저히 개선하였다. 부가 잡음이 존재하는 다중경로 채널 조건에서 64-QAM 및 256-QAM에 대한 모의실험을 통해 CMA와 제안한 2-SDD 및 가중된 2-SDD의 두 가지 형태의 성능을 비교하고 제안 방법의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.991-999
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 비디오 부호화에서 움직임 추정을 위한 고속 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 고속 움직임 예측 방법들은 프레임에 따라 예측화질이 현저히 떨어지는 문제점을 가지고 있으며, 전영역 탐색기반의 향상 방법들은 계산량 감축이 높지 않은 문제점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 전영역 탐색기반의 방법에 비하여 예측화질은 거의 같게 유지하면서 불필요한 계산량을 현저히 줄이는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 움직임 벡터의 확률분포와 적응적인 탐색 패턴 및 적응적인 블록매칭기준을 이용한다. 움직임 벡터의 확률분포에 따라 탐색패턴을 달리하며, 블록매칭 기준의 비교값을 다르게 함으로써 예측화질을 유지하면서 계산량만 효율적으로 감축할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘은 기존의 전영역 탐색 기반인 H.264 PDE 고속 알고리즘과 비교하여 예측 화질의 저하가 0~0.02dB이며, 소요된 계산량은 20%~30%정도이다. 제안한 알고리즘은 MPEG-2 및 MPEG-4 AVC를 이용하는 실시간 비디오 압축 응용분야에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.