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Biological monitoring of miners exposed to diesel exhaust using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (디젤 연소물질에 노출된 광산 근로자에서 소변 중 1-hydroxypyrene을 이용한 생물학적 모니터링)

  • Lee, Jong Seong;Choi, Byung-Soon;Shin, Jae-Hoon;Shin, Yong Chul;Kim, Ki-Woong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.144-152
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    • 2007
  • Diesel vehicles are a significant source of fine carbon particle emissions including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is firmly established as a useful biomarker of PAHs uptake in human. To investigate the exposure effect of PAHs in miners according to using diesel truck which was for transportation of ore, we measured urinary 1-OHP as the PAHs exposure biomarker, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and using diesel truck. The study was performed on 118 workers (56 miners in factories using diesel truck, 62 miners in factories non-using diesel truck) and 21 controls. Urine samples were obtained at the end of shift on the survey day. There was no significance in comparison with the mean concentrations on urinary 1-OHP by age, BMI, work duration, smoking, drinking and ventilation type. But significant difference were found among urinary 1-OHP concentrations on factories according to using diesel truck (p=0.000). The urinary 1-OHP mean concentration on underground miners using diesel truck ($0.54{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) was higher than those of surface miners using diesel truck ($0.33{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.028), underground miners non-using diesel truck ($0.32{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.001) and controls ($0.22{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine, p=0.000). In comparison with using status diesel truck, the urinary 1-OHP mean concentration of underground miners using diesel trucks was higher than those of other mine status. The study results would be beneficial to future environmental and biological studies of PAHs exposure to diesel exhaust in mines.

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers on a Substrate Coated with Metal Nitrates using an C2H4 Inverse Diffusion Flame (메탈나이트레이트가 도포된 기판과 C2H4 역확산화염을 이용한 탄소나노튜브 및 탄소나노섬유의 합성)

  • Lee, Gyo-Woo;Jurng, Jong-Soo;Hwang, Jung-Ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.1480-1488
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    • 2003
  • Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials on a substrate coated with metal nitrates using an ethylene fueled inverse diffusion flame was illustrated. The effects of radial distance, residence time of the substrate, and hydrocarbon composition on the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials were investigated. The effects of catalyst metal particles were also studied using SUS304 substrates coated with Fe(NO$_3$)$_3$ (ferric nitrate, nonahydrate) and Ni(NO$_3$)$_2$(nickel nitrate, hexahydrate), and Cu substrate. Carbon nanomaterials, with diameters ranging from 30 - 70 nm, were observed on the substrate for both cases of using substrates only and using them with metal nitrates. In case of using the substrate with metal nitrates, the formation and growth of carbon nanomaterials were occurred in the lower temperature region than that of using the substrates only due to the easy activation of the metal particles coated on the surface of the substrates.

The Effects of Training Using Pedalo Equipment on Balance of Post-Stroke Patients: Pilot Study (페달로 도구를 이용한 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 균형에 미치는 영향: 예비 실험)

  • Lee, Yun-Bok;Kim, Jin-Beom;Lee, Gyu-Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.387-395
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    • 2013
  • PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the training using Pedalo equipment on balance function in post-stroke patients. METHODS: The present study was case-series. Ten post-stroke patients participated in the study. Participants performed the training using Pedalo equipment. The training using four Pedalo equipment lasted 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Force platform, Berg Balance Scale(BBS), and Timed Up and Go(TUG) test were used to assess balance ability before and after training. RESULTS: After training using Pedalo equipment, there were significantly improved on path length and sway velocity of post-stroke patients in the both of eye open and - close conditions comparing with baseline. Also, on the BBS and TUG, there were significant improvements after training. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the training using Pedalo equipment may be effective on improving the balance ability in the post-stroke patients. Through this study, we were able to confirm the potential of training using Pedalo equipment as an intervention in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients.

A Study on the Effect of Environmental Education Using the Advertisement on Children's Eco-Friendly Attitude and Environmental Preservation Knowledge (광고를 활용한 환경교육이 유아의 환경친화적 태도 및 환경보전 지식에 미치는 효과)

  • Lim, Soo Min;Ahn, Hyojin
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.451-459
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    • 2016
  • This study was to develop environmental education activities using advertisement as well as investigate the effect of environmental education using advertisements on children's eco-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge. The effect of the environmental education activity using advisements was examined based on 24 children aged five attending a daycare center located in Incheon metropolitan city (12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). This study was executed 12 times (twice a week) in both the experimental group and comparative group as the environmental education using advertisements was developed and executed in the experimental group as environmental education according to the life theme's in the Nuri curriculum of the comparative group. The instruments used in this study were the children's eco-friendly attitude scale (two factors, 18 items) and environmental preservation knowledge scale (four factors, 16 items). Children's eco-friendly attitude and environmental preservation knowledge were assessed by pre-tests and post-tests using the SPSS ver. 18.0 program. Results indicated that after 6 weeks application, the experimental group exhibited higher scores than the control group in the children's eco-friendly attitude as well as environmental preservation knowledge. This study showed that environmental education activities using advertisement had a positive effect on children's eco-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge.

A Study on the Fashion Illustration by Using CAD System (CAD System을 이용한 Fashion Illustration 연구)

  • Lee, Woon-Young;Im, Soon
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 1998
  • The researches on modern fashion design have more specific and multifactorial, and expressional approaches of designers become more deeverse too. And, at the present point time when the design itself extends actively throughout the world, there should be may studies that focus on the development of CAD system. This study research that computer adied design used in developing various design and variety training. Development of fashion design by using computers could contribute to the rapid composition of deverse researches on it. It is to be classified into three items, diagram, illustration, transformation in computer adied fashion design. The illustration could be color variation by using CAD system, and express correct form, adjustment, complement. It must be development as an expression of propaganda, having a artistic value of ganre. At the present point of time when the fashion design itself it needed development, there should be may studies that focus on development of fashion design by using computer. This study present diagram for practical side, and illustration for decorative side by using CAD system.

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A Study on Electro-Optical Characteristics of the TN Cell Photoaligned on the Ν-(phenyl)maleimide Surface using the UVLPH Photodimerization Method (Ν-(phenyl)maleimide 표면에 UVLPH 광중합법을 이용한 광배향 TN 셀의 전기광학특성에 관한 연구)

  • 황정연;김준영;김태호;서대식;김영식
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.15 no.8
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    • pp.731-735
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    • 2002
  • Electro-optical (EO) performances for the twisted-nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) photoaligned with linearly polarized UV exposure on the poly[4- (fluorocinnamate) phenylmaleimide](PFCPMI) surfaces using a new photodimerization method were investigated. For a new UVLPH (UV linearly polarized during heating) photodimerization method, the photopolymer layers were exposed by linearly polarized UV dichroic polarizer without a specific UV filter during heating at $150^{\circ}C$. The Voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve without backflow bounce in the photoaligned TN-LCD with UV exposure on the PFCPMI surface for 10 min using the UVLPH photodimerization method was observed. For response time measurement, the transmittance characteristics of the photoaligned TN-LCD using the UVLPH photodimerization method on the photopolymer surface was better than that of the photoaligned TN-LCD using the UVLP photodimerization method under a room temperature.

Intelligent control of pneumatic actuator using On/Off solenoid valves

  • Insung Song;Sungman Pyo;Kyungkwan Ahn;Soonyong Yang;Lee, Byungryong
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.65.2-65
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    • 2002
  • This paper is concerned with the accurate position control of a rodless pneumatic cylinder using On/Off solenoid valve. A novel Intelligent Modified Pulse Width Modulation(MPWM) is newly proposed. The control performance of this pneumatic cylinder depends on the external loads. To overcome this problem , switching of control parameter using artificial neural network is newly proposed, which estimates external loads on rodless pneumatic cylinder using this training neural network. As an underlying controller, a state feedback controller using position, velocity and acceleration is applied in the switching control the system. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms are demonstrated...on/off solenoid valve, load estimation, MPWM, Artificial neural network.

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Factors Influencing on Use of Complementary.Alternative Therapy on Chronic Patients (만성질환자의 보완대체요법 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Park, Hyeon-Shin;Hyun, Kyung-Sun
    • Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of using numbers and period of complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) among chronic patients. Methods: The study employed a descriptive design. The participants were 221 chronic patients. Data were collected in a pharmacy near a general hospital from April to July, 2008. Results: Influencing factors on using number of CAT were age, numbers of disease, period of used CAT and monthly expenses on CAT (the ability to explain, 79.9%). Influencing factors on using period of CAT were the period of illness and using number of CAT (the ability to explain, 44.9%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that chronic patients need counseling and guides about using CAT especially for those are older and have many kinds and longer period of diseases.

Directionality of O-Phthaladehyde adsorbed on H-Si(100) Surface Using NEXAFS and HRPES

  • Kim, Gi-Jeong;Park, Seon-Min;Im, Hui-Seon;Kim, Bong-Su;Lee, Han-Gil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2010.08a
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    • pp.79-79
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    • 2010
  • The electronic and adsorption structure of O-Phthaladehyde (OPA) on the H-Si(100) surface was investigated by using Near Edge X-ray Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES). We confirmed that the OPA grown on the H-Si(100) surface showed good dependency with about 60 degree tilting angle using NEXAFS and a single O 1s peak by using HRPES. Hydrogen atom passivated on the Si(100) surface was found to be a seed for making one dimensional organic line that uses a chain reaction as the H-Si(100) surface was compared with the hydrogen free Si(100) surface. Through the spectral analysis, we will demonstrate 1-D directional formation of OPA on H-Si(100) surface using NEXAFS and HRPES.

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Wear Behavior as Hardness Difference of Material in the Dry Sliding Wear Tests of Using Leaf-Spring (판스프링을 사용한 건식마모실험에서 재료경도에 따른 마모거동)

  • Kim, Jung-Hyun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2008
  • It is shown that the rate of wear can be related to 'index of wear intensity' using a leaf-spring in the disc on disk on wear tests. Since both upper and lower specimens have used the same hardness values, equivalent hardness of 'the index of wear intensity' used the mean hardness value of specimens. This index is derived from the external variables of load, sliding speed and the hardness of the sliding pairs. The wear behavior as the hardness of the sliding elements on the dry wear has been investigated using a disc on disc configuration. The materials of the specimens are used as ten kinds along their hardness. Using experimental data, we figured the relationship between wear rate and index of wear intensity. A newly wear equation had been derived the result using a leaf-spring in disc on disc wear system.