• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.139-149
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• 2004

As the expansion of road capacity has become impractical in many urban areas, congestion pricing has been widely considered as an effective method to reduce urban traffic congestion in recent years. The principal reason is that the congestion pricing may lead the user equilibrium (UE) flow pattern to system optimum (SO) pattern in road network. In the context of network equilibrium, the link tolls according to the marginal cost pricing principle can user an UE flow to a SO pattern. Thus, the pricing method offers an efficient tool for moving toward system optimal traffic conditions on the network. This paper proposes a continuous network design program (CNDP) in network equilibrium condition, in order to find optimal congestion toll for maximizing net economic benefit (NEB). The model could be formulated as a bi-level program with continuous variable(congestion toll) such that the upper level problem is for maximizing the NEB in elastic demand, while the lower level is for describing route choice of road users. The bi-level CNDP is intrinsically nonlinear, non-convex, and hence it might be difficult to solve. So, we suggest a heuristic solution algorithm, which adopt derivative information of link flow with respect to design parameter, or congestion toll. Two example networks are used for test of the model proposed in the paper.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

Ubiquitous systems have grown explosively over the few years. Nowadays users' needs for high qualify service lead a various type of user terminals. One of various type of user interface, various types of effective human computer interface methods have been developed. In many researches, researchers have focused on using brain-wave interface, that is to say, BCI. Nowadays, researches which are related to BCI are under way to find out effective methods. But, most researches which are related to BCI are not centralized and not systematic. These problems brought about ineffective results of researches. In most researches related in HCI, that is to say - pattern recognition, the most important foundation of the research is to build correct and sufficient DB. But there is no effective and reliable standard research conditions when researchers are gathering brain-wave in BCI. Subjects as well as researchers do not know effective methods for gathering DB. Researchers do not know how to instruct subjects and subjects also do not know how to follow researchers' instruction. To solve these kinds of problems, we propose effective brain-wave DB building system using the five senses stimulation. Researcher instructs the subject to use the five senses. Subjects imagine the instructed senses. It is also possible for researchers to distinguish whether brain-wave is right or not. In real time, researches verify gathered brain-wane data using spectrogram. To verify effectiveness of our proposed system, we analyze the spectrogram of gathered brain-wave DB and pattern. On the basis of spectrogram and pattern analysis, we propose an effective brain-wave DB building method using the five senses stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2008

Current changing to the customer-oriented market naturally causes suppliers to meet an age of competition on the quality. In order to plan housing meeting this quality competitiveness era, I set up the type classification system of quality differentiation for the unit of apartment housing by executing differentiation cases of unit quality and type analysis of the object. The system is consist of 3 classification systems by quality element, user convenience element and product element as follows: First element is to classify quality element on the basis of plane and interior elements, architectural elements and second one is user convenience element relating facility to classify environment-oriented, safety, energy saving and convenience. The other one is the product element to classify furniture, installing product and convenient product. I believe that this classification system will be useful to determine any classification elements of product for product positioning and product planning in the stage of marketing planning of apartment housing in the future.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 2002

Recently. VR( Virtual Reality) applications such as virtual studio and virtual character are wifely used In TV programs. and AR( Augmented Reality) applications are also belong taken an interest increasingly. This paper introduces a virtual screen system. which Is a new AR application for broadcasting. The virtual screen system is a real-time video augmentation system by tracking a chroma-patterned moving panel. We haute recently developed a virtual screen system.'K-vision'. Our system enables the user to hold and morse a simple panel on which live video, pictures of 3D graphics images can appear. All the Images seen on the panel change In the correct perspective, according to movements of the camera and the user holding the panel, in real-time. For the purpose of tracking janet. we use some computer vision techniques such as blob analysis and feature tracking. K-vision can work well with any type of camera. requiring no special add-ons. And no need for sensor attachments to the panel. no calibration procedures required. We are using K-vision in some TV programs such as election. documentary and entertainment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

The conventional studies on equilibrium network design problem(ENDP) with fixed travel demand models assume that the future OD travel demand might not be changed even if the structure and the capacity of the network are improved. But this fixed demand assumption may loose its validity in the long-range network design because OD travel demand actually shifts with the network service level. Thus, it is desirable to involve the variable travel demand which is determined endogenously in the model in the optimal network design. In this paper a hi-level model formulation and solution procedure for ENDP with variable travel demand are presented. Firstly It is considered how to measure the net user benefits to be derived from the improved in link capacities, and the equilibrium network design problem considered here is to maximize the increase of net user benefit which results from a set of lift capacity enhancements within the budget constraints, while the OD travel demands and link travel times are obtained by solving the lower level network equilibrium problem with variable demand. And secondly sensitivity analysis is carried out to find the links to which the network equilibrium flow pattern is the most sensitive. Finally numerical example with simple network is carried out to test the validity of the model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.197-206
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• 2014

Motor imagery based Brain-computer Interface(BCI), which has recently attracted attention, is the technique for decoding the user's voluntary motor intention using Electroencephalography(EEG). For classifying the motor imagery, event-related desynchronization(ERD), which is the phenomenon of EEG voltage drop at sensorimotor area in ${\mu}$-band(8-13Hz), has been generally used but this method are not free from the performance degradation of the BCI system because EEG has low spatial resolution and shows different ERD-appearing band according to users. Common spatial pattern(CSP) was proposed to solve the low spatial resolution problem but it has a disadvantage of being very sensitive to frequency-band selection. Discriminative filter bank common spatial pattern(DFBCSP) tried to solve the frequency-band selection problem by using the Fisher ratio of the averaged EEG signal power and establishing discriminative filter bank(DFB) which only includes the feature frequency-band. However, we found that DFB might not include the proper filters showing the spatial pattern of ERD. To solve this problem, we apply a band-selection process using CSP feature vectors and linear discriminant analysis to DFBCSP instead of the averaged EEG signal power. The filter selection results and the classification accuracies of the existing and the proposed methods show that the CSP feature is more effective than signal power feature.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2011

Worldwide, the building energy simulation becomes inevitable step for predicting the energy consumption in building. In simulation process, the expertise is required for the accurate analysis results. In Korea, however, most of user use the inconsistent data with Korea circumstance. In this step, we need to construct the standard input data matched building in Korea. In this study, electricity consumption of apartments in Daejeon is analyzed. The yearly data of a apartment complexes of 2009 are analyzed as monthly, daily(week and weekend), timely, and completion year. With this result, we are able to predict the demand pattern of electricity in a house and make the schedule by demand pattern. The results of this study are followed. The averaged amount of electricity consumption in winter is higher than summer because of the high capacity of heating equipment. All of the house has electric base load from 0.26kWh to 0.5kWh. The average of the electricity consumption of month is shown as 326.7kWh. A week is seperated as 4 part such as week, weekend, Saturday and Sunday. During week, the average of timely electricity consumption is shown as 0.442kWh. The Saturday consumption is 0.453kWh. The Sunday is 0.461kWh.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2007

Numerous studies have reported that genes with similar expression patterns are co-regulated. From gene expression data, we have assumed that genes having similar expression pattern would share similar transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). These function as the binding regions for transcription factors (TFs) and thereby regulate gene expression. In this context, various analysis tools have been developed. However, they have shortcomings in the combined analysis of expression patterns and significant TFBSs and in the functional analysis of target genes of significantly overrepresented putative regulators. In this study, we present a web-based A Functional Clustering Analysis Tool for Predicted Transcription Regulatory Elements and Gene Ontology Terms (FCAnalyzer). This system integrates microarray clustering data with similar expression patterns, and TFBS data in each cluster. FCAnalyzer is designed to perform two independent clustering procedures. The first process clusters gene expression profiles using the K-means clustering method, and the second process clusters predicted TFBSs in the upstream region of previously clustered genes using the hierarchical biclustering method for simultaneous grouping of genes and samples. This system offers retrieved information for predicted TFBSs in each cluster using $Match^{TM}$ in the TRANSFAC database. We used gene ontology term analysis for functional annotation of genes in the same cluster. We also provide the user with a combinatorial TFBS analysis of TFBS pairs. The enrichment of TFBS analysis and GO term analysis is statistically by the calculation of P values based on Fisher’s exact test, hypergeometric distribution and Bonferroni correction. FCAnalyzer is a web-based, user-friendly functional clustering analysis system that facilitates the transcriptional regulatory analysis of co-expressed genes. This system presents the analyses of clustered genes, significant TFBSs, significantly enriched TFBS combinations, their target genes and TFBS-TF pairs.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Traffic performance in a microcellular system is much more affected by cell dwell time and channel holding time in each cell. Cell dwell time of a call is characterized by its mobility pattern, i.e., stochastic changes of moving speed and direction. Cell dwell time provides important information for other analyses on traffic performance such as channel holding time, handover rate, and the average number of handovers per call. In the next generation mobile communication system, the cell size is expected to be much smaller than that of current one to accommodate the increase of user demand and to achieve high bandwidth utilization. As the cell size gets small, traffic performance is much more affected by variable mobility of users, especially by that of pedestrians. In previous work, analytical models are based on simple probability models. They provide sufficient accuracy in a simple second-generation cellular system. However, the role of them is becoming invalid in a picocellular environment where there are rapid change of network traffic conditions and highly random mobility of pedestrians. Unlike in previous work, we propose an improved probability model evolved from so-called Random walk model in order to mathematically formulate variable mobility of pedestrians and analyze the traffic performance. With our model, we can figure out variable characteristics of pedestrian mobility with stochastic correlation. The above-mentioned traffic performance measures are analyzed using our model.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.198-208
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to elicit the planning factors for the embodiment of sense of place in public library. This study analyzes qualitatively the good places where the children seek for and evaluate in children's library. The primary method of survey in this study is the caption evaluation. The survey is conducted in libraries of three types. In the caption evaluation, children take good places into photograph by themselves and are asked for reasons, features and physical characteristics for the pictures on good places. Through the study of the preceding studies, this study takes four analysis frames, Path, Occupancy Place, Edge and Mark. According to four analysis frames, the principal features, physical characteristics and the examples in libraries of domestic and foreign country are put in order. The meanings of this study are summarized as followings; presenting the method of user's positive evaluation, studying the sense of place in children's view point, and presenting the interrelation pattern for embodiment of the rich sense of place.