• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-105
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• 2014

After emergence of Internet, social media with highly interactive Web 2.0 applications has provided very user friendly means for consumers and companies to communicate with each other. Users have routinely published contents involving their opinions and interests in social media such as blogs, forums, chatting rooms, and discussion boards, and the contents are released real-time in the Internet. For that reason, many researchers and marketers regard social media contents as the source of information for business analytics to develop business insights, and many studies have reported results on mining business intelligence from Social media content. In particular, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, as a technique to extract, classify, understand, and assess the opinions implicit in text contents, are frequently applied into social media content analysis because it emphasizes determining sentiment polarity and extracting authors' opinions. A number of frameworks, methods, techniques and tools have been presented by these researchers. However, we have found some weaknesses from their methods which are often technically complicated and are not sufficiently user-friendly for helping business decisions and planning. In this study, we attempted to formulate a more comprehensive and practical approach to conduct opinion mining with visual deliverables. First, we described the entire cycle of practical opinion mining using Social media content from the initial data gathering stage to the final presentation session. Our proposed approach to opinion mining consists of four phases: collecting, qualifying, analyzing, and visualizing. In the first phase, analysts have to choose target social media. Each target media requires different ways for analysts to gain access. There are open-API, searching tools, DB2DB interface, purchasing contents, and so son. Second phase is pre-processing to generate useful materials for meaningful analysis. If we do not remove garbage data, results of social media analysis will not provide meaningful and useful business insights. To clean social media data, natural language processing techniques should be applied. The next step is the opinion mining phase where the cleansed social media content set is to be analyzed. The qualified data set includes not only user-generated contents but also content identification information such as creation date, author name, user id, content id, hit counts, review or reply, favorite, etc. Depending on the purpose of the analysis, researchers or data analysts can select a suitable mining tool. Topic extraction and buzz analysis are usually related to market trends analysis, while sentiment analysis is utilized to conduct reputation analysis. There are also various applications, such as stock prediction, product recommendation, sales forecasting, and so on. The last phase is visualization and presentation of analysis results. The major focus and purpose of this phase are to explain results of analysis and help users to comprehend its meaning. Therefore, to the extent possible, deliverables from this phase should be made simple, clear and easy to understand, rather than complex and flashy. To illustrate our approach, we conducted a case study on a leading Korean instant noodle company. We targeted the leading company, NS Food, with 66.5% of market share; the firm has kept No. 1 position in the Korean "Ramen" business for several decades. We collected a total of 11,869 pieces of contents including blogs, forum contents and news articles. After collecting social media content data, we generated instant noodle business specific language resources for data manipulation and analysis using natural language processing. In addition, we tried to classify contents in more detail categories such as marketing features, environment, reputation, etc. In those phase, we used free ware software programs such as TM, KoNLP, ggplot2 and plyr packages in R project. As the result, we presented several useful visualization outputs like domain specific lexicons, volume and sentiment graphs, topic word cloud, heat maps, valence tree map, and other visualized images to provide vivid, full-colored examples using open library software packages of the R project. Business actors can quickly detect areas by a swift glance that are weak, strong, positive, negative, quiet or loud. Heat map is able to explain movement of sentiment or volume in categories and time matrix which shows density of color on time periods. Valence tree map, one of the most comprehensive and holistic visualization models, should be very helpful for analysts and decision makers to quickly understand the "big picture" business situation with a hierarchical structure since tree-map can present buzz volume and sentiment with a visualized result in a certain period. This case study offers real-world business insights from market sensing which would demonstrate to practical-minded business users how they can use these types of results for timely decision making in response to on-going changes in the market. We believe our approach can provide practical and reliable guide to opinion mining with visualized results that are immediately useful, not just in food industry but in other industries as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.95-112
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• 2008

In contrast to traditional taxonomy, folksonomy is generated not only by experts but also by creators and consumers of the content. Folksonomy is the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. It is also known as collaborative tagging or social indexing. Folksonomy is also used to link to create social network that connect people to people who share same interest. Folksonomy users can generally discover the contents by which the tag sets of another user who tends to interpret contents in a way that makes sense to them. Firstly, this study consider the significance and some critical issues about folksonomy. Secondly, analyze special features of Korean academic site's folksonomy, which is managed by academic information site. Accordingly consider the directions of development about folksonomy system.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2024

The emergence of programs like Midjourney, particularly known for its text-to-image capability, has significantly impacted design and creative industries. Midjourney continually updates its database and algorithms to enhance user experience, with a focus on character consistency. This paper's examination of the latest V6 version of Midjourney reveals notable advancements in its characteristics and design principles, especially in the realm of character generation. By comparing V6 with its predecessors, this study underscores the significant strides made in ensuring consistent character portrayal across different plots and timelines.Such improvements in AI-driven character consistency are pivotal for storytelling. They ensure coherent and reliable character representation, which is essential for narrative clarity, emotional resonance, and overall effectiveness. This coherence supports a more immersive and engaging storytelling experience, fostering deeper audience connection and enhancing creative expression.The findings of this study encourage further exploration of Midjourney's capabilities for artistic innovation. By leveraging its advanced character consistency, creators can push the boundaries of storytelling, leading to new and exciting developments in the fusion of technology and art.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.795-806
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a user experience evaluation method for virtual reality living space contents and apply it to prototype simulations to measure user experience. The user evaluation method proposed in this paper is based on the existing user evaluation methodology, but it is established by changing the experience and evaluation factors to match the characteristics of the virtual reality living space. The generated virtual reality living space simulation is configured similar to real space and is placed real objects that the user actually uses in each space, so that users can feel reality. The subjects performed the tasks according to the given scenarios and then evaluated the simulation. As a result of the evaluation, the main goal of the simulation, the items that make the users feel realistic, were lower than our expectations. This means that future simulations need to be modified in a way that adds or expands elements that enhance the realism. In this way, the UX evaluation method proposed in this paper is expected to provide a more objective indicator to the content developer or designer in order to grasp the user's demand in the virtual reality living space.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

This study aims to develop a stereoscopic image authoring tool to effectively produce e-Book content that enhances user's sense of immersion in 3D environments. The proposed authoring tool consists of three core systems; 3D object editing, stereoscopic image, and image media production systems. First, the object editing system arranges and produces diverse objects that constitute virtual 3D spaces to fit the purpose of the content. In this case, commercial graphic authoring tools are utilized to design efficient data structures that can include produced external models. In addition, the material and textures of objects are made to be revisable and editable into the form wanted by the user. Thereafter, a stereoscopic image system will be implemented to produce the generated virtual scenes into stereoscopic images. This study uses the Anaglyph method so that the user can implement and use stereoscopic image scenes more easily. This method include functions to change the color of stereo cameras and control depth scaling. Finally, an image media production system will be implemented that will enable producing the produced stereoscopic images into single images or videos so that they can be effectively utilized in e-Book content.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.556-589
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• 2009

With the advent of the so-called Web 2.0 age, the interconnections of various contents on the web, as well as the user-participatory services from blogs, web-based communities, picture sharing sites, and social networking sites, to the sites for collective knowledge productions, have been further vitalized. As the User Generated Contents(UGCs) are flourishing on the web, they have channeled users' desires for self-expression and social acknowledgement, and yet have created the new kinds of invasion of privacy. This study attempts to look at how the networked individuals' everyday perceptions of privacy have been reconstructed in the age of Web 2.0. By investigating how users have used the UGCs for their sociality on the web and how they have set the boundaries of the private and the public in these public or semi-public disclosures of self-expressions, it has traced the changing perceptions of privacy in everyday communication practices. For this study, it has interviewed Korean youngsters in their 10s and 20s who have grown up with the Internet and have received self-expressions and social communication on the web as everyday activities. Based on their interviews, it inquires into the concurrent notion of privacy and discuss its cultural implications.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-72
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effects of user participation, network effect, social influence, and usefulness on stickiness and continued use on Internet communities. In this research, stickiness refers to repeat visit and visit duration to an Internet community. Continued use means the willingness to continue to use an Internet community in the future. Internet community-based companies can earn money through selling the digital contents such as game, music, and avatar, advertizing on internet site, or offering an affiliate marketing. For such money making, stickiness and continued use of Internet users is much more important than the number of Internet users. We tried to answer following three questions. Fist, what is the effects of user participation on stickiness and continued use on Internet communities? Second, by what is user participation formed? Third, are network effect, social influence, and usefulness that was significant at prior research about technology acceptance model(TAM) still significant on internet communities? In this study, user participation, network effect, social influence, and usefulness are independent variables, stickiness is mediating variable, and continued use is dependent variable. Among independent variables, we are focused on user participation. User participation means that Internet user participates in the development of Internet community site (called mini-hompy or blog in Korea). User participation was studied from 1970 to 1997 at the research area of information system. But since 1997 when Internet started to spread to the public, user participation has hardly been studied. Given the importance of user participation at the success of Internet-based companies, it is very meaningful to study the research topic of user participation. To test the proposed model, we used a data set generated from the survey. The survey instrument was designed on the basis of a comprehensive literature review and interviews of experts, and was refined through several rounds of pretests, revisions, and pilot tests. The respondents of survey were the undergraduates and the graduate students who mainly used Internet communities. Data analysis was conducted using 217 respondents(response rate, 97.7 percent). We used structural equation modeling(SEM) implemented in partial least square(PLS). We chose PLS for two reason. First, our model has formative constructs. PLS uses components-based algorithm and can estimated formative constructs. Second, PLS is more appropriate when the research model is in an early stage of development. A review of the literature suggests that empirical tests of user participation is still sparse. The test of model was executed in the order of three research questions. First user participation had the direct effects on stickiness(${\beta}$=0.150, p<0.01) and continued use (${\beta}$=0.119, p<0.05). And user participation, as a partial mediation model, had a indirect effect on continued use mediated through stickiness (${\beta}$=0.007, p<0.05). Second, optional participation and prosuming participation significantly formed user participation. Optional participation, with a path magnitude as high as 0.986 (p<0.001), is a key determinant for the strength of user participation. Third, Network effect (${\beta}$=0.236, p<0.001). social influence (${\beta}$=0.135, p<0.05), and usefulness (${\beta}$=0.343, p<0.001) had directly significant impacts on stickiness. But network effect and social influence, as a full mediation model, had both indirectly significant impacts on continued use mediated through stickiness (${\beta}$=0.11, p<0.001, and ${\beta}$=0.063, p<0.05, respectively). Compared with this result, usefulness, as a partial mediation model, had a direct impact on continued use and a indirect impact on continued use mediated through stickiness. This study has three contributions. First this is the first empirical study showing that user participation is the significant driver of continued use. The researchers of information system have hardly studies user participation since late 1990s. And the researchers of marketing have studied a few lately. Second, this study enhanced the understanding of user participation. Up to recently, user participation has been studied from the bipolar viewpoint of participation v.s non-participation. Also, even the study on participation has been studied from the point of limited optional participation. But, this study proved the existence of prosuming participation to design and produce products or services, besides optional participation. And this study empirically proved that optional participation and prosuming participation were the key determinant for user participation. Third, our study compliments traditional studies of TAM. According prior literature about of TAM, the constructs of network effect, social influence, and usefulness had effects on the technology adoption. This study proved that these constructs still are significant on Internet communities.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.141-170
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• 2010

User created content (UCC) is created and shared by common users on line. From the user's perspective, the increase of UCCs has led to an expansion of alternative means of communications, while from the business perspective UCCs have formed an environment in which an abundant amount of new contents can be produced. Despite outward quantitative growth, however, many aspects of UCCs do not meet the expectations of general users in terms of quality, and this can be observed through pirated contents and user-copied contents. The purpose of this research is to investigate effective methods for fostering production of creative user-generated content. This study proposes two core elements, namely, reward and motivation, which are believed to enhance content creativity as well as the mediating factor and users' committement, which will be effective for bridging the increasing motivation and content creativity. Based on this perspective, this research takes an in-depth look at issues related to constructing the dimensions of reward and motivation in UCC services for creative content product, which are identified in three phases. First, three dimensions of rewards have been proposed: task dimension, social dimension, and organizational dimention. The task dimension rewards are related to the inherent characteristics of a task such as writing blog articles and pasting photos. Four concrete ways of providing task-related rewards in UCC environments are suggested in this study, which include skill variety, task significance, task identity, and autonomy. The social dimensioni rewards are related to the connected relationships among users. The organizational dimension consists of monetary payoff and recognition from others. Second, the two types of motivations are suggested to be affected by the diverse rewards schemes: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation occurs when people create new UCC contents for its' own sake, whereas extrinsic motivation occurs when people create new contents for other purposes such as fame and money. Third, commitments are suggested to work as important mediating variables between motivation and content creativity. We believe commitments are especially important in online environments because they have been found to exert stronger impacts on the Internet users than other relevant factors do. Two types of commitments are suggested in this study: emotional commitment and continuity commitment. Finally, content creativity is proposed as the final dependent variable in this study. We provide a systematic method to measure the creativity of UCC content based on the prior studies in creativity measurement. The method includes expert evaluation of blog pages posted by the Internet users. In order to test the theoretical model of our study, 133 active blog users were recruited to participate in a group discussion as well as a survey. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire on their commitment, motivation and rewards of creating UCC contents. At the same time, their creativity was measured by independent experts using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Finally, two independent users visited the study participants' blog pages and evaluated their content creativity using the Creative Products Semantic Scale. All the data were compiled and analyzed through structural equation modeling. We first conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement model of our research. It was found that measures used in our study satisfied the requirement of reliability, convergent validity as well as discriminant validity. Given the fact that our measurement model is valid and reliable, we proceeded to conduct a structural model analysis. The results indicated that all the variables in our model had higher than necessary explanatory powers in terms of R-square values. The study results identified several important reward shemes. First of all, skill variety, task importance, task identity, and automony were all found to have significant influences on the intrinsic motivation of creating UCC contents. Also, the relationship with other users was found to have strong influences upon both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Finally, the opportunity to get recognition for their UCC work was found to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation of UCC users. However, different from our expectation, monetary compensation was found not to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation. It was also found that commitment was an important mediating factor in UCC environment between motivation and content creativity. A more fully mediating model was found to have the highest explanation power compared to no-mediation or partially mediated models. This paper ends with implications of the study results. First, from the theoretical perspective this study proposes and empirically validates the commitment as an important mediating factor between motivation and content creativity. This result reflects the characteristics of online environment in which the UCC creation activities occur voluntarily. Second, from the practical perspective this study proposes several concrete reward factors that are germane to the UCC environment, and their effectiveness to the content creativity is estimated. In addition to the quantitive results of relative importance of the reward factrs, this study also proposes concrete ways to provide the rewards in the UCC environment based on the FGI data that are collected after our participants finish asnwering survey questions. Finally, from the methodological perspective, this study suggests and implements a way to measure the UCC content creativity independently from the content generators' creativity, which can be used later by future research on UCC creativity. In sum, this study proposes and validates important reward features and their relations to the motivation, commitment, and the content creativity in UCC environment, which is believed to be one of the most important factors for the success of UCC and Web 2.0. As such, this study can provide significant theoretical as well as practical bases for fostering creativity in UCC contents.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.6
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• pp.355-364
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• 2011

In most applications requiring high-confidential images, reversible watermarking is an effective way to ensure the integrity of images. Many watermarking researches which have been adapted to authenticate contents cannot recover the original image after authentication. However, reversible watermarking inserts the watermark signal into digital contents in such a way that the original contents can be restored without any quality loss while preserving visual quality. To detect malicious tampering, this paper presents a new block-based image authentication algorithm using differential histogram-based reversible watermarking. To generate an authentication code, the DCT-based authentication feature from each image block is extracted and combined with user-specific code. Then, the authentication code is embedded into image itself with reversible watermarking. The image can be authenticated by comparing the extracted code and the newly generated code and restored into the original image. Through experiments using multiple images, we prove that the presented algorithm has achieved over 97% authentication rate with high visual quality and complete reversibility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.726-730
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• 2009

The proliferation of the web and digital photography has drastically increased multimedia data and has resulted in the need of the high quality internet service based on the moving picture like user generated contents(UGC). The keyword-based search on large scale images and video collections is too expensive and requires much manual intervention. Therefore the web search engine may provide the content-based retrieval on the multimedia data for search accuracy and customer satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed index structure based on multiple length signature files according to data distribution. In addition, we describe how our scalable index technique can be used to find the nearest neighbors in the cluster environments.