• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2020

The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquitoes or tick vectors and are etiological agents of acute zoonotic infections. The viruses are found around the world and account for significant cases of human diseases. We investigated population of culicine mosquitoes in central region of Korean Peninsula, Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si. Aedes vexans nipponii was the most frequently collected mosquitoes (56.5%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (23.6%), Anopheles spp. (10.9%), and Culex pipiens complex (5.9%). In rural regions of Hwaseong, Aedes vexans nipponii was the highest population (62.9%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (23.9%) and Anopheles spp. (12.0%). In another rural region of Incheon (habitat of migratory birds), Culex pipiens complex was the highest population (31.4%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (30.5%), and Aedes vexans vexans (27.5%). Culex pipiens complex was the predominant species in the urban region (84.7%). Culicine mosquitoes were identified at the species level, pooled up to 30 mosquitoes each, and tested for flaviviral RNA using the SYBR Green-based RT-PCR and confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Three of the assayed 2,683 pools (989 pools without Anopheles spp.) were positive for Culex flaviviruses, an insect-specific virus, from Culex pipiens pallens collected at the habitats for migratory birds in Incheon. The maximum likelihood estimation (the estimated number) for Culex pipiens pallens positive for Culex flavivirus was 25. Although viruses responsible for mosquito-borne diseases were not identified, we encourage intensified monitoring and long-term surveillance of both vector and viruses in the interest of global public health.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2015

이 연구는 일개 시 지역에서 환경오염의 가능성이 높은 도심 주민과 특별한 산업 시설이 없는 농촌 주민을 대상으로 설문조사와 피부단자검사를 시행하여, 알레르기비염의 유병률을 파악하고, 각각의 다른 환경이 두 지역 주민의 알레르기비염에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 정확한 유병률을 구하기 위해서 병원에 방문한 환자가 아닌 일반 지역 주민을 대상으로 하였고, 증상만을 평가하는 설문조사로는 과대평가될 수 있으므로 객관적인 피부단자검사를 병행하였으며, 연령에 따라 알레르기 원인 물질에 대한 감수성이 다르게 나타나고 노출된 기간과 질병 이환율을 고려하기 위해서 연령군을 어린이, 청소년, 성인군으로 나누어 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 확진된 알레르기비염의 유병률이 도심에서 8.4%, 농촌에서는 6.9%로 차이를 보이지 않았다(8.4% vs. 6.9%). 하지만, 연령에 따라서 어린이, 청소년, 성인군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 어린이와 청소년에서는 도심과 농촌 간에 유의한 차이가 없음을 보였지만, 성인에서는 도심 지역에서 최근 1년 동안의 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률(30.5% vs. 22.4%)과 확진된 알레르기비염의 유병률(8.2% vs. 3.7%)이 농촌지역보다 유의하게 높은 결과를 보여서 산업화, 도시화로 인한 환경 유해물질이 알레르기비염 유병률에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각이 된다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2014

본 연구는 지역사회 특성에 따른 지역 주민의 도서관 요구를 파악하여 지역 공공도서관의 운영방향과 정책을 수립하기 위한 방안 모색을 목적으로 인천광역시 8개 구와 2개 군의 기초자치단체를 중심으로 지역사회 조사를 실시하였고, 지역 특성에 따라 지역1(원도심 중심), 지역2(신도심 중심), 지역3(도 농 복합 지역), 3개의 지역 유형으로 나누어 그 지역에 속해 있는 공공도서관 이용자 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 도서관 이용행태, 도서관에 대한 인식 및 요구, 지역사회 평가, 서비스 만족도 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과 도서관 이용행태, 도서관에 대한 인식, 도서관 서비스에 대한 만족도에서 지역유형에 따라 부분적인 차이를 보였으며 그 결과를 토대로 지역 유형에 따른 공공도서관의 운영방안에 대해 제안하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

The Gongju Sanseong Traditional Market, the subject of this study, was formed in the early 1900's, and along with the development of Gongju, it has been constantly changed and expanded up until now. The Sanseong Traditional Market located in Gongju, the Korea's representative historic city, exhibits merits in the aspects as a city based on the symbolic significance of the city where it is located and historical characteristics; however, it also presents some problems as well in consideration of user convenience and accessibility. Thereupon, this study conducted literature review on traditional markets, field research with a field trip, and a survey in order to analyze the spatial characteristics of the market environment and grope for the methods of activation. The conclusion suggested through this is as written below: First, the changes of types regarding spatial use according to the modernization project of traditional markets are essential, so about the spatial use according to the spatial changes, it is needed to distribute it balancedly considering the central space of the market. Second, with the understanding of the spatial types of traditional markets, it is needed to build a plan for alternation in the types of physical space based on that. Third, it is necessary to suggest the methods of integrated spatial use among standing markets and 5-day markets. In particular, through the approaches from the aspects of architectural and urban design and through reasonable spatial planning, a systematic approach considering the convenience of the users and merchants using it as their living space should be prioritized. And lastly, it is needed to reorganize the space according to the physical and non-physical methods in order to figure out the methods of activating traditional markets in agricultural areas and minor cities. With the complex approaches above, we can grope for the methods of activating traditional markets.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the loss of open space of schools in Ulaanbaatar city and found out main causes of the conversion trend of open space to suggest alternatives. 76 designated sites were selected from 118 public schools within 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. These 76 schools were eligible for analysis of the open space change between 2005 and 2015 with Google Earth Pro. The results showed that $175,048m^2$ open space was developed and two dominant types of open space conversion were found; 1) constructions of school facilities such as soccer field, extended school buildings, parking lot, sidewalk, and square, and 2) constructions of apartment buildings and service facilities such as community center, pedestrian, sports facilities, and parking lot. Apartment complex development has commonly happened in all districts and caused bigger open space loss than other types of development. Chingeltei district is located in the center of Ulaanbaatar city, and schools in this district lost the biggest open space, $50,036m^2$/35.24% over 10 years. The rate of open space loss seemed to be related to the distance from the urban center and open space loss was an ongoing event in Ulaanbaatar city. This trend would not be improved without a strong regulation, so, in this study, making strict regulations that prevent conversions of open space were suggested to conserve open space in Ulaanbaatar city.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.147-159
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• 1999

As we have come to realize the problems caused by the modern civilization as well as the importance of the preservation of nature. Ecological building and urban design come to attract more attention. Therefore, the object of this study is providing the design factors and improving the design methods for the developments of ecological housing complex, harmonious with environment. Followings are the results of this study: 1. We need to turn to new trend-Ecological architecture which enables the co-exitence of nature and human being to come over the presence and face new decades. 2. Ecological architecture is based on energy-saving system and give people a healty and comfortable atmosphere. 3. In the city area, the house development should be undertaken to minimize the environmental problem through extremely high ehhiciency and technonogy. 4. We need a new development to preserve natural environment in the suburvan and small or medium city. 5. We have to develope the approach method, which is to maintain the frame of present ecological environment, to be in sympathy with geomorphology, to use the natural material in the rural community.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

In Suwon, the overall hygiene of the city is threatened by the emergence of the rook(Corvus fugilegus) in the city. Rooks began to appear in November of 2016 and has continued to appear from November to March every year. In order to eradicate or to prepare an alternative habitat for rooks, this study aimed to identify the preferred habitat and specific environmental variables. Therefore, in this work, we aim to understand the predicted distribution of rooks in Suwon City with citizen science and through MaxENT, the most widely utilized habitat modeling using citizen science to analyze the preferred habitat of harmful tides appearing in urban areas. In this study, seven environmental variables were chosen: biotope group complex, building floor, vegetation, euclidean distance from farmland, euclidean distance from streetlamp, and euclidean distance from pole and DEM. Among the estimated models, after the time period of sunrise (08:00~18:00) the contribution percentage were as following: euclidean distance from arable land(39.2%), DEM(25.5%), euclidean distance from streetlamp(22.3%), euclidean distance from pole(7.1%), biotope group complex(4.9%), building floor(1%), vegetation(0%). In the time period after sunset(18:00~08:00) the contribution percentage were as following: biotope group complex(437.4%), euclidean distance from pole(26.8%), DEM(13.4%), euclidean distance from streetlamp(11.8%), euclidean distance from farmland(7.9%), building floor(1.4%), vegetation(1.3%).

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

This study tries to view the social and public roles of roads in urban structure in a renewed way, focusing on NakAn-Eupsung, which was a spontaneous settlement, not a designed city, of the many traditional villages. The most valuable meaning the alleys of traditional villages give us is the community of cooperation. Thus, this study tries to examine the features of the community in three major ways happening on the alleys of NakAn-Eupsung in three major ways. First, the features according to regional community; second, the features by social community; third, the features according to public community. Through this, we can understand the features of alleys within the building structure of traditional villages, and also we can have a chance to grasp the image of 'togetherness-of-the-public', long lost on contemporary alleys. In order to realize the ideal of sustainable residence, the techniques of housing complex project are continually being developed, and recently it is not hard to come across the flow of planning techniques taking especially community into consideration. At this point of time, it seems that various kinds of communities being made up on roads of traditional villages can present new directions and models to contemporary housing complex formation.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2015

The area of domestic urban design and architecture has established its original characteristics as various programs and functions were created in the drastically changing society. Such features have been presented in a certain type of patterns or unique formations, which demand a gradual development of designs in harmony with the functions and roles of the city and thus designers are forced to continue thinking deeply on this matter in their own perspectives. In particular, such demands are outstandingly high in reality in historical cities such as Andong, which this study works on. As the design contest winner is based on the geographical characteristics and locality, Confucianism and seonbi(Korean classical scholar) spirit, which are regarded as a philosophy of value, how the traditional concepts could be reflected in the plan was the focus of the discussion. The conclusions deduced from such a background include the following. First, it is necessary to make an approach on the basis of the concept in traditional architecture at the complex planning level based on the ideology in the implementation plan that requires traditionality for a complex design with contemporary functions. Second, it is important to approach this as an exploration of a solution to globalize Confucian culture in the future based on the cultural characteristics of the region and the environmental characteristics of the surroundings. Third, beginning from a concept that explains the complex to a concept that explains individual buildings, it is necessary to reflect characteristics in which the realization of a traditional space is planned in three dimensions.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

This study has been performed to explore process of forming low cost small site housing communities and residential lives of the young elderly around small cities along rural counties of America and Canada, and suggest future implications for Korea. In this study, five low cost small housing zones such as cottage and mobile home parks in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario State such as Weed, Paradise, Sun City,, Wellington on the Lake, and Trenton were visited and the elderly residents and service experts were interviewed. The senior concentrating housing clusters were formed primarily from influx of both metropolitan and rural residents for the purpose of seeking warmful localities, traffic connections, and business purposes in theme focused production areas. On the other hand, residential lives in the zones are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, integrated forms of urban and rural township need to be settled as attracting places for early retiring people who seek low cost pastoral oriented but culturally activated environment. Second, a model town of mobile housing structures needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating adaptation process of those movers. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed in order to integrate a long term master plan of establishing traditional rural town of independent housing districts. fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained for government lead retirement rural villages by limiting expansion of nursing related facilities around the independent areas. Fifth, visiting welfare service programs and volunteer groups need to be further developed for the housing area especially in winter time, when social integration and emotional comforts are extremely limited.