• Title/Summary/Keyword: Urban environmental problem

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The Periodical Trend of Urban Regeneration through Mass Media - Focused on the 1920s and 1990s - (매스미디어를 통해 본 도시재생의 시대적 동향 - 1920년대~1990년대를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sa-rang;Lee, Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.28-48
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    • 2019
  • This research is aimed at identifying the perception associated with urban regeneration and predicting policy implications of future directions by analyzing the trend of urban regeneration depicted in the mass media by utilizing SNA (Semantic-Network Analysis) techniques. As the number of articles has increased, it is noted through analysis that the interrelationships between social phenomena and issues have combined to form the meaning of urban regeneration. Overall, 'urban' and 'regeneration' keywords also appeared at different periods, with 'urban' closely related to 'regeneration' starting in 1970 when urbanization was becoming more prevalent. It was analyzed that the frequency of 'urban' appeared more frequently in the early 1990s, while the frequency of 'rural' decreased sharply. Until the 1990s, the slums and the recession that appeared as side effects of urban problem-solving policies were mostly concentrated in cities. Policy discussions were conducted with the goal of improving the physical environment of cities rather than concentrating on the surrounding rural areas. The distributions of the keywords 'development' and 'regeneration' have increased quantitatively since the 1970s, and urban polarization has exploded due to the development of the external growth of cities, mirroring the trend of accelerated environmental threats. In particular, the keywords for 'regeneration' emerged mainly related to environmental problems, which led to the need for urban regeneration, and environmentally and ecologically friendly development. The emergence of "urban," "regeneration" and "environment" as keywords having to do with urban regeneration grew in the 1990s. This suggests that urban regeneration is now linked to "environment", as that has become a social issue.

A Study on the Estimation Method of Carbon Storage Using Environmental Spatial Information and InVEST Carbon Model: Focusing on Sejong Special Self-Governing City - Using Ecological and Natural Map, Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map, and Urban Ecological Map - (환경공간정보와 InVEST Carbon 모형을 활용한 탄소저장량 추정 방법에 관한 연구: 세종시를 중심으로 - 생태·자연도, 국토환경성평가지도, 도시생태현황지도를 대상으로 -)

  • Hwang, Jin-Hoo;Jang, Rae-ik;Jeon, Seong-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2022
  • Climate change is considered a severe global problem closely related to carbon storage. However, recent urbanization and land-use changes reduce carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems. Recently, the role of protected areas has been emphasized as a countermeasure to the climate change, and protected areas allow the area to continue to serve as a carbon sink due to legal restrictions. This study attempted to expand the scope of these protected areas to an evaluation-based environmental spatial information theme map. In this study, the area of each grade was compared, and the distribution of land cover for each grade was analyzed using the Ecological and Nature Map, Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map and Urban Ecological Map of Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Based on this, the average carbon storage for each grade was derived using the InVEST Carbon model. As a result of the analysis, the high-grade area of the environmental spatial information generally showed a wide area of the natural area represented by the forest area, and accordingly, the carbon storage amount was evaluated to be high. However, there are differences in the purpose of production, evaluation items, and evaluation methods between each environmental spatial information, there are differences in area, land cover, and carbon storage. Through this study, environmental spatial information based on the evaluation map can be used for land use management in the carbon aspect, and it is expected that a management plan for each grade suitable for the characteristics of each environmental spatial information is required.

Nature-based Solutions for Climate-Adaptive Water Management: Conceptual Approaches and Challenges (기후변화대응 물관리를 위한 자연기반해법의 개념적 체계와 정책적 과제)

  • Park, Yujin;Oh, Jeill
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.177-189
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    • 2022
  • Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are defined as practical and technical approaches to restoring functioning ecosystems and biodiversity as a means to address socio-environmental challenges and provide human-nature co-benefits. This study reviews NbS-related literature to identify its key characteristics, techniques, and challenges for its application in climate-adaptive water management. The review finds that NbS has been commonly used as an umbrella term incorporating a wide range of existing ecosystem-based approaches such as low-impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP), forest landscape restoration (FLR), and blue-green infrastructure (BGI), rather than being a uniquely-situated practice. Its technical form and operation can vary significantly depending on the spatial scale (small versus large), objective (mitigation, adaptation, naturalization), and problem (water supply, quality, flooding). Commonly cited techniques include green spaces, permeable surfaces, wetlands, infiltration ponds, and riparian buffers in urban sites, while afforestation, floodplain restoration, and reed beds appear common in non- and less-urban settings. There is a greater lack of operational clarity for large-scale NbS than for small-scale NbS in urban areas. NbS can be a powerful tool that enables an integrated and coordinated action embracing not only water management, but also microclimate moderation, ecosystem conservation, and emissions reduction. This study points out the importance of developing decision-making guidelines that can inform practitioners of the selection, operation, and evaluation of NbS for specific sites. The absence of this framework is one of the obstacles to mainstreaming NbS for water management. More case studies are needed for empirical assessment of NbS.

A Case Study on Application of CPTED of Park Development Guidelines -With Suwon-City Park Development Guidelines as a Case- (공원조성 가이드라인의 CPTED 적용에 관한 사례연구 -수원시 공원조성 가이드라인을 사례로-)

  • Yeom, Sung-Jin;Hong, Youn-Soon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.97-107
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    • 2017
  • In the recent trend where crime types are being diversified along with urban expansion, we are facing the reality of a 'taking-it-out-on-somebody' crime, which targets the public rather than a specific person with criminal intent, like a 'random target crime.' A park, which is a public space for urban dwellers' and residents' leisure and rest in the midst of social changes, can be called the spot where various crimes occur. This is because it is a space without boundaries, available for the influx of many and unspecified persons, thus making it difficult to specify users. For the purpose of keeping a park safe from crime and providing users with psychological stability, this study carried out its research to get basic knowledge of the introduction of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) concept in park development. The park development guideline contents are analyzed based on the six principles of CPTED theory as per the space composition element of a park. As a result, this study found out a problem was that most guidelines applied to the space composition element of a park were fragmentary in applying the six principles of CPTED theory, and were focused on arrangement and installation of facilities.

A Study to Determine of Acceptable Noise Regulations on Roadside Noise Abatement (도로변 방음대책 수립시 합리적인 소음규정 적용에 대한 연구)

  • Son, Jung-Gon;Kim, Jeung-Tae;Jo, Yun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.550-555
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    • 2011
  • The road traffic noise has emerged major noise as the overcrowding of the urban population and the explosion of car storage capacity. There are limits for establishing the measures to meet noise standard because of the increase of high-rise building and insufficient distance between residential areas and road in urban center areas. Therefore, this study analyze the problem of the application of national road noise standard, and present the alternatives to achieve environmental standards in conjunction with the soundproofing measures. To reduce the population ratio exposed to road noise on seoul motorway, we suggest some action plane are as follows: i) Roadside noise standard of nighttime beside daytime is the first noise reduction goals ii) Noise standard of Noise and vibration control act is priority in case of existing area iii) Noise standard of basic environmental policy act is priority in case of new area.

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A Comparative Study on Teacher-Student Perception of Forest Function in Elementary School (초등학교 내 학교숲 기능에 관한 교사 - 학생간 인식 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong-Ho;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Yoon, Yong-Han
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.27 no.7
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    • pp.519-529
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    • 2018
  • With rapid economic growth, the urban environment has created a problem of human physical and mental illness. In order to solve these problems, urban forests have emerged as a way to mitigate the environmental risks through improving the polluted environment of the city and improve the quality of life. As the urban forests have expanded, the school forests movement has also been taking an important place recently. The study focused on the performance of school forests by comparing the perceptions among teachers and students about their functions. The questionnaire was composed of 4 questions concerning human matters, 10 questions for space recognition, 4 questions for thermal environment, 2 questions for health promotion, and 20 total questions for composition of survey items. The reliability of the school forest function, number of tree planting areas and quantities, the harmony of the planting, and the satisfaction of the school forest were analyzed in the questionnaire conducted by the school members. Although it does not recognize school forests, it has a positive response to the green space that is built outdoors. It is considered that outdoor education and environmental education are sufficient in school forests and green spaces. The results showed that the outdoor green space was more satisfactory when compared with the general school. Teachers and students' preferences were similar to 'seasonal changes' and' trees of various colors and shapes'. The reliability analysis between each item shows that the coefficient for cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .700 to .834. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of forest function among school forest members and to utilize them as a basic data in the future.

Deep learning-based anomaly detection in acceleration data of long-span cable-stayed bridges

  • Seungjun Lee;Jaebeom Lee;Minsun Kim;Sangmok Lee;Young-Joo Lee
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.93-103
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    • 2024
  • Despite the rapid development of sensors, structural health monitoring (SHM) still faces challenges in monitoring due to the degradation of devices and harsh environmental loads. These challenges can lead to measurement errors, missing data, or outliers, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of SHM systems. To address this problem, this study proposes a classification method that detects anomaly patterns in sensor data. The proposed classification method involves several steps. First, data scaling is conducted to adjust the scale of the raw data, which may have different magnitudes and ranges. This step ensures that the data is on the same scale, facilitating the comparison of data across different sensors. Next, informative features in the time and frequency domains are extracted and used as input for a deep neural network model. The model can effectively detect the most probable anomaly pattern, allowing for the timely identification of potential issues. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it was applied to actual data obtained from a long-span cable-stayed bridge in China. The results of the study have successfully verified the proposed method's applicability to practical SHM systems for civil infrastructures. The method has the potential to significantly enhance the safety and reliability of civil infrastructures by detecting potential issues and anomalies at an early stage.

Estimating the Efficiency of Transportation Energy Consumption based on Railway Infrastructure and Travel behavior Characteristics

  • Choi, Hyunsu;Nakagawa, Dai;Matsunaka, Ryoji;Oba, Tetsuharu;Yoon, Jongjin
    • International Journal of Railway
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.33-44
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    • 2013
  • In recent years, energy consumption in the transportation sector by expanding motorization continues to increase in almost every country in the world. Moreover, the growth rate of the transportation energy consumption is significantly higher than those of the civilian and industrial sectors. Therefore, every country strives to reduce its dependence on private transport, which is the main contributor to the transportation energy consumption. In many countries, concepts such as Transit Oriented Development (TOD) or New Urbanism, which controls road traffic by increasing the proportion of the public transportation significantly, have been implemented to encourage a modal shift to public transport. However, the level of change required for eliminating environmental problems is a challenging task. Minimizing transportation energy consumption by controlling the increase of the traffic demand and maintaining the level of urban mobility simultaneously is a pressing dilemma for each city. Grasping the impact of the diversity of the urban transport and infrastructure is very important to improve transportation energy efficiency. However, the potential for reducing urban transportation energy consumption has often been ineffectively demonstrated by the diversity of cities. Therefore, the accuracy of evaluating the current efficiency rate of the urban energy consumption is necessary. Nevertheless, quantitative analyses related to the efficiency of transportation energy consumption are scarce, and the research on the current condition of consumption efficiency based on international quantitative analysis is almost nonexistent. On the basis of this background problem definitions, this research first built a database of the transportation energy consumption of private modes in 119 cities, with an attempt to reflect individual travel behaviors calculated by Person Trip data. Subsequently, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used as an assessment method to evaluate the efficiency of transportation energy consumption by considering the diversity of the urban traffic features in the world cities. Finally, we clarified the current condition of consumption efficiency by attempting to propose a target values for improving transportation energy consumption.

Study on the Development Direction of a Smart City in Gangwon-do (강원도 스마트시티 발전방향 설정에 관한 연구)

  • Ham, Kwang-Min;Ryu, Jong-Hyun
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2021
  • This research was conducted to propose the basic direction of a smart city plan for the satisfaction of residents of Gangwon-do. Initially, the awareness of smart cities among the residents of Gangwon-do was as follows: The response "I have no idea" was 21.7% higher and "I do not know the details, but have heard of it" was 15.1% lower than the awareness among residents across the nation. Based on these results, it was confirmed that awareness was very low despite the government's smartification reinforcement policy. In addition, the residents of Gangwon-do expected that their time would be saved and their living convenience would increase but were worried that their privacy would be invaded and that the conflict between generations would intensify. Thus, it is necessary to develop a plan to enhance the awareness of smart cities, as well as a plan to enhance digital awareness. Second, based on the importance of and satisfaction with the urban problem response system examined among the residents of Gangwon-do, it seems necessary to prioritize improvements in public space control and administrative problem responses involving deteriorated parks/plazas, pedestrian environment, and administrative processing inefficiency and fairness. Additionally, the first prioritization priority of the residents of Gangwon-do was "health/welfare/medical service" (27.7%); the second and third highest priorities were "transportation service" (26.3%) and "environmental service" (19.0%), respectively. In particular, as "transportation service" was highly preferred in the Chuncheon and Wonju regions and "health/welfare/medical service" was highly preferred in the Gangneung, Sokcho, and other southern regions, it was confirmed that the level of urbanization is deeply associated with smart services.

Development of the DB-Based Energy Demand Prediction System Urban Community Energy Planning (광역도시 에너지계획단계에서의 DB기반 에너지수요예측 시스템 개발)

  • Kong, Dong-Seok;Lee, Sang-Mun;Lee, Byung-Jeong;Huh, Jung-Ho
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.940-945
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    • 2009
  • Energy planning for hybrid energy system is important to increase the flexibility in the urban community and national energy systems. Expected maximum loads, load profiles and yearly energy demands are important input parameters to plan for the technical and environmental optimal energy system for a planning area. The method for energy demand prediction has been based on artificial neural networks(ANN). The advantage of ANN with respect to the other method is their ability of modeling a multivariable problem given by the complex relationships between the variables. This method can produce 10% of errors hourly load profile from individual building to urban community. As the results of this paper, energy demand prediction system has been developed based on simulink.

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