• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian - Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transform and deposition processes in complex terrain, with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

National Housing in Janghang was built intensively from the mid 1970s to the early 1980s, and has become a collective complex at Jangma-ro and Shinchangdong-ro. This Company House is a typical building for employee welfare, at the same time shows modern industrialization and urbanization. In general, it forms a housing complex and serves as industrial town. Reflecting the characteristics of Janghang, the housing complex is called National House based on the supply method and is also classified French Styled House in terms of housing style. Although Janghang was one of small local administrative units, it pursued urban style with mini-2-story. It has the typical characteristics as follows: division of the owner's living space and rental room, and independent layout of restrooms and washrooms. House is transformed to accommodate residents' lifestyles, so National Housing Complex of Janghang has undergone various changes such as the replacement of spatial structures and exterior materials for 40 years after construction. National Housing in Janghang is a symbol of local identity and an important spatial asset that shows the urban and architectural characteristics and changes.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.587-590
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• 2007

The demand for more accurate and realistic 3D urban models has been increasing more and more. Many studies have been conducted to extract 3D features from remote sensing data such as satellite images, aerial photos, and airborne laser scanning data. In this paper a technique is presented to extract and reconstruct 3D buildings in urban areas using airborne laser scanning data. Firstly all points in a building were divided into some groups by height difference. From segmented laser scanning data of irregularly distributed points we generalized and regularized building boundaries which better approximate the real boundaries. Then the roof points which are subject to the same groups were classified using pre-defined models by least squares fitting. Finally all parameters of the roof surfaces were determined and 3D building models were constructed. Some buildings with complex shapes were selected to test our presented algorithms. The results showed that proposed approach has good potential for reconstructing complex buildings in detail using only airborne laser scanning data.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

In this study, an integrated 3D modeling and rendering system dealing with 3D urban landscape features such as terrain, building, road and user-defined geometric ones was designed and implemented using $OPENGL\;{|}\;ES$ (Embedded System) API for mobile devices of PDA. In this system, the authoring functions are composed of several parts handling urban landscape features: vertex-based geometry modeling, editing and manipulating 3D landscape objects, generating geometrically complex type features with attributes for 3D objects, and texture mapping of complex types using image library. It is a kind of feature-based system, linked with 3D geo-based spatial feature attributes. As for the rendering process, some functions are provided: optimizing of integrated multiple 3D landscape objects, and rendering of texture-mapped 3D landscape objects. By the active-synchronized process among desktop system, OPENGL-based 3D visualization system, and mobile system, it is possible to transfer and disseminate 3D feature models through both systems. In this mobile 3D urban processing system, the main graphical user interface and core components is implemented under EVC 4.0 MFC and tested at PDA running on windows mobile and Pocket Pc. It is expected that the mobile 3D geo-spatial information systems supporting registration, modeling, and rendering functions can be effectively utilized for real time 3D urban planning and 3D mobile mapping on the site.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1355-1367
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• 2007

This study summarizes the relations among $PM_{2.5}$ concentration, water-soluble ions concentration, metallic element Components characteristics and SPSS in negative ion and metallic element of $PM_{2.5}$ particle in Miryang.(By the urban area, the industrial complex area and the suburban area according to the season) $PM_{2.5}$ concentration of total 72 samples collected from 3 sites turned out to range from 3.47 to 34.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$, and the average concentration was the suburban area-the kin nup(16.00 ${\mu}g/m^3$) > the urban area-the roof of the old Miryang university(10.32 ${\mu}g/m^3$) > the industrial complex-Sapo industrial complex(10.29 ${\mu}g/m^3$). In particular, the suburban area had $PM_{2.5}$ concentration 1.5 times those of urban area, industrial complex. It was thought although the site was suburban and farm-side without pollutants around, it had a higher concentration value influenced by external factors including the brickyard, small-scale incinerator, driving range construction, construction on the Daegu-Busan express and the widening of the four-lane road between Miryang-Anyang nearby. As for water-soluble ions among $PM_{2.5}$ particle collected in Miryang area, $SO4_{2^-}$ accounted for 60% and $NO_{3^-}$, was 30% in spring and summer. And $NO_{3^-}$ accounted for 50% and $SO4_{2^-}$ was 35% in fall and winter. The AI value of metallic Components among $PM_{2.5}$ particle collected in Miryang area had a high value influenced by the apartment complex construction and the extension work of road. The industrial complex area had Zn concentration 3 times, and Fe concentration 2 times those of urban area and suburb area. When it comes to the relation with metallic elements in urban area, the highest coefficient of correlation was between Cr-Fe with 0.85, and Pb-Cd turned out in the reverse correlation. Among metallic elements, the coefficients of correlation between Zn and Cr, Mn, Fe, NI were high in industrial complex area. The highest coefficient of correlation was between Mn-Zn with 0.88, meanwhile Ni and Cu, Cd turned out in the reverse correlation in the suburb area. These coefficients of correlation are attributed to the difference in pollutant sources, rather than difference in pollutant and non-pollutant.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.556-559
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• 2007

The Urban Environmental Quality (UEQ) indicates a complex and various parameters resulting from both human and natural factors in an urban area. Vegetation, climate, air quality, and the urban infrastructure may interact to produce effects in an urban area. There are relationships among air pollution, vegetation, and degrading environmental the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study investigates the application of multi-spectral remote sensing data from the Landsat ETM and TM sensors for the mapping of air quality and UHI intensity in Seoul from 2000 to 2006 in fine resolution (30m) using the emissivity-fusion method. The Haze Optimized Transform (HOT) correction approach has been adopted for atmospheric correction on all bands except thermal band. The general UHI values (${\Delta}(T_{urban}-T_{rural})$) are 8.45 (2000), 9.14 (2001), 8.61 (2002), and $8.41^{\circ}C$ (2006), respectively. Although the UHI values are similar during these years, the spatial coverage of "hot" surface temperature (>$24^{\circ}C$) significantly increased from 2000 to 2006 due to the rapid urban development. Furthermore, high correlations between vegetation index and land surface temperature were achieved with a correlation coefficients of 0.85 (2000), 0.81 (2001), 0.84(2002), and 0.89 (2006), respectively. Air quality is shown to be an important factor in the spatial variation of UEQ. Based on the quantifiable fine resolution satellite image parameters, UEQ can promote the understanding of the complex and dynamic factors controlling urban environment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.152-162
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• 2020

In the urban and rural complex, taxis move from downtown to rural areas for business purposes, and operate a combined surcharge system that preserves losses when they back to downtown. However, complaints related to the abolition of the compound surcharge system are increasing due to deformed operation that does not fit the purpose of the system. When the combinedsurcharge system is abolished, the taxi industry can be hit hard by the decrease in profits, and local governments are inevitable to support it. However, it is difficult to set the size of the subsidy considering the decrease of actual income. This study is to estimate the income reduction in the abolition of the combined surcharge system by scientific and objective method by analyzing the DTG data and the sales data collected from the digital driving recorder installed in the corporate taxi of the urban and rural complex area (e.g., Tongyeong city). This study is meaningful in that it used DTG data to solve the current issues in the real region and suggested the use of new DTG data.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

Regarding urban design in this 21st century, cities pursue human-oriented urban design through which nature, cities, and human beings are unified and interact with one another. For such urban design maintenance, it is needed to conduct systematic analysis and synthesis on various and complex factors of cities expressing urban images. Also, it is necessary to secure methods to evaluate those cities based on urban users' visual information. Thereupon, this study aims to suggest urban design evaluation methods which accept human behavior or needs and also allow us to figure out desirable images. For this, the study established the construction system of the most basic urban design components that form cities through literature review and expert evaluation. And it examines correlation among those factors with statistic means. Through this, the study suggests a new urban design evaluation system and evaluation process divided into experts and users so as to reflect user behavior or needs.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2004

The very problem we are to touch in this study is that our own types of urban housing complex are isolated from the existing residential environment. The closed and self-completing structures of past urban housing complexes didn't develop the communal spirit and it has increased anti-city trends. With all that, this study intends to provide some materials to reform our urban housing environment through analyzing former European examples on the basis of the development of our own urban housing types which will correspond with existing urban structure and urban tissue.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1522-1530
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• 2014

High-rise residential complex type is getting important as new town development and urban regeneration in the downtown area. However, literature review of high-rise residential complex and research on satisfaction analysis of real residents are lack. Therefore, this paper is analyzing environmental friendly planning elements of high-rise building as housing subdivision, inside of building, facility, and maintenance by a survey on experts. The purpose of this paper is to suggest improvement method of environmental-friendly planning elements of high-rise residential complex by M-IPA. First, as a result, the part of housing subdivision has to keep complex land utilization, environmental-friendly transportation. Second, the part of inside of building shows that ecological housing subdivision, indoor air environment urgent and indoor temperature environment keeps maintaining. Finally, the part of facility/maintenance shows that material and facility, and index of energy management are urgently needed.