• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.257-274
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• 2016

The nonlocal static bending, buckling, free and forced vibrations of graphene nanosheets are examined based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and Taylor expansion approach. The nonlocal nanoplate model incorporates the length scale parameter which can capture the small scale effect. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton's principle and the Navier-type solution is developed for simply-supported graphene nanosheets. The analytical results are proposed for deflection, natural frequency, amplitude of forced vibration and buckling load. Moreover, the effects of nonlocal parameter, half wave number and three-dimensional sizes on the static, dynamic and stability responses of the graphene nanosheets are discussed. Some illustrative examples are also addressed to verify the present model, methodology and solution. The results show that the new nanoplate model produces larger deflection, smaller circular frequencies, amplitude and buckling load compared with the classical model.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

As de-schooling students (students who leave schools) have been produced and increased in middle and high schools every year since 1990s, urban alternative schools have founded with Seoul as the center. The objects of such urban alternative schools are de-schooling teenagers, and their educational goal is to make the students to discover their own values and grow as members of the community by accomplishing their healing and growth. Most of students in alternative schools have excessive self-centered feeling than ordinary people, and since they don't have exchanges with others, they have to receive holistic healing along with education. Here, 'healing' is a method of approaching to health through environmental, psychological, social and cultural supports unlike 'treatment' used for medical means. Therefore, holistic healing for alternative schools' students has to accomplish self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing without repulsion through spaces of healing environments instead of heavy-handed exchanges. This study has integrated a theory of Max $L{\ddot{u}}scher$ who suggested a psychological healing theory in terms of internal character and a theory of Rudolf Steiner who suggested it in terms of practical and holistic sense and analyzed Sungmisan School, one of urban alternative schools in Seoul through the integrated theory. The analysis of the integrated theory are intended to emphasize the importance of healing environments and suggest methods in creating healing environments for urban alternative schools in the future.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.511-529
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to identify the needs assessment for urban agricultural program. The findings were as follows; Citizens at urban cities said that educational program of 'shortage of farming technology education' should be developed, and wanted to be given 'farming technology' of urban agriculture education area more than other education areas. The citizens asked for urban agricultural program with both theories and practice education than existing urban agricultural program that relied upon basic theory education. And, they wanted urban agricultural program that was based on 'farming technology' to consist of practice education and theory education at the ratio of 80 and 20 and to be professional and differentiated. The citizens preferred 3 to 6 months of education period the most, and more than 95 percent of them wanted to join the program when it is developed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.863-870
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• 2004

The main objectives of this research are to analyse and evaluate the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city as the collaborative urban environment improvement initiative in South Korea using the actor network theory concept. Local authorities are unable to effectively and efficiently improve urban environment because of their limited statutory and financial powers. This inability crucially led to the formation of the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city with building a coalition of the local people, interest groups and public and non-governmental organisations in the operational processes in order to improve the physical and social urban environments. Furthermore, co-ordination between local authorities and landscape architecture specialists not only to change the way in which they tackle urban environmental problems but also to make the local people aware of their potential ability in positively improving the urban environment.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

This study examines factors determining contemporary Chinese households' food away from home (FAFH) expenditures using Becker's household production theory. Data came from the 2000 urban household survey in Guangdong Province, collected by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of China. It was revealed that the contemporary urban Chinese wives also substitute their household work by time-saving product, FAFH, as Becker's household production theory postulated. This suggests the important role of time-value (opportunity cost) in determining household FAFH expenditure across the cultures.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.4 s.40
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• pp.89-105
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• 2004

This paper investigates morphological theory as an intellectual framework for research and design. The first part of the paper will review morphological studies in the fields of urban geography, urban planning and architecture, particularly in England from the 1940s to the 1980s. While urban geographers and planners were concerned primarily with town plans, building forms and land use, architectural theoreticians were more interested in the topological relationship between urban and architectural space. The underlying premises and principles of these two approaches will be reviewed. The second part of the paper will focus on typology in Europe and North America. The reinterpretation of typology by Italian architects helped to bridge the gap between individual elements of architecture and the overall form of the city. However, typological theory became less accessible in post-war England and the United States. After 1980, the debate on typology became muted by the onset of vague notions such as functionalism, bio-technical determinism, and contextualism. This paper will propose a redefinition of morphology as a heuristic device, in contrast with the dichotomic view of urban morphology and architectural typology. Morphology will be shown to combine the geometrical and topological; the intentional and accidental; the real and abstract; and a priori and a posteriori. The last part of the paper discusses the lack of comparative theories and methods surrounding the physical form of architecture and the city by Korea commentators. Empirically rooted facility planning, non-comparative historical studies, and iconographic criticism emerged as a central preoccupation of architectural culture between the 1960s and 1980s, a time when international debate on architecture and urbanism was most intense. This paper will give consideration to the built environment as a dynamic physical entity and space as an epiphenomenon of daily urban life, such that collaboration between urban designers, architects, and landscape architects is seen as both beneficial and necessary.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.422-431
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• 2003

Theory of the building heat transfer is generally limited to the heat flux to the surfaces of windows and walls, which influences the indoor climate of a building, in the field of architectural environmental engineering. While the heat flux from the buildings to their environment has been considered in the viewpoint of urban climate, its conventional theory have been rarely examined. The purpose of this study is to propose a building-urban heat transfer model for defining the relation between the building and the urban climate by extending the building heat transfer model. In this study, the extended building heat transfer model, where response factor method is used, is established on the urban space and the indoor space by the boundary of building envelopes. Computer simulation (HASP/ACLD) is conducted on the subjected urban area by the established building-urban heat transfer model. As a result it is logically proved that the short waves of solar radiation, which interact with long Waves of radiation from the buildings and the earth, increase the urban air temperature ana buildings largely influence on the urban climate.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine urban built environments associated with the walking behavior in order to identify the problem of urban infrastructure from the perspective of Universal design theory. Using the walkability criteria developed based on the findings of previous studies on Universal design theory and walking environment, the urban built environments in old town area of Seoul were evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicated that the pedestrian infrastructure in the study area had several shortcomings to improve in order to provide walking-friendly environments. First, the pedestrian infrastructure for visually impaired people were severely limited. Second, walking traffics in large portion of the street networks were interrupted by a variety of obstacles such as parked cars, signboards, and illegal street shops. Third, there were certain areas where the quality of pavement was not properly managed. In summary, this study provides an empirical data to understand the current situation of pedestrian infrastructure in the urban areas. Improvement of pedestrian infrastructure is needed to address the issues related to the mobility of the disabled people. It is also recommended to construct the GIS data on walking environment in order to develop and mange a long-term public investment plan for walking-friendly urban environments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.200-217
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the urban spatial network of Busan in a time-series manner to examine the planning role of centeral area change and spatial management. The analysis method used the ASA(Angular Segment Analysis) technique of the space syntax theory, and the analysis period was divided into three periods from 1937 to 2022, when the Busan urban planning was established. As the result, the center area formed in Nampo-dong and Gwangbok-dong were differentiated and moved to Seomyeon, and then the process of redifferentiated into Yeonsan was confirmed in Seomyeon. It is also room for the center area to move to the western region in the future, and it was possible to identify the center area formed by the policy-set and amenity elements. In addition, we examined the system of urban spatial structure through the intelligibility analysis of space syntax theory, and found that the qualitative interpretation of existing studies and the interpretation from the perspective of space syntax theory were consistent with each other. Through this, it was possible to confirm that the role of the plan for space management.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-86
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• 1992