• Title/Summary/Keyword: Urban Structure and System

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A frame structure of modified ATSC system for terrestial 3D HDTV broadcasting (지상파 3D HDTV 방송을 위한 수정된 ATSC 전송 시스템의 프레임 구조에 대한 연구)

  • Oh, Jong-Gyu;Kim, Joon-Tae
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.257-259
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 지상파 3D HDTV 방송 서비스를 제공하기 위해 수정된 ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) 전송 시스템 [2]을 위한 시변다중경로채널에 강인한 프레임 구조를 제안하고 성능을 측정하였다. 수정된 ATSC 전송 시스템 [2]은 기존 ATSC 전송 시스템[1]의 채널 부호화부를 수정하고, 변조 성상도를 증가 시키면서 적정한 수준의 TOV (Threshold of Visibility)에서의 전송 용량 증대 가능성을 확인하였다. 이를 토대로, 증가된 전송 데이터 전송률에 대한 순수 데이터 전송률을 최대한 보장하면서 시변다중경로채널에서 효율적으로 채널을 추정하고 복구하기 위해, ISI (Inter Symbol Interference)를 방지하기 위한 프레임 헤더의 보호구간에 알려진 PN (Pseudorandom Noise) 심벌을 삽입하였다. PN 심벌을 보호 구간에 이용할 경우 시간 영역에서 채널 임펄스 응답 (CIR: Channel Impulse Response)을 추정하여, 주파수 영역에서의 채널 보상을 가능케 하여 정확한 채널 추정 및 보상을 수행할 수 있다. 또한 수신기의 속도에 따른 다양한 최대 도플러 주파수가 존재하는 채널에 강인한 프레임 구조들을 제안하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 수정된 ATSC 전송 시스템에 제안된 프레임 구조를 적용하여 TU (Typical Urban)-6 채널에서의 SER (Symbol Error Rate) 성능을 측정하였다.

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Land Bank Bond for the Diversification of Land Bank Financing Resources: Comparative Case Study and the Improvement of Legal, Accounting System (토지비축의 안정적 재원조달을 위한 토지은행채권 도입방안: 사례 비교를 통한 법·제도·회계처리 개선방안을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jong-Kwon;Choi, Eun-Hee
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.333-341
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    • 2012
  • The financial resources for public land banking enacted by Public Land Banking Act (2009) are LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) contributions, LH Bond, Land Bank revenues, etc. But, in real, the efficient funding resource is mainly LH bond. In these days, LH has experienced deep financial distress, and difficulties in issuing it's bond. Therefore, Land Banking project also has been inactivated because of poor financial resources. As Land Banking project depending its financial resources mainly on LH Bond does not have financial sustainability, it is necessary to reform the fundamental funding structure. This is the starting point for the topic of this paper. This paper suggests to reform the funding structure, and to introduce Land Bank Bond guaranteed by Government, and also to modify the accounting method of Land Bank to separate the Land Bank accounts with LH accounts. The funding structure reform can be summarized as follows; In early stage of the Land Banking project, sufficient government support by guaranteeing the Land Bank Bond is necessary. Gradually, the portion of LH's contribution can be increased in company with LH's financial distress being solved and administration being normalized. When the project reached on the stage of maturity, cash inflows by selling the reserved land can exceed the cash outflows for reserve new land. To introduce the Land Bank Bond guaranteed by government, the Public Land Banking Act (2009) should be revised. Along with this, to modify the accounting method of Land Bank, the rule for public enterprise accounting system must be partially revised.

A Study on the Spatial Structure and landscape techniques of the Central Government Office(中央官衙) reviewed through the 'Sukchunjeado(宿踐諸衙圖)' ('숙천제아도(宿踐諸衙圖)'를 통해 본 조선시대 중앙관아의 공간구조와 조경기법)

  • Shin, Sang-sup;Kim, Hyun-wuk;Park, Young-kwan
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.42-59
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    • 2014
  • Han Pilgyo (1807~1878) was a scholar-official in the later period of the Joseon Dynasty. The research results on spatial structure and landscape techniques of the central government office reviewed through the Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) album collection edited by Han Pilgyo are as follows. First, Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) using Sabangjeondomyobeob(四方顚倒描法, a Korean traditional drawing type) is uniquely proven historical data which helps to understand the spatial structure of the center and local government offices and the characteristics of cultural landscape. Secondly, the central government office located in Yookcho(六曹) Street which is the outside Gwanghwamun(光化門) of the Main Palace(Gyeongbokgung, 景福宮) of the Joseon Dynasty has a center facility(Dangsangdaecheong, 堂上大廳) and attached buildings which are distributed from high to low or from left to right, according to its order of presidency in square-shaped portion of land. The main building was located facing south and by considering the administrative convenience, the environmental effect and the practice of Confucian norms this structure reflects a hierarchical landuse system. Thirdly, the main buildings such as Dangsangdaecheong and Hyangcheong(鄕廳), which are the working place for government officials had large square front yards for constructing a practical patio garden. The back garden was tended to reflect the meaning landscape, with such as pond and pavilion. A particular point was the repeated crossing of active space and passive space(movement and stillness, building and yard, yard and garden), which implements the Yin-Yang principle. Fourth, the characteristics that can be extracted from the central government office landscapes are (1) expandability of outdoor space, connects of front gardens, emphasizes the characteristic of serviceable gardens and back gardens, which in turn emphasizes scenic sides, (2) introduction of water features(square-shaped ponds) that can be used as fire-water and considers environmental-amenity and landscape characteristics, (3) introduction of pavilions for relaxation, mental and physical discipline, and the development of back gardens, (4) significance of Jeongsimsoo(庭心樹) in such things as selection of concise landscape plants like lotus, willow, pine, zelkova and so on, and limited plant introduction, (5) environmental design techniques which set importance on not only aesthetics and ideality but also practical value. Thus, these aspects of the government office landscape can be said to be the universality and particularity of Korean traditional landscape technique and can be extracted similarly in the palaces, temples, lecture halls, and houses of the upper class of the Joseon Dynasty.

Performance Evaluation of Hydrocyclone Filter for Treatment of Micro Particles in Storm Runoff (Hydrocyclone Filter 장치를 이용한 강우유출수내 미세입자 제거특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Bang, Ki-Woong;Hong, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.11
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    • pp.1007-1018
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    • 2009
  • Hydrocyclone is widely used in industry, because of its simplicity in design, high capacity, low maintenance and operational cost. The separation action of a hydrocyclone treating particulate slurry is a consequence of the swirling flow that produces a centrifugal force on the fluid and suspended particles. In spite of hydrocyclone have many advantage, the application for treatment of urban stormwater case study were rare. We conducted a laboratory scale study on treatable potential of micro particles using hydrocyclone filter (HCF) that was a combined modified hydrocyclone with perlite filter cartridge. Since it was not easy to use actual storm water in the scaled-down hydraulic model investigations, it was necessary to reproduce ranges of particles sizes with synthetic materials. The synthesized storm runoff was made with water and addition of particles; ion exchange resin, road sediment, commercial area manhole sediment, and silica gel particles. Experimental studies have been carried out about the particle separation performance of HCF-open system and HCF-closed system. The principal structural differences of these HCFs are underflow zone structure and vortex finder. HCF was made of acryl resin with 120 mm of diameter hydrocyclone and 250 mm of diameter filter chamber and overall height of 800 mm. To determine the removal efficiency for various influent concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), tests were performed with different operational conditions. The operated maximum of surface loading rate was about 700 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-open system, and 1,200 $m^3/m^2$/day for HCF-closed system. It was found that particle removal efficiency for the HCF-closed system is better than the HCF-open system under same surface loading rate. Results showed that SS removal efficiency with the HCF-closed system improved by about 8~20% compared with HCF-open system. The average removal efficiency difference for HCF-closed system between measurement and CFD particle tracking simulation was about 4%.

Institutional approaches in geography -Institutional changes in the Korean financial system- (지리학에서 제도적 접근법에 관한 연구 -한국금융부문의 제도적 변 화를 사례로-)

  • Choi, Jae Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.364-388
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    • 1995
  • Even though rarely recognized as a separate approach, the institutional approach in geography is defined as an attempt to seek an explanation of the phenomena of geographical interest through focusing on the effects of institutional structure and actions. It can provide interdisciplinary links with other works and can offer complementary explanations for geographical interests. The concerns for institutions in geography can be found in early studies, the study of the state, the managerial approach, and the regulation approach. The Korean financial systems can provide good examples to apply institutional concepts into creating spatial outcomes, as it has been regarded as a useful tool to promote Korean economic development. Behind the current spatial pattern of financial systems, four different stages of institutional changes are identified in Korea. Each stage has different institutional features reflecting unique spatial implication.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Vegetation Landscape of Fortress of Jeonju District in Represented on the (<전주지도>에 표현된 조선 후기 전주부성의 식생경관상)

  • Kang, In-ae;Rho, Jae-hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to find out the characteristics of the vegetation landscape characteristics and system which led the formation of the urban image in Jeonju in the late Joseon period connected with urban spatial structure, using designated as treasure No. 1586 which was made in the middle of 18C. The vegetation landscape characteristics of Jeonju in the late Joseon Dynasty derived from the analysis of are summarized as follows. Firstly, the vegetation landscape system in Jeonju is composed of the natural vegetation around mountain area of Jeonju-Buseong, the independent vegetation or cluster planting forests linked with the main facilities, the Bibo-Forests connected with topographical characteristics of Jeonju, and the vegetation combined with a private garden. Secondly, planting landscape was specialized using flag species and local species. Thirdly, the garden-type plantation centered on the back yard or front of main facilities, with the background of natural vegetation landscape combined with the mountain area and the vegetation combined with a private garden, dominates vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong as objects. Fourthly, in order to overcome the defects of topographical characteristics, the Bibo-Forests were emphasized as an important planting landscape element in addition to the vegetation landscape elements connected with main facilities. Fifth, ecological vegetation landscape technique was taken considering the topographical characteristics. The characteristics of vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong, which is derived from , have an important meaning to restore and reproduce Jeonju's historical features. Especially, the vegetation communities of the non-booming concept combined with the geographical features, the ecological landscape harmonizing with the topography, the round house type landscape mixed with the private house, and the specialization of vegetation landscape using local species are important factors in securing the city image based on the historical characteristics and creating a city brand that utilizes vegetation landscape.

Representing City Image as Regional Geographic Knowledge: Ontology Modeling Approach (온톨로지 방법론을 이용한 지역지리 지식으로서 도시이미지의 표현)

  • Hong, Il-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.74-93
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    • 2010
  • Nowadays, the navigation system is very popular to general public and the study of landmarks has an important role to develop the cognitive systems for regional navigation. The city image is composed of landmarks that are well-known to regional community and they are the reference frame for place recognition in urban navigation. In general, the case of navigation can be categorized as two kinds. The first is to explore the new region and the second is to navigate the familiar region. In case of latter, the city image has a critical role in place recognition for regional community. Place recognition of a community might be a knowledge-based inference on the basis of city image which is composed of the systematically connected places. In this study, the mental structure of urban image is regarded as a hierarchical knowledge and represents it as domain ontology for the regional navigation of a community. The city image of a community is assumed as the collection of landmarks, which are categorized as anchor, distant and local according to spatial familiarity of community. Representing city image as a regional knowledge using ontology modeling method is an essential step to make the geographical assumption of a regional community explicit and reusable for the regional agents who will provide the regional guide in LBS age.

Planting Managements for Improvement of Species Diversity in Recreational Forest - A Case Study of Chukryongsan Recreational Forest, Gyeonggi-do - (자연휴양림의 종다양성 증진을 위한 식생관리 방안 연구 - 경기도 축령산자연휴양림을 사례로 -)

  • Lee, Tae-Sun;Lee, Kyong-Jae;Choi, Byuong-Un;Park, Seok-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.351-362
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    • 2010
  • This study was supposed to offer vegetation plans for functional improvement of the recreational forest by researching Mt. Chukryong which is located at Oebang-li Sudong-Myon Namyangju Kyong-gi Province in Korea. In this study, artificial vegetation and natural vegetation near trails in recreational forest were researched through biodiversity analysis. From this analysis process, a typical management improvement of the biodiversity functions were examined by reviewing functions biotope condition, vegetation structure and wild bird community condition. Typical vegetation system was divided into four detail parts: Managed artificial Pinus koraiensis forest, Not managed artificial Pinus koraiensis forest, Natural deciduous forest and Not managed deciduous forest. As a result of the vegetation structure, the numerical value of the deciduous forest species diversity was higher than that of artificial Pinus koraiensis, and the numerical value of the managed condition was higher than that of not managed condition. As a result of a habitat structure analysis of the wild bird community, managed Pinus koraiensis forests were inadequate structure for wild birds to habit in there because the forests had weak structure layers, but unmanaged deciduous forest and unmanaged Pinus koraiensis that had diverse layers was proper places for birds to in habit. Thus, based on the functional analysis of biodiversity, management patterns of the target area were concluded in two manners: conserving management and restoring management. Deciduous forest protection target areas included natural deciduous forest area and managed deciduous forest area, ecological restoration target area included unmanaged artificial Pinus koraiensis area and restoring management target area includes managed artificial Pinus koraiensis.

A Comparative Study on Primary Health Care in Republic of Korea and Republic of Uzbekistan

  • Dronina, Yuliya;Moon, Jiyoung;Nam, Eun Woo
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.256-266
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    • 2017
  • Background: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. Results: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. Conclusion: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.

Characteristics and Comparison of 2016 and 2018 Heat Wave in Korea (2016년과 2018년 한반도 폭염의 특징 비교와 분석)

  • Lee, Hee-Dong;Min, Ki-Hong;Bae, Jeong-Ho;Cha, Dong-Hyun
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzed and compared development mechanisms leading to heat waves of 2016 and 2018 in Korea. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim (ERA Interim) dataset and Automated Surface Observing System data are used for synoptic scale analysis. The synoptic conditions are investigated using geopotential height, temperature, equivalent potential temperature, thickness, potential vorticity, omega, outgoing longwave radiation, and blocking index, etc. Heat waves in South Korea occur in relation to Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) pressure system which moves northwestward to East Asia during summer season. Especially in 2018, WNPSH intensified due to strong large-scale circulation associated with convective activities in the Philippine Sea, and moved farther north to Korea when compared to 2016. In addition, the Tibetan high near the tropopause settled over Northern China on top of WNPSH creating a very strong anticyclonic structure in the upper-level over the Korean Peninsula. Unlike 2018, WNPSH was weaker and centered over the East China Sea in 2016. Analysis of blocking indices show wide blocking phenomena over the North Pacific and the Eurasian continent during heat wave event in both years. The strong upper-level ridge which was positioned zonally near 60°N, made the WNPSH over the South Korea stagnant in both years. Analysis of heat wave intensity (HWI) and duration (HWD) show that HWI and HWD in 2018 was both strong leading to extreme high temperatures. In 2016 however, HWI was relatively weak compared to HWD. The longevity of HWD is attributed to atmosphere blocking in the surrounding Eurasian continent.