• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.338-343
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• 2013

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a delivery method fully capitalizes on an integrated project team that takes advantage of the knowledge of all team members to maximize project outcomes. IPD is currently the highest form of collaboration available because all three core project stakeholders, owner, designer and contractor, are aligned to the same purpose. Compared with traditional project delivery approaches such as Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design-Build (DB), and CM at-Risk, IPD is distinguished in that it eliminates the adversarial nature of the business by encouraging transparency, open communication, honesty and collaboration among all project stakeholders. The team appropriately shares the project risk and reward. Sharing reward is easy, while it is hard to fairly share a failure. So the compensation structure and the contingency in IPD are very different from those in traditional delivery methods and they are expected to encourage motivation, inspiration and creativity of all project stakeholders to achieve project success. This paper investigates the compensation structure in IPD and provides a method to determine the proper level of contingency allocation to reduce the risk of cost overrun. It also proposes a method in which contingency could be used as a functional monetary incentive when established to produce the desired level of collaboration in IPD. Based on the compensation structure scenario discovered, a probabilistic contingency calculation model was created by evaluating the random nature of changes and various risk drivers. The model can be used by the IPD team to forecast the probability of the cost overrun and equip the IPD team with confidence to really enjoy the benefits of collaborative team work.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.615-624
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• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.61-84
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present foundational data to promote the cultural welfare status of youth. The actual condition of the youth's cultural welfare was investigated by investigating the degree of youth's cultural welfare satisfaction and needs by regional groups. A total of 1486 questionnaires were used for the final data analysis. The analysis revealed the following results. 1. Actual conditions of adolescents cultural welfare. 1) Among various cultural activities, adolescents find leisure and social activity, artistic, mass media and video-media activities very boring and one-sided, Instead, they have greater interest in computer- and Internet-related activities, such as getting and sharing information and communication. 2) While adolescents living in urban areas benefit from well developed social infra-structure, those living in rural areas seldom take advantage of it. 3) The obstacles against cultural welfare of the youth can be categorized as: 'lack of money,' 'lack of time,' and 'lack of cultural facilities. ' In urban areas 'lack of time' becomes an issue, whereas in rural areas 'lack of money' and 'lack of cultual facilities' are important. 2. Degree of cultural welfare satisfaction of the youths. Youths generally appear either 'unsatisfied' or 'neutral' concerning their satisfaction degree about leisure and social activity parts, and art and play-activity paris. On the other hand, they appear 'neutral' concerning their satisfaction degree about computer- and Internet-related information and communication parts, and mass- and video-media activity parts. In addition, urban youths show a higher degree of satisfaction than rural youths. 3. What the youths need To improve their culture welfare status, they need a lot of supplements for cultural activity in the form of cultural infra-structure. Regarding the cultural infra-structure, rural youths need more than urban youths.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6118-6127
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• 2012

메소포타미아 문명은 서기전 3800년경에 시작된 수메르 문명에서 시작하여 서기전 600년경 사라진 아시리아와 바빌로니아 문명에 이르기까지 지리적 특징으로 인해 중첩되며 발달하였다. 하기에 3000여년간 지속된 도시의 변화과정을 살펴봄은 초창기 인류문명과 도시에 어떤 요소들이 중요하게 작용 되었는지를 알 수 있는 중요한 동기가 된다. 이 시기에 있었던 30여개의 도시 중 13개의 도시를 선정하여 분석한 결과 첫째 도시의 기능이 농경문화에서 점차 상업, 무역, 군사기능으로 전환되고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 둘째 도시의 위치가 도시기능과 연관되어 메소포타미아 남부에서 점차 북부로 이동하고 있었고, 셋째 도시의 형태는 '텔' 이라는 구릉위의 도시형태가 점차 평지로 내려오고 있었고 나중에는 지형에 의지하지 않는 계획도시의 형태를 띄게 되었으며, 넷째 신전중심의 도시구조가 왕궁중심의 도시 구조로 서서히 변화하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.667-681
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• 2020

Background and objective: Recently, there has been an increasing need for relaxation and familiarity with nature in residential and living spaces faced daily by urban residents, leading to a growing social interest in urban gardens. The aim of this study was to determine how gardens in a city provide physical and social benefits, comparing cases in Korea and overseas. Methods: We used the keywords "garden" and "city" for Korea, and "urban," "garden," and "green" for overseas. We then determined the Korean and overseas research trends in urban gardens by analyzing 63 Korean and 90 overseas articles deemed suitable for this study. Results: As to the types of urban gardens, the most significant type was community gardens, both in Korea and overseas (30.2% and 48.6%, respectively), followed by rooftop gardens in Korea (22.2%) and kitchen gardens overseas (22.2%). Due to the narrow and complex urban structure in Korea, people focus on using rooftop, wall, and alley spaces, and tend to arrange container-type flexible gardens. Overseas there has been a focus on promoting health and reducing food inequality through allotment and kitchen gardens, and a tendency to use a larger area as a fixed form than Korea. In addition, it was found that gardens in urban areas had a positive effect on urban biodiversity. Conclusion: To sum up, gardens in Korea are close to living spaces, and gardens overseas influence the ecosystem with an emphasis on food production. Therefore, creating urban gardens is a method of urban regeneration with a high utility that goes beyond mere food production, both in Korea and overseas, providing comprehensive benefits for the environment (37.73%) and society (62.27%). As such, continuous research on this area of study is needed to create policy guidelines for Korea.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

This study has been performed to analyze housing status in later life. In this study, 234 Koreans aged 60 or more were interviewed for their current housing status. The results are drawn as follows: 1. The household size does not highly fluctuate in later life; it ranges from three to five overall. But there is a trend difference over region; The household size continuously increases until 70's in urban area, but it shows increase & decrease changes over five-year intervals. 2. The number of bedrooms slightly ranges from 3- to 3.8 over urban and rural areas without noticeable trend for age intervals. 3. Use of indoor area has regional difference; It ranges from 28 to 40 pyoung in urban area, but it does more widely form 27.7 to 50 in rural area. 4. There is a most significant region effect on structure type for the elderly; For the urban elderly, proportion of those living in single detached dwelling consistently decreases as age increases. For the rural elderly on the other hand, the rate of those living in single detached dwelling sharply increases in their 70's and the rate reaches 85.7%. 5. For the ownership trend, more than 70% of the elderly are home owners at the age 60-64, but the rate continuously decreases in later life stage while the rate of those living in their children-owned home increases.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the landscape characteristics and the physical factors of landscape would affect the preference for the Gapcheon in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The Gapcheon was divided in three sections of the outskirts, Expopark areas, and residential complexes. After selecting seven landscape points where the sections could be expressed best, photographs were taken both in the upstream and downstream direction. The questionnaire used to evaluate the river's landscape included 20 items of adverbs that described the form of the river and one item to rate the overall preference. By analyzing the 14 pictures taken, the occupancy rates of the landscape elements in terms of the sky, river, vegetation of the river, mountain, and artificial structures. Image factor analysis was conducted for each of the sections in order to analyze the landscape characteristics of the Gapcheon, and then regression analysis was conducted in order to analyze the relationships among the physical factors influencing the preference of the landscapes. The results were as follows : Factors that compose the visual characters of urban river were classified be the aesthetic factor, the emotional factor and the situation factor. These 3 factors showed a 65.8% total variance. The river landscape with the biggest preference was the one from the Daedeok Grand Bridge as the occupancy area of the mountain, sky, and river was large and distributed evenly and the vegetation of the river was in a good harmony with the surroundings. After carrying out regression analysis to examine the relationships between the visual preference of Gapcheon and the physical factors of landscape(the sky, river, vegetation of the river, mountain, and artificial structure), the following regressions model was made : PRE=5.906+0.017(river)-0.053(artificial structure)-0.060(vegetation of the river) (R-square=0.48).

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Recently, the studio which is urban housing form is rapidly growing up by new residential space according to increasing 1~2 person households form because of Modern members who have changing patterns of life and diversification of social values. The resident of the studio who lives or uses the space for a work such as students, office worker and soho-jok has various characters by a society nature changes and a regional peculiarity. The studio form and function is getting change according to variety trend changes and their life styles. The role and use of residential space also have variety such as the resident who lives in the studio. This study is to find the space utilization for them and reasonable housing solution in that structure, furniture and Wall Storage System of existing studio which is based on the common life patterns. The study's purpose is to propose the furniture design of changeable Wall Storage System according to the analysis.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2014

본 연구는 조선시대 읍치로부터 성장한 지방 소도읍의 하나인 고산을 대상으로 형태학적 개념과 연계하여 도시의 형성 발달과정에서 나타나는 형태구조와 도시평면 변화과정을 시계열적으로 분석해보고 시기별 형태특성을 도출해보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 고산의 도시형태 분석을 위하여 콘젠과 카니지아가 설정한 도시형태 분석개념을 토대로 형태구조, 도시평면, 경로체계, 개발규정선, 전이지대, 중심지구, 평면단위, 형태시기, 브레이크 포인트, 자투리필지, 유휴지, 사유화 등의 개념을 도입하였다. 고산현시대에 골격이 형성된 고산의 도시형태 변천과정에는 도시형태 형성-구시가(kernel)의 형태구조 해체 재편-중심지구(epidome district)의 형성 발달-확장형 충진-중심지구 확장 재편으로 이어지는 순환적 사이클이 존재하고 있다. 공공사업은 고산의 형태구조와 도시평면의 변화를 주도하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 초기 단계 고산의 형태적 변화과정에는 간선경로로서 구시가(kernel)을 관통하며 개설된 신작로(고산로)와 이를 연결하는 계획로가 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다. 신작로 개설을 계기로 T(십(十))자형 골격도로체계를 바탕으로 구시가의 대부분을 점유하고 있던 관아시설구역의 평면단위가 소블록 단위의 개방형 평면단위로 전이되었다. 이와 더불어 신작로와 시장 경계도로를 따라 상가가 들어서면서 선형의 평면단위를 지니는 노선상가와 시장이 어우러진 근대적 중심지구를 형성하게 되었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out differences in the removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) depending on the type of plants and the morphological characteristics of leaves. A total of 12 plants were used, with three plants selected for each type of leaves (big leaf, small leaf, compound leaf, needle leaf). We measured the removed amount of PM10 and PM2.5, the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer of each plant. Plants with the high removal efficiency of PM included Pachira aquatica Aubl., Ardisia crenata, and Dieffenbachia 'Marianne', and plants with the low removal efficiency included Nandina domestica Thunb, Schefflera arboricola, and Quercus dentata. The abaxial leaf surface having a high removal efficiency of PM had many large wrinkles, and the abaxial leaf surface having a medium removal efficiency was flat and smooth. On the other hand, there were many fine hairs on the abaxial leaf surface with a low removal efficiency. According to the plant leaf type, the PM10 removal efficiency of plants with needle leaves was about three times higher than that of other plants. In particular, the wax layer of conifers weighed 6-24 times higher than those of other plants. The stomata of conifers were evenly distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces; however, the stomata of Sciadopitys verticillata appeared in the form of papillae unlike general stomata. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PM varied depending on the macro-, and micro-morphological characteristics of plant leaves such as the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer. Based on this research, selecting plants that are effective in reducing PM in consideration of the plant type and leaf characteristics will improve indoor air quality and decrease exposure of PM to human body.