• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.4759-4780
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• 2017

Full Dimension multiple input multiple output (FD-MIMO) architecture employs a planar array design at the Base Station (BS) to provide high order multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) via simultaneous data transmission to large number of users. With FD-MIMO, the BS can also adjust the beam direction in both elevation and azimuth direction to concentrate the energy on the user of interests while minimizing the interference leakage to co-scheduled users in the same cell or users in the neighboring cells. In a typical highly populated macrocell environment, modelling the elevation angular characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) channel is critical to understanding the performance limits of the FD-MIMO system. In this paper, we study the throughput performance of FD-MIMO system with varying elevation angular spread and inter-element spacing using a 3D spatial channel model. Our results show that for a typical urban scenario, horizontal beamforming with correlated antenna spacing achieves optimal performance but by restricting the spread of elevation angles of departure, elevation beamforming achieves high array gain with wide inter-element spacing. We also realize significant gains due to spatial array processing via modelling the elevation domain and varying the inter-element spacing for both the transmitter and receiver.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine spatial composition elements of the public sector through medium-sized first class urban hotels of Korea and Japan, the two countries with geopolitical closeness and high cultural and economic correlation, and to provide data needed for devising future urban hotel plans. The scope of this study included case studies on medium-sized first class urban hotels (10 urban hotels with concours composition type in the public sector) located in downtowns of Korea (5 hotels) and Japan (5 hotels). The study was conducted by analysis of drawing based on review of preceding studies and literature, and on-site survey. The results of survey and analysis on physical spatial elements shown in medium-sized urban hotels of Korea and Japan with concours composition type among composition types in the public sector are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing spatial elements of medium-sized urban hotels in the public sector, an in-depth checklist must be prepared with consideration on intimate correlation between elements to devise a construction spatial plan for urban hotel in the future. Second, as a result of comparatively analyzing area ratio for each function (public sector, sales sector and service sector) through area analysis on the lower floors of medium-sized urban hotels, reference data for planning were found in regards to spatial composition ratio of the public sector. Third, as a result of analyzing spatial elements of lobby hall and traffic line of visitors on the lower floors of medium-sized urban hotels in the public sector, there was a substantial difference between hotels of Korea and Japan.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2006

With the rapid development of spatial infrastructure in US, Europe, Japan, China and India, there is no doubt that the next generation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) will improve the integrity, accuracy, reliability and availability of the position solution. GNSS is becoming an essential element of personal, commercial and public infrastructure and consequently part of our daily lives. However, the applicability of GPS in supporting a range of location-sensitive applications such as location based services in an urban environment is severely curtailed by the interference of the 3D urban settings. To characterize and gain in-depth understanding of such interferences and to be able to provide location-based optimization alternatives, a high-fidelity 3D urban model of Melbourne CBD built with ArcGIS and large scale high-resolution spatial data sets is used in this study to support a comprehensive simulation of current and future GNSS signal performance, in terms of signal continuity, availability, strength, geometry, positioning accuracy and reliability based on a number of scenarios. The design, structure and major components of the simulator are outlined. Useful time-stamped spatial patterns of the signal performance over the experimental urban area have been revealed which are valuable for supporting location based services applications, such as emergency responses, the optimization of wireless communication infrastructures and vehicle navigation services.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2021

Urban green spaces supply ecosystem services (ESs), which are consumed by city residents and generate demand, to improve air quality. It is important to determine supply and demand for ESs and reduce the gap for efficient management. This study proposed a method to use the concept of supply and demand for ESs in the decision-making process for urban planning or management. PM₁₀ concentrations were converted to weight for demand assessment on PM₁₀ reduction, and PM₁₀ absorption capacity of all green spaces including the forests, and that of urban green spaces excluding forests, was calculated for each supply assessment. The differences in the calculated supply and demand were analyzed to derive the mismatched regions in Suwon. As a result, regions with big forested areas showed sufficient supply, indicating that the degree of mismatch among administrative neighborhoods (dong) varied greatly depending on whether they had a forest. An analysis of only urban green spaces showed that all neighborhoods lacked supply. Forests with high PM₁₀ absorption capacity had a great effect, but urban green spaces can be considered a key element in reducing PM₁₀ in daily life. Considering the mismatch of supply and demand, spatial distribution, and population distribution, it is possible to prioritize the supply of urban green spaces to reduce PM₁₀ and, furthermore, support decision making for priority zones subject to forest conservation and designation and cancellation of green spaces, which gives significance to this study.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-135
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• 2017

도시 생애 주기에 따른 도시 노후화와 도시재생 정책에 관한 관심이 최근 급증하고 있고, 도시 쇠퇴의 가시적인 지표로 대표적인 사례인 공폐가의 발생과 활용 방안에 대한 관심 역시 최근 들어 그 중요성이 커지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 2016년 4월 기준 광주광역시 공폐가 데이터를 이용하여 지리정보시스템과 공간통계기법을 활용하여 공폐가 발생의 공간적 분포 특성과 지역에 따른 공폐가 발생의 유형을 분석하였다. 공폐가 발생의 유형은 "도시재생 활성화 및 지원에 관한 특별법"에 의거하여 광주광역시에서 제작한 "2025 광주광역시 도시재생전략계획"의 10가지 도시 쇠퇴 진단 지표를 활용하여 분석하였다. 기존 공폐가 관련 선행연구 대부분이 시군구별 집계 자료에 제한되었던 것을 극복하여, 공폐가의 실제 위치를 행정동 단위로 분석하여 자세하고 신뢰성 있는 분석을 수행하고, 이를 통해 공폐가의 공간적 분포 패턴과 공간적 자기상관 관계 및 공폐가 발생 유형을 미시적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면, 광주광역시 공폐가의 발생은 행정동 단위에서 정적인 공간적 자기 상관이 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타나고, 국지적 공간적 자기상관 분석 결과 일부 지역에서 공폐가 발생이 집중되어 있었다. 공폐가 발생과 도시 쇠퇴 요인들과의 상관관계는 삼각도표를 이용하여 시각화하고, 공폐가 발생 지역을 원인 유형별로 분류하였다. 본 연구를 통해 광주광역시 공폐가의 발생 현황과 공간적 분포를 파악하고, 지역별 공폐가 발생의 원인을 유형화하여 도시 노후화 현황과 지역별 대응방안에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to use urban regeneration management types through classification and step-setting of physical types by administrative dong as the basis data for future urban management plans in local small and medium cities. The analysis was conducted on the physical density of each administrative dong by setting the data on urban and architecture provided by the government as three elements: buildings, lots, roads, etc. Through the system classified in this study, Mokpo City's 23 administrative districts were divided into nine management types and three management steps. Methodology can be utilized to establish areas of similar areas within the city and to use them as basic data for planning management. It is meaningful that it is possible to extract areas that need actual regeneration and maintenance through physical density analysis and plan suitable projects.

• 기술사
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

This paper aims to draw out the practical lessons for City Brand as aspect of urban spatial by urban regeneration project in Korea. Image of the City and City Brand is the most important element for the competitiveness of modern cities. This paper discusses the guide line or strategy of City Brand, its current status in Korea. It also examines the present Urban Regeneration in Korea, identifies the problems encountered in implementation, and suggests the solutions for strengthening urban competitiveness such as a City Brand. Also it emphasized that well planned invisible and physical environments, including story and land-mark facilities, are also crucial in making City Brand more attractive and competitive.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2023

The transport system and its infrastructure are not only the fundamental means of sustaining the operation of contemporary cities, but also important drivers for the evolution of urban form. Rail transit, critical to improving the operational efficiency and optimizing the spatial layout in cities, is one of the critical conditions for high-density areas with limited land and concentrated resources to be compact to take on complex challenges. As a node element of infrastructure, rail transit entrances are the most important points connecting the rail transit system with urban space. Although influenced by urban form, their quantity and location also influence and shape the evolution of urban space form. Based on the development gap of high-density areas in various contexts, focusing on various rail transit stations in Asia, this research analyzes the correlation between rail transit entrances and peripheral high-density urban form in a delicate, dynamic and granular way. The research considers both horizontal and vertical perspectives, in combination with the urban evolution process in time series, to explore the development trend of high-density urban form in Asia from the aspect of correlation, and building a new foundation for research on urban form, suitable for different types of cities.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

A traditional Korean housing is a typical type which is contained life style, spatial organization and scape element of people who lived in Korea. In the hanok, people want to be live not only in human environment and traditional culture, but also modem urban housing as a high density. This article deals as follows: First, Hanok as urban housing would be composed in a housing lot, linear type layout, devide building, and cluster type. Second, Housing unit and configuration of Multi family housing can be used single story, second story, second story + single story, multi story and Hanok roofing. Thirds, structure of the building are traditional wooden, combined one of steel and wood or concrete and wood, and the building system in exterior and interior can be seperated into another system. Forth, Image of multi story Hanok A last, consistency of Hanok is not a repeat of an origin but application and creative aptitude of the origin, and multi family housing application of Hanok can be a trial creative.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2013

본 연구는 인간의 생리학적요소를 고려한 PET(Physiologically Equivalent Temperature)를 산정하여 수도권 신도시(분당, 일산, 동탄1)의 열쾌적성을 평가하였다. 또한 선행연구 고찰을 통해 열쾌적성과 관련된 도시공간요소들을 선정하고 회귀분석을 실시하여 PET와 도시공간요소들과의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 3개 신도시 중 계획단계에서 열섬 저감효과를 고려한 2기 신도시인 동탄1이 1기 신도시인 분당, 일산에 비해 열쾌적성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 불투수면적률, 용적률, 상업면적률, 주거면적률 등이 PET를 상승시키는 주요 변수로 분석되었으며 하천면적률, 식생활력도(NDV) 등이 PET를 저감시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 위성영상 분석기법, 바람길 모델 등과 같은 GIS 공간분석기법을 복합적으로 활용하여 도시전체 공간을 대상으로 PET를 산정함으로써 열쾌적성을 과학적이고도 구체적으로 평가한 선험적 연구로서 의의를 지닌다. 또한, 본 연구를 통해 도출된 PET와 도시공간요소와의 관계분석 결과는 도시계획 수립단계에서 도시민의 열쾌적성을 제고할 수 있는 계획안 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.