• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.431-449
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• 2015

Philosophical roots and discussion frames of neoliberalism are very heterogeneous and approaches to neoliberalism including anarchism, post-neoliberalism also take diverse stances. Even if neoliberalism is losing legitimacy and stability through the global financial crisis, 2008, spatial perspective is becoming more and more important as neoliberalism constantly evolve with creating immense variations. Especially, urban space has become strategically crucial arenas as spatio-temporal strategies and generative nodes for reproduction of neoliberalism. Urban enclosure plays a key role in the specific process of neoliberal urbanization as a kind of capitalist formal and real subsumption. Contemporary capitalism continuously has been sustaining the accumulation by dispossession based on urban enclosure through reshaping the primitive accumulation mechanism. These enclosures are embodied by the change of public use concept from public ownership to economic benefits and public-private taking for private capital. Urban enclosure promotes reification deepening the separation and alienation of workers from the means of production and survival, and interdiction from free place appropriation, transformation of urban economy to patrimonial forms. Also it is pervasive in a daily life space and everyday experience in the city, and private tangled social rules dominate public space and the publicity of space.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.199-222
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• 2011

While Korea has actively discussed the fields of comics and animation, with an aim toward public art and publicity for cultural welfare, research on public cultural content for the underprivileged and their regions is in fact lacking. The Korean government has also tried to improve Korea's cultural welfare, but its benefits have failed to be evenly given to the underprivileged. Therefore, we need to take greater interest in the underprivileged and their regions. Korea should work to correct the unbalance among regions in the field of cultural welfare (cultural differences between the capital area and other regions, and between new towns and old), as well as improve the living environments of isolated areas. For this reason, such a public art project should be conducted from two directions. First, the underprivileged living in poor conditions should be allowed to live in clean and cultural environments. And second, public art, comics, and storytelling through animation should be formed with an eye on urban culture. This project aims to focus on improving "the quality of citizens' lives" through creating the unique characteristics and landscape of the city. It will be presented through the use of public art, which presents the elements of the city with charm and vitality. The two directions stated above are our urgent tasks. Public art, comics, and animation storytelling regarding the history, culture, and natural resources of the region will develop with the affection and pride of the citizens, and public art will help create an environment that allows people to discuss their issues. In addition, it will be cultural environments that will allow all citizens to enjoy beautiful streets and events. This project will be an opportunity to realize cultural democracy by pursuing social values such as publicity, communication, equality, and participation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.78-90
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types and characteristics of public complaints caused by the landscape architecture projects in the case of apartment complex. Furthermore, its purpose was also to propose as the basis data for the minimization of complaints in the course of future landscape architecture projects. To analyze and categorize the apartment complex civil complaints, we collected basic and case study data from LH Corporation, SH Corporation and GICO from 2009 to 2012. We also categorized 672 landscape complaints to 73 categories and conducted a survey from residents and landscape architecture. This Survey is to use IPA can collect character(public-private), handling of civil affair(easy-hard) and analyze typical characters and difference of civil complaint awareness between landscape architecture and residents. First, we were categorized 73 civil complaints by type in 5 categories such as park, green space and street trees, pedestrian road, facilities, and others. Second, the most common landscape complaints appear in green spaces, street trees, facilities, pedestrian roads and park orders. Third, results of the analysis conducted for each item which are publicity and measures the ease. 'Facilities', 'landscape and greenery', 'pedestrian road' and others were commonly appears from residents and professional awareness of the complaints. However, complaints of park appear different awareness between landscape architecture and residents. Fourth, 35 from 73 civil complaints(47.9%) are having high publicity and easy to measure, 25 civil complaints(34.2%) has analyzed to individual and difficult to measure so about the these complaints need to check from the design step so that it is necessary to minimize the problem of additional expense by civil complaints burden and decrease the confidence of residence problem were considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

School forests, an important part of the urban forest, has diverse functions and plays an important role in artificial environment. It has three main functions: educational for children, ecological for nature, and cultural for residents. In spite of its diverse functions and roles, the actual conditions and achievements of school forests have not been correctly evaluated, resulting in institutional inertia. To improve these problems, this study was synthetically conducted by the post occupancy evaluation of users(residents, teachers and students) at school forests. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. The cognition and satisfaction level of school forests supported by private organizations was higher than those by local governments. Therefore, the establishment of a post management system of private organizations is more effective than the simple financial support of local governments. 2. The frequency of use of school forests by residents was higher than that of teachers. Their purposes were mainly to rest or walk However, teachers used school forests for nature observation and education. 3. In a survey of teachers about a reform measure and problems of school forests, the necessity of a post management system and financial security were significant requests. In addition, steady publicity and education, participant program, and incentives for teachers should be considered. This study is meaningful to systematically develop and activate the school forest movement. The integrated approach to the school forest movement reflects opinions of related users and is expected to become a useful foundation in studying about the improvement of city environments.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 1995

Composting is an ecologically sound method of recycling organic waste. Its advantages include the maintenance of soil fertility and improvement of soil physicochemical property. It is an essential part of the waste minimization. That is, composting should be included to increase the recycling rate up to more than 20%. To encourage composting of waste, it is necessary to develop some effective composters of small scale facilities and densely populated areas. For medium and large-size facilities, the optimum process should be selected. Technical counselling and support is desirable for small scale composters for urban residential and rural area. On the other hand, adequate amendment of relevant legislation should be followed to encourage composting. An example of unreasonable legislation is the current fertilizer management act. According to the regulation, the maximum allowable limit of lead in the compost is less than 150ppm, which is too strict. This limit should be increased to at least 300ppm, which is the observed level in most states in USA. At the same time, sound infrastructure should be established and decent publicity work should be achieved to accelerate composting activity. In this paper the desirable standard for some heavy metal concentration in the compost were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.80-92
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visions of visual landscape planning and to suggest improvements for it. This study overviews currents methods of making the vision of visual landscape planning by group interview with hands-on workers. Thirty-two cases of visual landscape planning are reviewed to analyze the forms and contents of vision of visual landscape planning. The purpose of urban vision and city slogans are fairly similar to the vision of visual landscape planning; therefore, this study reviews and compares them. According to this study, we conducted writing direction and policy implications. The results of this study are as follows. The vision of visual landscape planning is written by consulting the landscape resources survey and visions of upper plans. These writing methods are able to enhance the consistency of each chapter in visual landscape planning, and the consistency between visual landscape planning and upper plans. Thus, it is desirable to revise landscape planning guidelines with this method. The current vision of visual landscape planning is written in the form of a city slogan. But the vision of visual landscape planning is not a means of publicity and transformational use. So, the form of the vision needs to be revised. This study analyzed the correlation among the vision of visual landscape planning, urban vision, and city slogan. There is a closer correspondence between the vision of visual landscape planning and urban vision than city slogan. This result means that it is beneficial to write the vision of visual landscape planning in consideration of the upper plan. Henceforward, for maintaining and enhancing consistency detailed contents in landscape planning guidelines are needed.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

Recently, the construction of U-City or of U-City service (U-service) in many kinds of urban development projects becomes the general trend. However, as the construction of U-city comes into the spotlight like the trend of the times, various service constructions are being indiscreetly implemented since it's processed focusing on local specialized projects or local landmark project by a local autonomous entity or an institute in charge being off the original purpose of the improvement of living quality of residents and the efficiency of urban management, which causes a number of problems on the process, maintenance, operation and management of those projects. Therefore, this study is to derive the standard pattern of U-service construction through the analysis of patterns and numbers of U-service and problems during the process of construction in domestic U-City construction case district, and is aimed to suggest the reasonable direction of service construction based on this. 11 projects areas in which data related to U-service are available among U-City construction project areas were selected for the subjects of this study, and it's standardized with 228 detailed unit services that were suggested by U-Eco City R&D and with 11 service domains that are regulated in "the Act of ubiquitous city construction etc.", and it is limited to services that were suggested in U-City case area of which design was completed by July, 2010 based on this. The actual state of various U-service construction is analyzed through case studies as well as reviews on the legal and theoretical concept and the method of pattern classification of U-service, the plan for the standardization (pattern classification) of U-service and the plan for the construction body of service and to share the costs are suggested as the plan to construct reasonable U-service based on this for the method and the procedure of this study For the method to construct U-service, the plan to classify the pattern of U-service into the basic service and additional service is suggested, and whether it has the publicity, whether urban infrastructure is included, whether utilities are included, the body of realization, the recipients, the urgency, the importance and the spreading, etc. are suggested for the index to determine the pattern of service. The method to get the executor of a project to construct the basic service, the method to get the executor of a project to construct the most basic service among the group classification of service and to get a private entity and a local autonomous entity to perform additional service in the future, and the method to construct the whole service and to distribute the construction costs were suggested, and the first one that determines the body of construction after dividing U-service into the basic service and the additional service was evaluated to be the most reasonable one. And the plan to solve the problem that the excessive construction costs of U-service are shifted onto the executor of a project through benefit principle, balanced distribution principle and consultation and mediation between the interested parties was suggested for the criteria to share the costs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.588-598
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• 2015

This study derives planning items and indicators that should be considered in order to activate public space in terms of the spatial characteristics of the public space was to analysis the importance in the public officials/academics and practitioners side. Derived in accordance with spatial planning topics characteristic of public space through previous research to them and after a detailed selection indicators in Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language was so lead through the FGI. Derived surface was subjected to the significance analysis AHP through the survey expert. For this study, the importance of the spatial characteristics of the public space are working professionals accessibility, publicity, connectivity, spatiality, amenity, placeness the order, public officials/academics accessibility, amenity, placeness, connectivity, spatiality, publicity the order. In addition, professionals working in the comprehensive analysis of the most important priority was to recognize the hierarchy of open space, public officials/academics appeared to have an open space on the street the most important. The results obtained in this study will be used as an index that can be used in planning and evaluation for consideration of the next active public space.

• 지역과문화
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2017

The 21st century recognizes culture as a high value-added strategic industry as it is called the culture era, and the cultural industry plays a role in driving regional economic development by raising the value added of other industries due to various ripple effects. As the institutional apparatus for developing such cultural industry, the Culture Industry Promotion Basic Law was enacted. Based on this, the Central Government designated the Jung-gu Dong and Seo-gu Dong as the Cultural Industry Promotion District of Andong City in 2010 but it has not been activated until 2017. The purpose of this study is understanding the situation and problems of the Cultural Industry Promotion District of Andong city and to discuss the direction of development. The research methods were analyzed by using questionnaires using AHP analysis technique for experts and practitioners related to culture industry. SPSS 23 was used for the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, and VBA was used for weighting and consistency index calculation in AHP analysis. As a result in the upper layer, Economy efficiency was found to be the most important factor of the three upper layer factors (Economy, Publicity, and Sociality) in order to activate the Cultural Industry Promotion District of Andong city. In the case of the Lieutenant layer, it is analyzed that the Job Creation is an important factor in the Economy category, the Settlement and Environment for Cultural Industry in the Publicity category, and the Activation of Urban Culture Activity in the Sociality category. As a result of analyzing the direction of promotion of the Cultural Industry Promotion District of Andong City centered on these factors, it concluded that the industry related to performance should be focused.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.7-20
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• 2011

In this research, the changes of spaces on Namsan-Park and of the meaning of the park from the late 1900s through the early 1908s are analyzed, and the results are provided as follows. To begin with, inserting a concept of park to Namsan provided people with limitation in understanding definition of park, which indicated finite and constrained space, so that it distracted people from using spaces on Namsan. At that time, since the park was considered as one of key factors to establish Modern city, it was distinguished to the urban structure which had existed. After then, Joseon shrine, settled in Hanyang-Park, absorbed in functions of the park, so that the term of Hanyang-Park meant an area around the shrine or a boundary of the space. In addition, the particularity of Joseon shrine sometimes discouraged people from using the park spaces as well as spaces on the shrine, which led to decline the publicity of the park. However, Joseon shrine was correlated and planned with infrastructures of the city, Kyeongsung, not only physically but also visually in that Joseon shrine played role in one of components in Kyeongsung performed as an entertaining city such as a theme park. Lastly, Seoul is no longer subordinated and dependent city but has dramatically changed as a prominent city after regaining of independence in 1945. This indicates that the entertaining function of the old city was dismantled or reduced or transferred to public spaces, especially Namsan-Park. Consequently Namsan-Park has diverse and complex characteristics like traits of Kyeongsung, playing a pivotal role in providing cultural spaces, and its spatial organization is divided and planned based on various facilities and buildings on the park. This organization has a negative effect on the city and the park by decreasing in connectivity between them.