• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Recently, there has been the gradual growth of the public in rural amenities, hobby farming works, much more urbanities, and especially near-retires. However, in spite of popular preference to ruralities, little has been known about their demand on retired rural life. Therefore, this study examined urbanites' attitude to preparatory works for out-migration, preferred residential site condition and life styles in the countryside. For the purpose, data were collected from the survey with the sample of 62 urban trainees who were studying farming technology in department of training on agricultural technology of Korea National Agricultural College, RDA. We carried out the experience farming to candidate with using the abandoned sericultural facilities which are the silkworm rearing house and mulberry fields. The 71% of urban trainees, who answered in this survey, hoped to move into countryside after retirement and to make a monthly income of $1,000 from agriculture. The age distribution of sericulural farmers is about 79% more than that of 60 years old. In the experience farming works. The two candidates made 1,977$ with net income through 32 days worked in spring season. In autumn season, the couple candidates made 1,317$ with net income through 23 days worked. Knowledge of these results will be important to policy-makers and to understand the role that retirement in-migration play in stimulating economic growth of rural agricultural farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

As the measures for solving problems of modern city and farming & fishing villages through mutual cooperation and complementation, this study aims to present an integrated rural area development model by changing the farming & fishing villages from a food production-focused space to a service space for the whole nation including urban residents, into the direction of creating new vitality and jobs in farming & fishing villages. In order to establish a service space that could increase the life quality and happiness of the people, this study presented the K-FARM framework types that would integrate and arrange total four themes such as rental farm, experience farm, stay farm, and management farm. In case when this K-FARM framework is applied to rural areas adjacent to cities, especially farming & fishing villages around innovative cities, there would be great effects such as expansion of exchanges between public institutions and local residents of innovative cities. Especially, the theme model classified into four types could be applied suitable for the characteristics of farming & fishing village development project district that is currently operated. Meanwhile, to realize the construction of K-FARM framework, on top of demand analysis of rental farm, it would be also necessary to additionally analyze the urban residents' demand for experience farm and management farm.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

This study was designed to examine agro-healing services and programs provided and operated by farms in Korea. The results of the analysis of the agro-healing programs and operation of farms were as follows. The purpose of the operation of farms was to raise productivity by managing farms in a cooperative way through agricultural production, education and healing, and to raise income by processing and selling agricultural products. It was difficult to access farms by public transport and thus visitors had to use their own cars. The size of farms varied. The main resources utilized in the surveyed programs were plants, rural environments and landscapes, and agricultural products. The programs were conducted using resources that were commonly found in rural areas. Facilities on each farm were equipped with facilities (indoor and outdoor learning place, gardens, vegetable gardens, orchards, etc.) and convenience facilities (parking lots, drinking fountains, kiosks, etc.) to support program operation. However, facilities for the handicapped and accommodation facilities were insufficient. The programs operated on each farm utilized agricultural resources, farm produce, and rural resources and were classified into activities such as making, feeling, and growing. The average number of people who operated the family-centered program was 2-3, having qualifications such as welfare horticultural therapists, forest interpreters, experience instructors, and social workers. In addition, they had expertise in medicinal food, dietary life, and social welfare, and they also had essential expertise required to operate programs.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to compare sex role typing in relation to self-concept in 6th graders by to their residential area. The subjects were 6th grade children: 126 boys and 127 girls. The sample included 85 (42 boys, 43 girls) from a farming area, 111 (62 boys, 49 girls) from Pohang City, and 57 (22 boys, 35 girls) from a fishing area. The instruments used in this study were Shimer's self-concept measure (Suh, 1980) and Bern Sex Role Inventory (Byun, 1979). Statistical analysis of obtained data was by $X^2$ test; 2 (sex) x 3 (residential area) x 4 (sex role category) ANOVA; and $Scheff\acute{e}$ test. The results were as follows: Girls from the fishing area were more masculine than girls from other areas. Androgynous children and urban children demonstrated a higher self-concept. There was no difference in level of self-concept between urban boys and girls, but boys in both farming and fishing areas demonstrated a higher level than girls. In all 3 areas, androgynous children evaluated themselves positively whereas undifferentiated children evaluated themselves negatively. There were significant differences in self-concept according to sex, living area, and sex role category. In the city, the feminine category was related to a negative self-concept while the masculine category was related to a negative self-concept in the fishing area. But in the farming area, feminine boys demonstrated a higher self-concept whereas feminine girls demonstrated a lower self-concept.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

This study is about characteristic of rural areas development project considering Rural Areas Migration. As a Rural Economy is getting worse for a rapid decrease in population and a rapid aging of the population, Decline in Rural areas has become more serious. So, Each local government is promoting rural areas development project, like Culture Village Project, Rural Village Project, Happiness Village Project, and Farming and Fishing New-town Project, to attract inhabitants in the Urban Area. This study examines the change of policy about rural areas development project in Corea through theoretical study, and analyzes the Implementation of rural village Project supported or implemented by local community to characterize the project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

The interest and participation of the rural experience is increasing as an alternative for the problems such as the decrease of the agricultural income facing the agriculture and the rural area, the decrease of the population, and the regional stagnation. The rural experience has recently been transformed into a software dimension such as programs and participation activities in the past. In addition, public awareness also positively evaluates agriculture and rural communities as the basis for supporting society and recognition of multiple functions. Furthermore, the intention of the citizen to the earnest village is increasing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of rural experience and customer satisfaction of urban residents on the recognition of return to farm and rural areas. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the characteristics of rural experience had a positive effect on the farming villages by the program, the experience field and the host, and the customer satisfaction had a positive effect on the farming villages. Therefore, it is considered that a systematic approach to the rural experience is needed in the future because the experience of the rural people in the city has a positive effect on the earliest villages.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.215-224
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• 2023

Background: Reproductive management practices play crucial roles to maximize the reproductive performance of cows, and thus contribute to farm profitability. We aimed to assess the reproductive management of cows currently practiced in the dairy farms in an urban farming system. Methods: A total of 62 dairy farms were randomly selected considering all size of farms such as small (1-5 cattle), medium (6-20 cattle) and large farms (> 20 cattle) from selected areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The reproductive management-related parameters viz. estrus detection, breeding method, pregnancy diagnosis, dry cow and parturition management, vaccination and treatment of reproductive problems etc. were obtained in a pre-defined questionnaire during the farm visit. Results: The visual observation method was only used (100.0%; 62/62) for estrus detection irrespective of size of the farms; while farmers observed cows for estrus 4-5 times a day, but only for 20-60 seconds each time. Regardless of farm size, 89.0% (55/62) farms used artificial insemination (AI) for breeding the cows. Intriguingly, all farms (100.0%) routinely checked the cows for pregnancy at 35-40 days post-breeding using rectal palpation technique by registered veterinarian. However, only 6.5% (4/62) farms practiced dry cow management. Notably, all farms (100.0%) provided nutritional supplements (Vit D, Ca and P) during late gestation. However, proper hygiene and cleanliness during parturition was not practiced in 77.4% (48/62) farms; even though 96.7% (60/62) farms treated cows by registered veterinarian for parturition-related problems. Conclusions: While farmers used AI service for breeding and timely check their cows for pregnancy; however, they need to increase observation time (30 minutes/ observation, twice in a day: early morning and early night) for estrus detection, consider dry cow management and ensure hygienic parturition for maximizing production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.191-202
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• 2013

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2022

This study aims to classify agricultural entrepreneurship preparation patterns for middle-aged adults and to explore their demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, and agricultural entrepreneurship related variables. The result of the study follows: first, agricultural entrepreneurship preparation patterns were divided into three types of urban-born farming, rural-born farming, retirement farming. Second, these patterns showed significant differences according to the level of demographic and occupational characteristics. Third, these patterns also showed considerable differences depending on the level of agricultural entrepreneurship expectancies, agricultural entrepreneurship volition, and agricultural entrepreneurship barriers. Based on the results, diversified agricultural entrepreneurship education programs and support measures were suggested.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

Iron deficiency and anemia are severe nutrition problems in most of Korea. Iron intake, especially iron with better bioavailability is insufficient over a total age group. Recent changes in diet and life style of Koreans have been repeatedly suggested problems caused by excess nutrient intake rather than under intake. Despite the changes in diet patterns, iron deficient anemia is still prevalent in many parts of Korea. Eight hundred and fifty subjects (323 male and 527 female subjects) in Asan were recruited from farming, factory and urban area. Each subject was interviewed to assess nutrients intakes according to a 24hr-recall method. Twelve hour fasting blood samples were collected to vacutainer with EDTA for hemoglobin (Hb) and separate the tubes for serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The mean serum iron value of female subjects in the factory area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female subjects in the urban area although subjects in urban area showed significantly higher the dietary iron intake for both the men and woman (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake for the younger women was lowest in the farming area and those in the urban area showed the highest dietary iron intake (p < 0.05). When the dietary iron intake was compared by different the age groups, dietary iron intake of the older women from animal sources was less than that of younger women in the urban area (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake of Asan residents was not sufficient regardless of age, sex and regions and intake of heme iron was especially lower than nonheme iron. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 37∼43, 2003)