• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to determine the problems and limitations of the Commercial Area Activation System, which was created by a special law for promoting traditional markets and shopping districts to revitalize and efficiently manage the central commercial area in different regions. We also suggest different options for its improvement. Research design, data, and methodology - We also look into the problems of which is being promoted as a demonstration project, from the aspects of legal text and guidelines. Results - The current commercial area activation system has several problems. First, the establishment of a comprehensive basic plan on the commercial area activation is not a requirement. Second, the benefit principle should be established to prevent the moral laxity of merchants who serve important roles in the main components of the commercial area activation business when they conduct their business. Third, the current special law constrains the commercial management organization, as under the civil law yields a limitation on finding a profitable business model. Fourth, to efficiently, constructing a system that links the other central government businesses and is needed. into a regional development budget or a budget for funding small businesses that the central government can control, which is effective. Further, we offer some suggestions for medium- and long-term policies. First, an integrated coordination mechanism at the central office level should be installed while setting the basic policy to revitalize the Based on this policy, local governments need a system that exclusively based on the after establishing a comprehensive plan for urban regeneration and getting approval from the integration organization. Second, a system that enables an understanding of the problems with business promotion by monitoring the procedure of supporting projects and regularly assessing business achievements is needed. Third, a plan is needed for resolving conflicts between various interested parties that adopts the commercial area activation system for carrying out a total redevelopment of the commercial area where small shops are densely located. A market maintenance project has been conducted as a means to recover our traditional market, which was economically depressed, and to revive the local economy, but it is mostly conducted in the form of reconstruction or redevelopment and represents the interests of landowners and merchants. Thus, it is most likely to lead to a gradual disappearance of traditional markets. Conclusions - This study looks primarily into the problems that appeared in the legal text or the guidelines regarding the direction of improvement of the commercial area activation business that has been going on as a demonstration project since 2011 and suggests some solutions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Due to its intrinsic characteristic, exterior bus advertising is exposed to an unspecified number of the general public. Thus it influences on the urban publicness of the city, simply beyond leaving it as a personal marketing activity toward the industry's profit. Seoul city's campaign to improve exterior bus advertising has been to effective in removing advertisements of alcohols, tobaccos, and lascivious contents, however, there still are several advertisements that should be examined from the view point of publicness. For the case of UK, where exterior bus advertising is also actively utilizing owing to its high exposure and effectiveness, they are administrating it by setting up guidelines and regarding the importance of publicness. I also identified the meaning of publicness of exterior bus advertising from the aspects of 'publicness of territories', 'publicness of subjects', 'publicness of reasoning', and 'publicness of procedures'. Through this, I suggested that both commercial right of exterior bus advertising in the private sector and citizen's right of publicness can be harmoniously developed by properly controlling and administrating the exterior bus advertising. Furthermore, artistic approach to the exterior bus advertising from the viewpoint of city environment is expected to elevate the aesthetic possession and the level of design sense of citizens.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.289-308
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• 2018

Numerous urban seismic vulnerability studies have recognized pounding as one of the main risks due to the restricted separation distance between neighboring structures. The pounding effects on the adjacent buildings could extend from slight non-structural to serious structural damage that could even head to a total collapse of buildings. Therefore, an assessment of the seismic pounding hazard to the adjacent buildings is superficial in future building code calibrations. Thus, this study targets are to draw useful recommendations and set up guidelines for potential pounding damage evaluation for code calibration through a numerical simulation approach for the evaluation of the pounding risks on adjacent buildings. A numerical simulation is formulated to estimate the seismic pounding effects on the seismic response demands of adjacent buildings for different design parameters that include: number of stories, separation distances; alignment configurations, and then compared with nominal model without pounding. Based on the obtained results, it has been concluded that the severity of the pounding effects depends on the dynamic characteristics of the adjacent buildings and the input excitation characteristics, and whether the building is exposed to one or two-sided impacts. Seismic pounding among adjacent buildings produces greater acceleration and shear force response demands at different story levels compared to the no pounding case response demands.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2008

Recently, users of bicycles as a green mode are rising sharply, but there are few efforts to increase bicycle safety and to decrease the number of accidents between vehicles and bicycle users. Therefore, this research seeks to improve bicycle safety at intersections by analysing causation factors of bicycle accidents pattern and providing optimal intersection design guidelines. For this study, real bicycle accident data of fifty six occurred in the Incheon metropolitan area in the year of 2005 were collected and field surveys were conducted. In addition, this research developed a bicycle accident pattern model with using multinomial logit model. The model results showed that presence of fatality, presence of traffic islands on the minor road, highway_type, weather, presence of traffic bus_stop on the major road, minor road lane width, victim induce factor are significant for bicycle safety.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between the presence of allergic rhinitis and the nutritional intake levels of Korean infants. Methods: The study involved a total of 1,214 infant subjects aged 1~5 months from the 2013~2016 KNHNES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The Subjects were classified into two groups based on the presence of allergic rhinitis: Non-allergic rhinitis infants (NARI, n=1,088) and allergic rhinitis infants (ARI, n=126). The general characteristics and family history of allergies, nutrient intake status, nutrient supplement intake, and breast milk and baby food start period data of the two groups were compared. All statistical analyses accounted for the complex sampling design effect and sampling weights. Results: The mean age was 0.5 years old in the ARI group compared to the NARI group. In the residence, the rate of urban was higher in ARI. The family history revealed a significant difference between the two groups, particularly those of mothers rather than fathers. The nutrient intake levels were high in energy, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, riboflavin, niacin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Breastfeeding was significantly higher in the ARI group than in the NARI group. The baby food start period was 0.3 months earlier in NARI group than in ARI group. The height, body weight, and birth weight were higher in ARI group than NARI group. The result of Odds ratio analysis showed that excess energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, and niacin intake increases the risk of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: These results can be used as data to develop nutrition guidelines for allergic rhinitis infants.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the linkage between Si-Jeong-Chon (municipalities of Japan) catastrophic disaster recovery-regeneration plan (DRRP) and regional comprehensive plan (RCP), each of which was made after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and to make implications on establishment of a disaster recovery plan of Korea. In order to explore the relationship between the two plans, the DRRPs and RCPs of 30 municipalities are collected and categorized according to their characteristics. The results show that DRRPs of the municipalities are not always in a consistent form and contents because regulations and guidelines on DRRP are not definite and specific. The relationship between DRRP and RCP in terms of its form and contents can be divided into 3 categories; Reflective Type (RT), Complementary Type (CT), and Substitutive Type (ST). The 22 RT plans as the majority of those DRRPs appear to reflect the development strategies of municipalities' RCPs. Both 3 CT plans and 5 ST plans seem to be integrated with RCPs in some way. The plan in CT of a municipality supplements its RCP by adding some new strategies to its recovery section and the plan in ST of a municipality appears to replace its RCP. Finally the influential factors which are considered to determine linkage type are identified as remaining time which is legally required to re-establish its RCP, the extent of damage, and socioeconomic condition changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

We evaluated the effect of CO₂ offsetting by estimating changes in carbon uptake under various forest management scenarios and proposed forest management strategies to achieve carbon neutrality. Paju and Goseong, which have relatively large forest areas but different industrial characteristics, were selected for the study sites. The current state of forest distribution was analyzed using forest type maps and aerial photographs, and the amount of carbon uptake was calculated using the equation presented by the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the national emission/absorption coefficients from the Korea National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report. As of 2015, the forest carbon absorption in Paju and Goseong was 49,931 t/yr and 94,225 t/yr, respectively, and the annual carbon absorption per unit area was 2.28 t/ha/yr and 2.16 t/ha/yr. Under the forest management scenarios, the annual maximum carbon absorption per unit area is estimated to increase to 5.68 t/ha/yr in Paju and 4.22 t/ha/yr in Goseong, and this absorption would increase further if urban forests were additionally created. Even if the current forests of Paju and Goseong are maintained as they are, emissions from electricity use can be sufficiently offset. However, by applying appropriate forest management strategies, emissions from sectors other than electricity use could be offset. This study can be applied to the establishment of carbon absorption strategies in the forest sector to achieve carbon neutrality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

The damages caused by landslides are increasing worldwide due to climate change. In Korea, damages from landslides occur frequently, making it necessary to develop the effective response strategies. In particular, there is a lack of countermeasures against landslides in cultural heritage areas. The purpose of this study was to spatially analyze the relationship between Buyeo-gun's cultural heritage and landslide susceptible areas in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, which has a long history. Nine spatial distribution models were used to evaluate the landslide susceptibility, and the ensemble method was applied to reduce the uncertainty of individual model. There were 17 cultural heritages belonging to the landslide susceptible area. As a result of calculating the area ratio of the landslide susceptible area for cultural heritages, the cultural heritages with 100% of the area included in the landslide susceptible area were "Standing statue of Maae in Hongsan Sangcheon-ri" and "Statue of King Seonjo." More than 35% of "Jeungsanseong", "Garimseong", and "Standing stone statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva in Daejosa Temple" belonged to landslide susceptible areas. In order to effectively prevent landslide damage, the application of landslide prevention measures should be prioritized according to the proportion belonging to the landslide susceptible area. Since it is very difficult to restore cultural properties once destroyed, preventive measures are required before landslide damage occurs. The approach and results of this study provide basic data and guidelines for disaster response plans to prevent landslides in Buyeo-gun.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2022

Objectives: Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Methods: We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design. Results: The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali. Conclusions: It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Stresses from desolate urban environments cause illnesses and worsen health conditions of urban residents, while natural environments have a positive influence on human. Natural healing programs such as forest therapy and horticultural therapy can be differentiated by the characteristic of activity space. However, previous studies of healing programs have focused on either forest therapy or horticulture therapy and there is a limit to comprehending the effects of adopting and connecting various healing programs. This study compares and analyzes the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy and horticultural therapy to identify the effects and differences by types of healing programs. The before and after effects of horticultural therapy and forest therapy are measured by experiment and survey for 5 days with 5 subjects in each program. For physiological reaction, blood pressure, pulse, and cortisol levels are measured and the profile of moods states(POMS) is used to measure psychological reaction. Collected data are analyzed with the analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Paired-Sample T-test in SPSS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) forest therapy and horticultural therapy show positive effects in physiological and physiological aspects, 2) forest therapy is more effective than horticultural therapy in physiological relaxation and stress mitigation, 3) horticultural therapy has a tendency to alleviate depression more effectively than forest therapy. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing fundamental information for the development of healing programs and design guidelines for healing spaces through identifying the characteristics of each healing program.