• Journal of architectural history
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2005

We have focused on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved In modern context from 1930's to 1960's. We have confused Urban Hanok with traditional Hanok, because they have similar figures. But Urban Hanok have the characteristics as a result of the roof construction method. The purpose of this paper is to define Urban Hanok more concretely, thus we payed attention to the roof structure, specially to the comer that each roof structure meets. So we got some characteristics of the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon. First, the roof construction methods of the roof are transformed at the corner parts, where three purlin structure and five purlin structure meet. The collision of the different roof structure has made a lot of types. Second, the roof slope of Urban Hanok is more gentle than traditional Hanok, that is caused by ornamental double eaves and awnings. Finally these characteristics are results of the compact lot size in urban neighborhood. The construction method is a inclusive word that contain materials, composition, ornament and social common sense. With the understanding on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok, we can define the identity and the value of Urban Hanok, And we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Urban Hanok of Bukchon, Seoul.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2022

This study attempts to understand urban evolution characteristics through suburban development cases considered as a contemporary urban issue. Methods are (1) Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) for the 9 cities in the Korea (1980-2010) & 49 cities in the US, (2) Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) and Entropy for the developed areas in the Chicago Metro (2019). Results are (1) a suburban development could be understood the universal characteristics, (2) the characteristics of the whole region might be appeared to be in a different direction from the characteristics of its sub-cities. Implications are (1) Suburban expansion can be understood as a functionally well served urban change phenomenon and it is important to focus on the functions of sub-level cities, (2) the urban evolutionary perspective makes a difference from the developmental growth perspective. The extensive empirical studies will be beneficial for better understating of urban evolution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study was motivated by the need to identify the characteristics of professionals involved in planning exterior spaces in urban development projects and to provide guidelines for maintaining the identity of urban images. Urban development's impact on external spaces can alter the image of the urban structure, especially due to the many boundaries between urban and rural areas. Therefore, there is a need for public standards for external spaces in such projects. This study collects and analyzes experts' opinions to understand the characteristics of each professional, selects the relative importance of each, and uses this as a guideline for step-by-step deliberation in planning external spaces. The research scope includes analyzing each expert's characteristics based on the external space evaluation items from Lee Limjeong's 2023 study, which builds upon existing research, and presenting the importance and priority of each expert. As a methodology, a questionnaire was conducted for each expert group using the indicators established in Lee Lim Jung's 2023 study for external spaces in urban development projects. An in-depth analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for each expert. Using AHP analysis, the composite weight for each of the 17 detailed items was first adjusted by the number of item weights to account for the classification level of the large and detailed items. Then, the composite importance was calculated by multiplying the importance of the large, medium, and detailed classifications. The calculated composite importance was finally adjusted by applying the number of item weights again, ensuring the sum of the 17 importance values equals 1. The final importance calculated through this process was then presented by occupation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2012

The primary purposes of this study are to suggest a medium-sized regeneration project which includes the excluded small sites near existing regeneration site, to identify urban improvement type which fits local conditions, and to suggest proper regeneration strategies for the improvement type. Main findings of this study are follows. First, the size of the living environment improvement project in urban area should be larger than 3ha and government's incentives are required for parcel merges to make the medium-size project site. Second, independent type of urban regeneration project should consider local characteristics while center-spread type of urban regeneration project should build a center by providing neighborhood facilities and proper housings. Third, urban regeneration project should be able to utilize local assets, such as cultural heritages, natural landscapes, transportation facilities. Fourth, standards for public support should be prepared to improve local competitiveness. Last, further studies are required for urban regeneration system improvement.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.650-660
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare the rainfall-runoff characteristics in streams of classified urban and rural watershed using land use and population density. EMC (event mean concentration) of BOD, COD, TP and SS increased significantly in urban and rural watershed, but that of TN remained unchanged. Although there were no significant differences in EMC of BOD, COD, TN, TP depending on the watershed characteristics, EMC of BOD and COD significantly increased in the urban watershed, while EMC of TP increased in the rural watershed. In the urban watershed, the first flush time was faster and the first flush effect was stronger in BOD, COD, and TP. However, the difference between cumulative mass and cumulative volume was found to be less than 0.2 in the rural watershed, indicating a weak first flush effect. The discharged masses of BOD (70 %), COD (64 %), and TP (66 %) in the first flush of runoff were higher in urban watershed, while TN (67 %) was higher in rural watershed. The reproducibility of first flush time and the strength of first flush using CV (coefficient of variation) was found to be more reproducible for first flush time in both watersheds. In rural watershed, the CV value of first flush time for TP out of water quality parameters was lower. Whereas the CV values of first flush time for BOD, COD and TP in urban watersheds were similar.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1995

A study has been performed on the characteristics of rural and urban surface ozone concentration for the period of March 1992 to February 1993. The monitoring station of rural ozone is located at Kosan, Cheju and other urban monitoring stations are located at Seoul, Pusan and Kwangju. Rural's and urban's ozone data exhibit a distinct features in many ways. First, annual mean of rural ozone concentration os very high(42 ppbv) but urban's are very low(10 .sim.15 ppbv). Second, rural ozone data shows a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in summer, but urban's show a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in winter. Third, diurnal variation of rural data is very small but that of urban's are very large. Fourth, urban's data are extremely low(< 3 ppbv) and have no seasonal variations.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2012

Generally an urban freeway means a primary arterial which provides road users with a free-flow speed, except for ramp junctions during rush hours. However, most road users suffer from traffic congestion in the basic segments as well as in the ramp junctions of urban freeway during rush hours, because most road users prefer urban freeways to local roads in the urban areas. This study then intends to analyze lane traffic characteristics of urban freeway basic segments having more freight vehicles during rush hours, find the lane showing a high correlation with the segment speed between lane speeds, and finally suggest a segment-speed predictive model by the lane speed of urban freeway basic segments during rush hours.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

On October 3, 1990, Germany achieved peaceful reunification by integrating East Germany into West Germany. Since reunification, the region of East Germany had to have a new value standard in extreme social changes such as legal, political, administrative and spatial amid rapid systemic changes. The purpose of this study is to characterize urban policy related to urban change in DDR in the past 30 years after German unification. In particular, this study examined the change of construction law and Städtebauförderung Program as urban policy. The characteristics of Städtebauförderung programs and urban regeneration are in context with their contents. The characteristics of Städtebauförderung program support program are ultimately aimed at resolving imbalances among cities, improving the quality of life of residents and developing cities with future-oriented sustainability.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze effect of climate and urban factors on energy resilience, and to explore policy alternatives to strengthen resilience of energy system. For this purpose, this study used extensive literature review on resilience studies and multiple regression analysis. In this study, blackout time was set as a dependent variable. And the independent variables were divided into climate and urban (robustness, countermeasure capacity) characteristics. As a result of the analysis, in terms of climate characteristics, maximum wind speed and cooling/heating degree-day have statistically significant impact on blackout time. With regard to urban characteristics, number of consumer, ratio of deteriorated housing and coast dummy variables have statistically significant impact on blackout time. And the ratio of government employees and road ratio were found to be the most influencing factors to shorten time taken to restore original level of electricity supply. Based on the study results, several policy suggestions to improve energy resilience were made such as continuous management of vulnerable areas and strengthening disaster response services. This study only considered engineering dimension of resilience. Further studies need to be approached on ecological & social-ecological dimension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to contribute to strengthening the response of local governments to the emergence of new infectious diseases by identifying the urban characteristics affecting their spread. To this end, the urban characteristics influencing the spread of infectious diseases were identified from previous studies. Moreover, the variations in the impact of urban characteristics that affected the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients was spatially analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The analysis indicated that the explanatory power of the GWR was approximately 12.4% higher than that of the ordinary least squares method. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model in the northern regions, such as Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon, was particularly high, indicating that the urban characteristics affecting the spread of COVID-19 vary by region. The results of this study can be used as a basis for suggesting the formulation of customized policies reflecting the characteristics of each local government rather than a uniform spread reduction policy.