• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Nation-wide systematic and comprehensive measurements of air quality criteria species have been made over 340 sites currently in Korea since 1990. Using these data, temporal and spatial trends of $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO and $O_x(NO_2+O_3)$ were analyzed to characterize and evaluate implementing efficiency of air quality policy and regulations. Due to strict and effective policy to use cleaner fuels in late 1980s and 1990s, the primary pollutants, such as $SO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ decreased sharply by early 2000s in all parts of Korea. After this period, their concentrations declined with much lower rates in most parts of Korea. In addition, isolated but noticeable numbers of places, especially in major ports, newly developing towns and industrial parks, sustained high levels or even showed further degradation. Despite series of emission control strategies were enforced since early 1990s, $NO_2$ concentrations haven't changed much till 2005, due to significant increase in number of automobiles. Nevertheless, we confirmed that the staggering levels of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ improved evidently after 2005, especially in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where enhanced regulations for $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ emissions was imposed to automobiles and large emission sources. However, their decreasing trends were much lessened in recent years again as current air quality improvement strategies has been challenged to revise further. In contrast to these primary species, annual $O_3$, which is secondary product from $NO_2$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has increased consistently with about 0.6 ppbv per year in every urban part of Korea, while yearly average of daily maximum 8-hour $O_3$ in summer season had a much higher rate of 1.2 ppbv per year. Increase of $O_3$ can be explained mainly by reductions of NO emission. Rising background $O_3$ in the Northeast Asia and increasing oxidizing capacity by changing photochemistry were likely causes of observed $O_3$ increase. The future air quality policy should consider more effective ways to lower alarming level of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2024

The accelerated pace of climate crisis due to continuous industrialization and greenhouse gas emissions necessitates sustainable solutions that simultaneously address mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Naturebased Solutions (NbS) have gained prominence as viable approaches, with Green Infrastructure being a representative NbS. Green Infrastructure involves securing green spaces within urban areas, providing diverse climate adaptation functions such as removal of various air pollutants, carbon sequestration, and isolation. The proliferation of Green Infrastructure is influenced by the quantification of improvement effects related to various projects. To support decision-making by assessing the climate vulnerability of Green Infrastructure, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has developed i-Tree Tools. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation approach for climate change adaptation types by quantifying the climate adaptation performance of urban Green Infrastructure. Using i-Tree Canopy, the analysis focuses on five urban green spaces covering more than 30 hectares, considering the tree ratio relative to the total area. The evaluation encompasses aspects of thermal environment, aquatic environment, and atmospheric environment to assess the overall eco-friendliness in terms of climate change adaptation. The results indicate that an increase in the tree ratio correlates with improved eco-friendliness in terms of thermal, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. In particular, it is necessary to prioritize consideration of the water environment sector in order to realize climate change adaptive green infrastructure, such as increasing green space in urban areas, as it has been confirmed that four out of five target sites are specialized in improving the water environment.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The spatial distributions of air pollutants, in particular, ultrafine particles near traffic congestion roads at urban areas need to reduce human exposure levels for protecting public health. In this study, the number concentrations of ultrafine particles larger than 5 nm were measured every second during driving on the major roads of Nowon-gu, Seoul for 1.6 h using a mobile emission laboratory on October 5, 2010. The ultrafine particle number concentrations ranged from 7,009 to $265,600particles/cm^3$ with an average of $55,570particles/cm^3$, and these levels were comparable to concentrations of ultrafine particles larger than 3 or 7 nm on the arterial roads at urban areas in Los Angeles, USA and Zurich, Switzerland. It was frequently observed that the ultrafine particle number increased rapidly when vehicle speed was accelerated and it decreased sharply when vehicle speed was decelerated. The high peak events of ultrafine particle concentration larger than $200,000particles/cm^3$ were observed seven times during the measurement period. From the three repeated measurements during the short period of 50 min, it was concluded that the ultrafine particle number concentration on the road was significantly time-dependent. This on-road measurement approach can be utilized to manage vehicle-related air pollution in urban.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.253-264
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 2019년에서 2021년까지, 매년 2월에서 5월 동안 대전광역시 6개 지점(기준지역 1곳 포함)의 기온 데이터를 바탕으로 COVID-19로 인한 인간 활동의 감소가 대전 지역의 도시열섬강도에 미친 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 관측 지점에 따라 차이는 있으나 도시열섬강도는 COVID-19 전인 2019년에 비해 2020년과 2021년에 약 20% 이상 감소되었다. 인간 활동 감소는 야간의 도시열섬을 증가시키고 주간의 도시열섬을 감소시켰다. 그 결과 도시열섬강도의 일변동 폭은 지점에 관계없이 2019년에 비해 2020년 및 2021년 모두 약 20% 이상 증가하였다. 도시열섬강도 감소는 풍속과 같은 자연적 요인 및 사회적 거리두기 단계와는 큰 관련성이 없는 것으로 보인다. 반면에 COVID-19 이후 시행된 사회적 거리두기 및 확연히 감소된 대기오염물질과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 NO₂와 가장 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.234-246
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• 1992

조경수목(造景樹木)들의 대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)들에 대한 감수성(感受性) 및 저항성(抵抗性)을 규명하기 위해서 야외조사(野外調査)와 실내실험(室內實驗)을 통하여 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 peroxidase(POD) 및 superoxide dismutase(SOD) 함량(含量)을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하였다. 은행나무에서는 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 POD 활성간(活性間)에 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 나타났고 잣나무, 소나무 및 양버즘나무에서는 엽내(葉內) 유황함량(硫黃含量)과 POD 활성간(活性間)에 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. 각 수목(樹木)들은 오염물질(汚染物質)이 체내(體內)에 흡수(吸收), 축적(蓄積)됨에 따라 내성기구(耐性機構)로써 POD 같은 효소(酵素) 활성(活性)을 증가시켰다. 특히 잣나무와 양버즘나무의 POD 활성(活性)이 높게 나타났다, $SO_2$ 처리실험에서 고유의 POD 활성(活性)이 낮은 침엽수(針葉樹) 1년생 잎이나 은행나무에서는 $SO_2$ 처리구간에 POD 활성(活性) 변화가 거의 없으나, 고유의 POD 활성(活性)이 높은 스트로브잣나무와 튜립나무에서는 처리농도가 높을수록 POD 활성(活性)이 증가하는 것으로 보아, 외부 stress에 대한 단기적 POD 활성(活性)은 감수성(感受性)이 큰 수종(樹種)에서 나타나며, 장기적 POD 활성(活性) 증가는 식물체(植物體)의 방어기작(防禦機作)중의 일부로써 나타났으며 수목(樹木)의 SOD와 POD 활성간(活性間)의 상관관계(相關關係)는 은행나무에서만 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보이고 나머지 수목(樹木)에서는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. SOD와 POD 활성(活性)은 수종(樹種)마다 특이한 반응(反應)을 나타내며, 대부분의 수종(樹種)에서 SOD와 POD가 동시에 내성(耐性) 기구(機構)에 참여함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2015

Vulnerability due to climate change depends on the concentration of carbon dioxide emissions over several upcoming decades. The objective of this study is to estimate the concentration of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in 2100, while also accounting for expected socio-economic changes in Korea. First, we intend to prepare scenarios for possible socioeconomic changes in Korea: business as usual (BAU), high growth and low growth. Secondly, we aim to predict services demands in residential?commercial sector, transportation sector, industrial sector for each scenarios. Finally, the emissions of LLGHG and SLCP will be estimated on the basis of the predicted service demands. The study results project that in Korea, LLGHG emissions will be approximately $660Mt\;CO_2\;eq$. and SLCP emissions will be approximately 3.81 Mt, -including black carbon (BC) by 2100. The transportation and industrial sectors are the major source for LLGHG emissions, and the residential and commercial sector serve as the SLCP source. Later, additional studies on the cost and benefit of mitigation should be carried out by comparing the reduced use of materials that cause climate change as a result of reduction policies and the socioeconomic cost.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose vegetation management devices through analyzing the actual vegetation, flora, plant community structure and soil chemical concentrations in Weolmi urban nature park, Incheon. The actual vegetation of Weolmi Park in various areas is composed of urbanization area(2 types, 25.9%), landscape planting area(4 types, 16.1%), grass and marsh area(5 types, 7.6%) and mountain forest areal(14 types, 50.4%). The flora is composed of 295 taxa with 80 families, 253 species, 35 varieties and 7 formas, and among them there are 16 naturalized plant families, 39 species, 3 varieties. In reflection of size, the number of the species seems high but most of the them are under influence of human disturbance. Nine survey plots of plant community structure are classified into two groups. One is the semi-natural plant community(Prunus sargentii-Acer palmatum, Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata-Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Prunus sargentii, and Zelkova serrata-Prunus sargentii) that migrated finn the planting forest to the natural forest and the other is planting forest(Pinus koraienssis-Pinus thunbergii-Abies holophylla-Chamaectparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, Pinus thunbergii-Alnus firma, Zelkova serrata). The average pH is 4.65 which means the soil acidity is quite high. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg and base saturation is very low. It seems that the environmental pollutants from Incheon Port and industrial plants near by survey site and long-distance transport of air pollutants from China made the soil condition worse. On the basis of the results above, six vegetation management devices are suggested: 1) removing the hazard plants(Pueraia thunbergiana and Humulus japonica), 2) natural landscape management of the middle and long term, 3) increasing species diversity, 4) Robinia pseudoacacia management, 5) keeping the naturalized plants from being distributed any further inside the mountain forest, 6) improving soil acidification.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.377-397
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• 2005

A new box model is proposed to describe the dynamic trend of the spatially averaged concentrations of pollutants over a large urban area such as metropolitan Seoul. Being averaged temporally and spatially over a thresh-hold scales, the dynamics of the pollutant concentration becomes simple enough that the governing equation can be expressed in an explicit algebraic form as a function of several meteorological factors and the pollutant emission rate. The single most important meteorological factor is the wind speed dominating the daily variations of the pollutant concentrations. Given the meteorological data from the surface station in the metropolitan Seoul, the model concentration shows excellent agreement with observations from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2000: the modeling uncertainty, for example, of $NO_2$ concentrations, defined as mean differences between the model concentrations and observations is $16\%$ of the model concentrations. Even for $PM_{10}$ of which secondary sources are considered to be very important and simple box model is irrelevant to, the model performance turns out good, modeling uncertainty being about $32\%$.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2015

이 논문은 도시의 장래 탄소 배출량과 환경적 영향을 예측하는 방법론에 대하여 설명하고 있다. 다양한 저탄소 도시/교통정책의 시행으로 인한 장래의 토지이용과 교통의 변화를 예측하기 위하여 토지이용 통합 모형인 DELTA, OmniTRANS 조합을 적용하였다. 또한, 이러한 모형과 통합하기에 적합한 배출량 산정 모형과 확산모형을 선정하여 사용하였다. 개발 방법론의 결과 값인 토지이용과 통행 활동으로 인한 이산화탄소 및 대기오염 물질의 배출량, 오염 물질의 농도, 통합 대기질 지수 등이 GIS 기반의 지도에 표출되도록 하였다. 수원시를 대상으로 프로토타입을 개발하고 결과 값의 표출 사례를 논문에 예시하였다. 개발 방법론은 환경 친화적인 도시 정책의 효과를 알고자 하는 정책 결정자들에게 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.294-305
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• 2022

최근 드론은 환경보호와 자연재해감시 등 환경문제 해결에 많이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 도심의 대기환경을 유지하기 위하여 대기오염을 탐색하는데 드론을 활용하고자 할 때 드론의 탐색고도 문제에 초점을 둔다. 특히, 드론을 활용하여 도시의 대기오염을 탐색할 때 대기오염원 별 그리고 통신모듈 별 적정한 탐색고도를 파악하기 위한 다양한 실험을 진행한다. 실험을 통해 가장 일반적인 대기오염원인 CO(일산화탄소), NO₂(이산화질소), O₃(오존), P10, P2.5(미세먼지)를 위한 최대측정가능고도를 파악하고, 각 대기오염원 별 유효한 탐색고도를 도출한다. 실험 결과 법적 측정가능고도 등 세 가지 유형의 드론 탐색고도가 제시되었다. 통신모듈 측정가능고도는 통신모듈에 따라 60m에서 120m로 나타났으며, 유효 측정가능고도는 10m에서 100m로 분석되었다.