• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to draw the related variables on the Mother-Children Infraction and Juvenile Deliquent Behaviors between Urban and Rural Areas. The results were as follows: 1. Juvenile Deliquent Behaviors between Urban and Rural Areas and between male and female were the significant Gap statistically. 2. Juvenile Deliquent Behaviors were the significant Gap statistically in mother`s educational level and home living level. 3. The dysfunctional communication of the Mother-Children was resulted in the Juvenile Deliquent Behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-124
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship among housewive's backgrounds, laundry practice, laundry concept and interests about environmental pollution. Two separate samples were selected to study a possible relationship among housewive's backgrounds, laundry practice, laundry concept and interests about environmental pollution in rural and urban areas. Using SAS (Statistical Analysis System), the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant differences in laundry practices by age, education, occupation, housing type and income. But there was no difference in laundry practice between the rural area and urban area. 2. There were significant differences between laundry awareness and age, education, occupation, housing type and income. But there was no difference in laundry awareness between the rural area and urban area. 3. There were significant differences in environmental interest by age, education, occupation, housing type, income. There were significant differences in environmental interest between the rural and urban areas. 4. There was a significant relationship in laundry awareness, environmental interest and laundry practices between the rural area and urban area. It was concluded that a housewife who has a greater environmental interest showed greater awareness in laundry practices.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 1982

The study deals with the empirical research on the condition of nutrient intake of low income class which be represented by urban slum and rural area, with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrient- intake. The method of the research was based on the spot-survey with questionaires. The result is that the levels of nutrient-intake are below the standard requirement level of nutrients in both of urban slum and rural area. The level of nutrient intake in urban slum lies in approximately 50% of the standard requirement level and 80% of the standard requirement level in rural area. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. More than half of the population in the community are below the standard requirement level of the nutrient- intake. The problem of malnutrition was serious in urban slum than in rural areas, which made a good contrast with the result of Peru study. Deficiency in calcium was most serious. The factor analysis of the prevalent condition of malnutrition in low class suggests that 1) The function of local market in supplying food is not so effective in the sense that the quality of the foods purchased id the local market is poor. 2) Low level of knowledge, the consequent ignorance and the indifference to the nutrition and the low income led to malnutrition. The level of income and the education were significantly correlated to the nutrient-intake.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.568-576
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the food habit, nutrition knowledge and health status of elementary school students in Kyung-buk area. As for dietary Pattern, 65.8% of students ate breakfast and 82.9% ate dinner on a daily basis. Their main dish for the meal was boiled rice with soup and this combination accounted for 60.3% of the breakfast items and 67.8% of the dinner items. Students in both rural and urban areas had dinner more regularly than breakfast. Overall knowledge on nutrition was 7.31 points out of 10. Urban students earned 7.33 while rural students did 7.29. Out of the maximum of 20 points, the overall grades on physical health were 15.57. (15.44 in rural areas and 15.70 in urban areas). As a result of their spiritual health condition, rural children recorded 6.63 point and urban children recorded 6.81 point on a 10 point scale. Furthermore, 32.8% of the children of the respondents had spiritual awareness phenomenon. The better the understanding of nutrition, the sounder mind and physical health stemed from the good dietary habits. Also the data showed that relatively young Parents had better dietary habits than the older ones.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of stress, social support, and marital satisfaction between married immigrant women living in urban areas and women living in rural areas to identify ways to improve their mental health. Methods: Two hundred married immigrant women were recruited from multicultural familysupport centers located in Daejeon City and Chungcheong Province. From July, 2009 to January, 2010, data were collected using self- administered questionnaire. Study instruments were scales for acculturative stress, housewives life stress, support from spouse, and marital satisfaction. Results: Urban married immigrant women had lower levels of acculturative stress and higher levels of support from spouse and more positive marital satisfaction compared to rural women. Both groups reported similar levels of stress in life as a housewife. Factors influencing marital satisfaction in both group were lower levels of acculturative and housewives life stress, higher levels of support from spouse, and living with parents-in-law. Conclusion: Rural married immigrant women may have more problems in adjusting to Korean culture and marriage compared to urban women. Therefore, to improve the physical and psychological wellbeing and marital adjustment of married immigrant women, development of nursing strategies according to area of residence is needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.252-263
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• 2012

The present study was performed to evaluate dietary behavior, food intake, and satisfaction with food-related life regarding the elderly residing in different regions of Korea. The survey was conducted on 631 individuals over 55 years old in either urban or rural areas. The survey was carried out using a questionnaire including dietary behavior, mini dietary assessment, and a food frequency questionnaire. The average age of the rural elderly was higher than that of the urban elderly whereas, education level and economic status were higher in the urban elderly compared to the rural elderly. The intake of dairy products, meats, instant foods, snacks, and the use of nutrient supplementation were significantly higher in the urban elderly than those of the rural elderly (p = 0.000). The intake of vegetables was significantly higher in the rural elderly (p = 0000). Furthermore, the rural elderly were more satisfied with food-related life and had better balanced diets than those of the urban elderly. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that customized nutritional management and education for adequate meals in different regions should be developed and provided in order to improve the quality of healthy living for the elderly.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.933-941
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• 2015

This study investigated differences in nutritional knowledge and eating habits of adolescents living in rural and urban areas of Inner Mongolia, China. A survey was conducted on 869 middle school students in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia: 436 from urban and 433 from rural school. Subjects answered a questionnaire about socio-economic characteristics such as parents' education level and family affluence scale, nutritional knowledge, needs for nutritional education and food habits. Levels of parents' education (p<0.001) and family affluence (p<0.001) were significantly higher in urban students. Nutritional knowledge level of urban students was higher than that of their counterparts (p<0.001). However, rural students reported higher needs for nutritional education (p<0.001). Rural students more frequently consumed snacks (p<0.001) and instant noodles (p<0.001) than urban students. However, consumption frequencies of lunch (p<0.001), dinner (p<0.001), fast food (p<0.001), fruits (p<0.001), vegetables (p<0.001), and milk (p<0.001) were higher in urban students. Considering differences in eating patterns between urban and rural students in Inner Mongolia, appropriate nutritional education programs and nutritional policies should be established for rural students to promote a healthy diet.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.388-397
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• 2017

Due to urbanization and industrialization, urban and rural areas show differences in various characteristics such as population structure, economic level and infrastructure, but disaster safety measures do not reflect these characteristics. In this study, the theoretical review on the disaster environments of urban and rural areas was carried out, and the survey of consciousness on disaster and safety(unstructured elements, structured elements, personel elements, environmental elements) targeting the idents was carried out in order to investigate the consciousness of residents in urban and rural areas for disaster safety. Also based on the survey result, the matters to be reflected when establishing a regional disaster management plan in future were drawn.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.679-690
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Concerns about regional disparities in heathy eating and nutritional status among South Korean adults are increasing. This study aims to identify the magnitude of regional disparities in diet and nutritional status among Korean adults who completed the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were a nationally representative sample of Korean adults aged 19 years and older from the 2017 KNHANES (n = 6,126). We employed the svy commands in STATA to accommodate the complex survey design. The relative concentration index (RCI), absolute concentration index (ACI) and index of disparity were used to measure regional nutritional inequalities. RESULTS: Overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the poor than among the rich in urban areas (RCI = -0.041; P < 0.05), while overweight and obese adults were more prevalent among the rich than among the poor in rural areas of South Korea (RCI = 0.084; P < 0.05). Economic inequality in fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 500 g per day was greater in rural areas than in urban areas in both relative size (RCI = 0.228 vs. 0.091, difference in equality = 0.137; P < 0.05) and absolute size (ACI = 0.055 vs. 0.023, difference in equality = 0.032; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides useful information identifying opposite directions in the relative concentration curves between urban and rural areas. Adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the poor in urban areas, while adult overweight/obesity was more prevalent among the rich in rural areas. Public health nutrition systems should be implemented to identify nutritional inequalities that should be targeted across regions in South Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.475-483
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure accessibility and to examine distribution of restaurants in the local community. Methods: The target area of this study was two urban areas and a rural area in a city. We collected location information on all restaurants in target areas and classified all restaurants according to Korean food restaurants and Non-Korean food restaurants. We measured restaurant density per 100 m from the residences of the study population and calculated the distance of the nearest restaurant from the residences of the subjects using the Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis method. We compared the accessibility and distribution of restaurants in urban areas with that of the rural area, and compared the accessibility and distribution of Korean restaurants with that of Non-Korean restaurants. Results: Restaurants in urban areas were more dense than those in the rural area, and, in urban areas, restaurants were intensively distributed around the subjects' residence. Also, there were more Non-Korean food restaurants than Korean food restaurants in urban areas, and it was opposite in the rural area. Conclusion: It is important that we understood the current state of the restaurant environment in the local community using GIS analysis for the first time in the field of food environment. Further research is necessary on the association of restaurant environments and the dietary life of the population.