• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

The general objective of this study was to investigate biomechanical characteristics of bowling swing using three-dimensional cinematography. This study focused specifically on movements of the upper body segments during a bowling swing. Eight elite female bowling players participated in this study. Subjects performed bowling swing and their performance was sampled at 60 frame/sec using two high-speed video cameras with a synchronizer. After digitizing images from two cameras, the two-dimensional coordinates were used to produce three-dimensional coordinates of the 12 body segments (20 joint reference makers). The obtained three-dimensional coordinates were fed to a custom-written kinematic and kinetic analyses program (LabView 6.1, National Instrument, Austin, TX, USA). The analyses determined the linear and angular kinematic variables of the body segments with which joint force and torque of the lower and upper trunks and the shoulder were estimated based on the Newton-Euler equations. It was found that during the bowling swing the peak linear velocities of the body segments were reached in sequence the trunk, the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist, and the bowl. This result indicates that linear momentum of the lower body and the trunk transmits to the arm segment during the bowling swing. The joint torques of the torso and the arm occurred almost simultaneously, indicating that bowling swing seem to be a push-like motion, rather than a proximal-distal sequence motion in which many of throwing motions are categorized. The ultimate objective of the bowling swing is to release a heavy-weight bowl with power and consistency. Therefore, the bowling swing observed in this study well agrees with that bowlers use the stepping to increase the linear velocity of the bowl, the simple pendulum system and the push-like segmental motion in the torso and the arm segment to enhance the power at the release of the bowl.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 양궁 슈팅 시 양발의 균형성과 상지 분절 및 관절의 운동학적 분석을 실시하여 점수에 따른 차이를 비교분석 하였다. K대학교 엘리트 양궁선수 9명을 피험자로 선정하였으며, 70 m 거리에서 122 cm 표적지에 각각 3발씩 5엔드를 반복 측정하였다. 7대의 적외선 카메라(Qualisys, sweden)와 2대의 지면반력기(Kistler, Switerland)를 사용하여 상지 분절 및 관절의 움직임과 힘의 작용점(center of pressure [COP])를 산출하였다. 연구결과 양궁 선수가 8점을 쐈을 때, 9-10점을 쐈을 때보다 드로잉 암(drawing-arm)의 팔굽관절 운동범위와 왼발의 좌우 COP 범위가 크게 나타났다(p<.05). 양궁 경기에서 고득점을 유지하기 위해서는 지속적인 균형성이 요구되며, 특히 슈팅하는 순간 활을 지지하는 왼발의 균형성이 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 또한 활을 지지하는 드로잉 암의 팔굽관절 움직임을 최소화하는 것이 안정적인 슈팅에 도움이 될 것이다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were to compare unimanual, symmetrical and reciprocal movement of transportation. Nineteen participants with post-stroke hemiparesis were involved in this study. We used the Fitmeter accelerometer to measure the dependent variables: signal vector magnitude, peak acceleration and peak deceleration. With respect to the hand and arm, intensity of unimanual movement was higher than that of symmetrical movement, and reciprocal movement was greater than that of symmetrical movement. With regard to the trunk, intensity of unimanual movement was lower than that of symmetrical movement, and within bimanual movement, reciprocal movement was greater than that of symmetrical movement. In conclusion, reciprocal movement would facilitate upper extremity movement and decrease the compensatory movement of trunk more than would symmetrical movement.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2021

Angioleiomyoma is a benign soft tissue tumor originating from vascular smooth muscle. We report a case of a 20-year-old student who presented with pain in the right shoulder of 4 years duration. Shoulder movements were pain-free throughout the range of motion except resisted external rotation. Magnetic resonance imaging visualized a well-circumscribed lesion over the infraspinatus tendon. The lesion was surgically removed and sent for histopathological analysis. Morphology and immunohistochemistry results were suggestive of angioleiomyoma. The most common location for such a lesion is the lower limb, with less than 1% being reported in the upper arm, of which an angioleiomyoma of the shoulder is extremely rare.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2019

Background/Objectives: This paper proposes a dual mode feedback-controlled cycling system for children with spastic cerebral palsy to rehabilitate upper extremities. Repetitive upper limb exercise in this therapy aims to both reduce and analyze the abnormal torque patterns of arm movements in three- dimensional space. Methods/Statistical analysis: We designed an exercycle robot which consists of a BLDC motor, a torque sensor, a bevel gear and bearings. Mechanical structures are customized for children of age between 7~13 years old and induces reaching and pulling task in a symmetric circulation. The shafts and external frames were designed and printed using 3D printer. While the child performs active/passive exercise, angular position, angular velocity, and relative torque of the pedal shaft are measured and displayed in real time. Findings: Experiment was designed to observe the features of a cerebral palsy child's exercise. Two children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy participated in the experiment and conducted an active exercise at normal speed for 3 sets, 15 seconds for each. As the pedal reached 90 degrees and 270 degrees, the subject showed minimum torque, in which the child showed difficulty in the pulling task of the cycle. The passive exercise assisted the child to maintain a relatively constant torque while visually observing the movement patterns. Using two types of exercise enabled the child to overcome the abnormal torque measured in the active data by performing the passive exercise. Thus, this system has advantage not only in allowing the child to perform the difficult task, which may contribute in improving the muscle strength and endurance and reducing the spasticity but also provide customizable system according to the child's motion characteristic. Improvements/Applications: Further study is needed to observe how passive exercise influences the movement characteristics of an active motion and how customized experiment settings can optimize the effect of pediatric rehabilitation for spastic cerebral palsy.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2023

Purpose : We aimed to evaluate the impact of a exercise with kinect-based mixed reality device (KMR) on physical function, upper extremity disability, fatigue, and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. We hypothesized that this exercise program would improve physical function, physical activity, fatigue, and quality of life. Methods : Thirty-nine breast cancer survivors were randomized to either the KMR exercise group (KE) or the home stretch group (HS). The KE participated in 8 weeks of exercise, exercising 3 times per week, while the HS performed 8 weeks of stretching exercises, also 3 times per week. Before and after the intervention period, participants underwent assessments of physical function, including body composition, chester step test (CST), and hand grip strength (HGS). Additionally, participants completed questionnaires including the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire, and functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) questionnaire to measure their physical activity levels, upper extremity disability, and quality of life, respectively. Results : Overall, significant improvements were observed in several shoulder movements, body weight, and physical activity, with no significant interaction effects between groups and time. Furthermore, there was a significant group by time interaction for body weight, left flexion, right flexion, right abduction, and left adduction, as well as for upper extremity disability (K-DASH) and quality of life (FACT-B). Conclusion : In conclusion, the KMR exercise program was found to be effective at improving physical function, upper extremity disability, quality of life, and overall well-being in breast cancer survivors. The significant improvements observed in multiple measures and the significant group by time interactions for various outcomes highlight the potential benefits of this KMR exercise program in promoting a better quality of life for breast cancer survivors.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

수영과 핀수영의 스타트 동작의 운동학적 변인들을 3차원 영상분석법으로 비교분석하였다. 수영 스타트에서는 상지는 후상방으로 몸통은 전상방으로 이동했다가 전하방으로 하강하는 양상을 보인 반면 핀수영 스타트에서는 모든 분절이 전하방으로 이동하는 양상을 보였다. 수영 스타트에서 신체중심은 멀리 전방으로 수평 이동하다가 하방으로 급격히 이동하는 반면 핀수영 스타트에서의 중심은 짧은 시간에 전하방으로 가깝게 이동하는 것으로 나타났다. 입수 시 수영의 중심은 수직 속도가 핀수영의 중심은 수평속도가 높게 나타났다. 수영과 핀수영 모두 상지의 속도가 하지보다 더 신체중심의 속도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 핀수영 스타트에서 고관절은 점프 전에 굴곡을 하는 반면 수영에서는 점프 후 공중에서 2번 굴곡을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 핀수영의 슬관절 굴곡 신전운동이 수영보다 더 급격한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to obtain information necessary for the development of patient clothes that can reduce physical fatigue of caregivers by quantitatively measuring the muscle load and fatigue. The patient clothes used in this study can be broken down into three types: A type (back center zipper open suit), B type (top-to bottom separated patient clothes), and C type (front zipper open suit). The EMG measurement sites are as follows: hand muscle (brachioradialis), upper arm (biceps, triceps), shoulder (anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius), and waist (erector spinae); additionally, the EMG signals were measured. Through this experiment, muscle load, muscle energy consumption, and muscle fatigue generation tendency were analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the C type patient clothes required the most strength in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hands, and back when being put on and taken off compared to other patient clothes. The A type clothes required a relatively large force in opening the zipper. In terms of muscle energy consumption, B type generally called for more strength when it came to the zip-up and putarmsup motions. With regard to the cover the body and put legs/hips up motions, C type used the highest amount of muscle energy, whereas A type used relatively little energy. In terms of the occurrence of muscle fatigue during the putting on and taking off of the patient's clothing, there was a difference in the area and degree of muscle fatigue in the A, B, and C types, and there was also a tendency for muscle fatigue to occur when performing repetitive movements.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to give basic data for the improvement of the skill and to show an exemplary position for squash club members or trainers thru a comparative analysis on the kinematics and kinetics variables on the forehand drive motion in playing squash. The objects of the research are divided into two sections, skilled group(n=8) and unskilled group(n=8). The skilled group is composed of professional players currently working and unskilled group is career of six month, both of lives in B city. In this research, to gather the data 3D motion analysis and test result analysis using force platform was used. The variables are duration, position, segment velocity, segment acceleration and etc. in using force platform. The results are as follows: 1. The duration per phase of the skilled is 0.18sec P1(DS) while that of unskilled is 0.32sec. in P2(FT), the duration of the skilled is 0.29sec, that of unskilled is 0.34sec. Average of the duration of the skilled is 0.48sec, while the unskilled, 0.66sec. 2. Regarding positional movements per event, the unskilled has a relatively higher position in center of gravity, shoulder joint, elbow joint compared with that of the skilled. Generally speaking, positions of the unskilled is higher than the skilled. 3. In segment velocity per event, R-shank, R-upper arm, R-forearm and racket. The skilled is faster than the unskilled. we found a big dig difference in shank. 4. In acceleration per event, there was a big difference in upper-arm and fore-arm of the impact. 5. The skilled group on the force platform shows relatively stable and regular changes while the unskilled shows unstable from the touch down to initial 20% the force value of central support period after the impact moment decreases rapidly and the center of gravity is not moved well. 6. The maximum force value of the skilled is 1019.7N. it is found 19.86% of the total duration. That of the unskilled is 639.2N, it is found 20.67% of total duration.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Gam-ki (double-arm winding) depending on the emotion being expressed. Gam-ki is one of the basic movements of Korean traditional dance. Method : We selected three Korean traditional dancers who belong to National Dance Company of Korea. They were asked to express four different emotions (anger, joy, sadness, and neutral) while performing Gam-ki. We analyzed elapsed time and time ratio, size of movement, ground reaction forces and ground impulses. Results : During Gam-ki the elapsed time for each phase as well as for one cycle was longest when "sadness" was expressed then followed by "neutral" and then "angry" and "joy." Except for the ankle in/eversion, the ROMs of the lower limb joints seem not to be an emotion-characteristic factor. The ROMs of the upper limb joints were largest when "anger" was expressed. Neck rotation is associated with expressing negative emotions ("angry" and "sadness"). For medial-lateral GRF "angry"> "joy" > "neutral" > "sadness" was in order. Therefore, it can be regarded as a factor indicating the activity of the emotion.