• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2016

Plant-derived triterpenoids commonly possesses biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-viral and anti-cancer. Luvunga scandens is one of the plant that produced triterpenoids. The aims of the study was to analyze cell cycle profile and to determine the expression of p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), caspase-8 and caspase-9 genes at mRNA level in MCF-7 cell line treated with two triterpenoids, flindissol (1) and 3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic-acid (2) isolated from L. scandens. The compounds were tested for cell cycle analysis using flow cytometer and mRNA expression level using quantitative RT-PCR. The number of MCF-7 cells population which distributed in Sub G1 phase after treated with compound 1 and 2 were 7.7 and 9.3% respectively. The evaluation of the expression of genes showed that both compounds exhibited high level of expression of PUMA, caspase-8 and caspase-9 as normalized to ${\beta}-actin$ via activation of those genes. In summary, the isolated compounds of L. scandens plant showed promising anticancer properties in MCF-7 cell lines.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2007

Hexavalent chromium-contaminated soils are encounted at many unregulated discharge and improper handling of wastes from electroplating, leather tanning, steelmaking, corrosion control, and wood preservation industries. Contamination of hexavalent chromium in the soil is a major concern because of its toxicity and threat to human life and environment. Current technologies for hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil remediation are usually costly and/or cannot permanently prohibit the toxic element from entering into the biosphere. Thus, as an alternative technique, immobilization is seen as a cost-effective and promising remediation technology that may reduce the leachable potential of hexavalent chromium. The purpose of this paper is to develope an immobilization technique for the formation of the geochemically stabilized hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil from the reactions of labile soil hexavalent chromium forms with the added soluble phosphate and chromium reducing agent. From the liquid phase experiment, reaction order of chromium reducing agent, soluble phosphate, alkali solution shows the best removal efficiency of 95%. In addition, actual soil phase experiment demonstrates up to 97.9% removal efficiency with 1:1 molar ratio of chromium reducing agent and soluble phosphate. These results provide evidence for the potential use of soluble phosphate and chromium reducing agent for the hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil remediation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7069-7074
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• 2013

Programmed cell death is a basic cellular process that is critical to maintaining tissue homeostasis. In contrast to apoptosis, necrosis was previously regarded as an unregulated and uncontrollable process. However, as research has progressed, necrosis, also known as necroptosis or programmed necrosis, is drawing increasing attention, not least becasu of its possible impications for cancer research. Necroptosis exhibits a unique signaling pathway that requires the involvement of receptor interaction protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and can be specifically inhibited by necrostatins. Not only does necroptosis serve as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is inhibited, but it is now recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes and the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases such as ischemic brain injury, immune system disorders and cancer. The control of necroptosis by various defined trigger factors and signaling pathways now offers the opportunity to target this cellular process for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this paper is to review current findings concerning the connections between various trigger factors and the RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway as it relates to necroptosis.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.373-375
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• 2008

Studying for environmentally-friendly and efficient energy source is now actively under way on because problems like environmental pollution and exhaust of natural resources are in issue. Pure Cell which is an alternative energy source has low voltage and high current characteristic, therefore boost up voltage converter and DC-AC converter is required to use as a common power source. In this paper, DC-DC converter which has high efficient and high power density is proposed and verified by experimental result.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2001

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, is clinically and histopathologically characterized by local as well as systemic inflammatory reactions, indicating that orientiae induce mechanisms that amplify the inflammatory response. To reveal underlying mechanisms of chemoattraction and activation of responding leukocytes, expression of chemokine and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) genes in murine peritoneal macrophages after infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Ο.tsutsugamushi was investigated. The genes that were unregulated included macrophage inflammatory proteins l$\alpha$/$\beta$(MIP-l$\alpha$/$\beta$), MIP-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), gamma-interferon-inducible protein 10(IP-10) and TNF-$\alpha$. Peak expression of these chemokines and TNF-$\alpha$ was observed between 1 and 3 h after infection. These responses returned to or approached baseline preinfection levels 6 h after challenge. Semiquantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed dramatic Increases during infection in the steady-state levels of mRNA ceding for the inhibitory subunit of NF-kB (IkB$\alpha$), whose transcription is enhanced by binding of NF-kB within the IkB$\alpha$promoter region. Thus, Ο. tsutsugamushi appears to be a stung inducer of chemokines and TNF-$\alpha$ which may significantly contribute to inflammation and tissue damage observed in scrub typhus by attracting and activating phagocytic leukocytes.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.102-112
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• 1992

The three-phase full(6-pulse) bridge controlled rectifier is one of the most widely used types of solid-state converters in DC drive applications for higher performance. In most of the previous designs, the gate control circuits of the converter have been designed with analog method which can be easily affected by noise. Nowdays with advances of microelectronics and power electronics, microprocessor and pheripal LSIs are increasingly used for eliminating this problems. In this paper, a novel general-purpose microprocessor -based firing system and control scheme for a three-phase controlled rectifier bridge has been developed and tested. Using the phase relations between ${\Delta}$-Y transformer in power operation part, gate pulse of the converter is generated with real time process so that microprocessor may share its time to control algorithms efficiently. The firing angle of the converter is smoothly controlled in the range of 0 $^{\dirc}$ to 180$^{\dirc}$ with a fast respone and a constant open loop gain, even for the case where the converter is fed by a weak AC system of unregulated frequency. The hardware and software control circuit implementation built around a 80286 microprocessor is discussed, and the experimental results are given. This scheme uses less hardware components and has higher dynamic performance in variable speed DC drive applications.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

Aquaculture drugs have used to prevent disease in aquaculture field for many years. In spite of many advantages, overdose and abuse may cause environmental pollutions and antibiotic resistances. Many countries try to protect the environment, biospecies and food safety. Recently, Korea enact laws and ordinances such as the Aquatic Animal Disease Control Act. The purpose of this act to contribute to the stable production and control system for aquatic diseases. The Maximum residue limits (MRLs) of aquaculture drugs have been established by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and Drug licensing was in National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) by Aquatic Animal Disease Control Act. There is 750 items in aquaculture drugs and these are classified into 4 group, which is approval, necessary for prescription, unregulated and safety drug, and banned drug. MRLs of 30 items in aquaculture drug have been established by Food Sanitation Act. Future research is required to determine the suitable for abundant varied fishes of drugs for side effects and safety.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2015

The illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing can be properly regulated only if fishing activities, transhipment and landing of illegally caught fish, and processing of fish at sea involved in it are integrally managed. To do this, flag States, port States, coastal States, market States and relevant regional fisheries management organizations shall closely cooperate. In addition, fishing boats involved in IUU fishing often ignore requirements of safety of navigation so that they could be exposed to more causes of incidents and could have less chances to be rescued. Then, it seems to be necessary for the regulation on IUU fishing to include a certain consideration of strengthening safety of those ships. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has developed and implemented international rules for the safety of shipping. IMO has cooperated with Food and Agricultural Organization on IUU fishing since 2000 and the third joint meeting is scheduled in November 2015. This paper reviews the recommendations adopted in the previous meetings, and the measures actually taken as a result of the cooperation and, in particular, focus on the additional roles of IMO for the eradication of the IUU fishing.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

Flow duration curves provide a compact summary of streamflow variability. In this study, characteristics of the dimensionless flow duration curve in natural rivers with the unregulated discharge were investigated. An analysis of flow duration characteristics was conducted with discharge data at stage-gauging stations of IHP representative basins and of the major rivers in Korea. Discharge characteristics are dependent on area of watershed. However, flow duration coefficients except drought duration coefficient are independent on that. Abundant flow duration coefficient was constant value. The coefficient of flow duration variability defined in this study as the ratio of the normal stream flow over the drought one is decreased with increasing of the watershed area, which implies that the watershed area affects the drought flow duration variability more than the low flow one. And the coefficient of flow duration variability is increased with the river gradient.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.220-233
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• 2019

This work aims to study and analyze the various operating modes of universal power converter which is powered by solar and thermoelectric generators. The proposed converter is operated in a DC-DC (buck or boost mode) and DC-AC (single phase) inverter with high efficiency. DC power sources, such as solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels, thermoelectric generators (TEGs), and Li-ion battery, are selected as input to the proposed converter according to the nominal output voltage available/generated by these sources. The mode of selection and output power regulation are achieved via control of the metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches in the converter through the modified stepped perturb and observe (MSPO) algorithm. The MSPO duty cycle control algorithm effectively converts the unregulated DC power from the SPV/TEG into regulated DC for storing energy in a Li-ion battery or directly driving a DC load. In this work, the proposed power sources and converter are mathematically modelled using the Scilab-Xcos Simulink tool. The hardware prototype is designed for 200 W rating with a dsPIC30F4011 digital controller. The various output parameters, such as voltage ripple, current ripple, switching losses, and converter efficiency, are analyzed, and the proposed converter with a control circuit operates the converter closely at 97% efficiency.