• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.399-404
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• 1998

우리 나라에서 오랫동안 식용 및 황색 색소원으로 이용되어 온 치자(Gardenia jasminoides)열매로부터 iridoid glycoside인 geniposide를 분리, 정제한 후 ${\beta}-glucosidase$로 가수분해하여 얻은 genipin을 glycine, alanine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, glutamate 등 여섯 종류의 아미노산과 반응시켜 수용성 치자청색소로 전환되는 과정을 규명하였다. Genipin이 아미노산과 반응하여 청색소가 되는 과정에서 pH의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 여러 pH에서 반응을 시켜본 결과 청색소 생성의 최적조건은 pH 7.0 이었고, pH 3.0 조건에서는 청색소가 전혀 생성되지 않았으며, pH 12.0 조건에서는 미량의 청색소만 생성되었다. 아미노산의 종류에 따라서도 청색소 생성량 및 색감에 차이가 있었는데 $Iysine({\lambda}_{max}=573\;nm),\;glycine({\lambda}_{max}=595 \;nm),\;phenylalanine({\lambda}_{max}=602\;nm),\;alanine({\lambda}_{max}=595\;nm)$에 비해 $histidine({\lambda}_{max}=601\;nm)$과 $glutamate({\lambda}_{max}=601\;nm)$의 경우에는 비교적 적은 양의 청색소가 생성되었다. 청색소 생성 속도상수를 여러 온도$(60,\;70,\;80,\;90^{\circ}C,\;pH\;7.0\;phosphate$ 완충용액)에서 구하였는데, 염기성 아미노산이 중성 및 산성 아미노산에 비해 생성속도가 빨랐다. 이들 값으로부터 Arrhenius 활성화에너지를 계산한 결과 $glycine(E_A=9.8\;kcal/mol)$이 다른 아미노산$(E_A=13.3{\sim}15.4\;kcal/mol)$에 비해 특히 작은 값의 활성화에너지를 나타내었다.

• 심성연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-64
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• 2010

크리스챤 영성의 관점에서는 '영성(靈性)'이란 바로 우리가 우리 자신이 되게 하는 영적 씨앗으로써 누구나 그 씨앗을 발아시켜 자기 자신의 온전한 본 모습을 찾아가는 길이다. 자기실현(自己實現) 또는 개성화과정은 융의 중심사상으로, 개인적 성격의 발달을 지향하는 분화의 과정이다. 달리 말해 의식과 무의식의 통합을 이루어 자신이 가지고 있는 모든 기능을 온전히 제대로 사용할 수 있도록 함으로써 전체성(全體性)을 달성해 나가는 과정이다. 그렇다면 이는 인간 누구에게나 주어진 삶의 중심과제일 수밖에 없다. 이런 측면에서 보면, 영성신학적인 견해와 분석심리학적인 견해가 서로 만날 수 있는 길이 보인다. 스위스 취리히(Zurich)의 연방기술연구소에서 1938년부터 1941년까지 열렸던 특강 시리즈에서, 융은 동양과 서양의 전형적인 상징과 변환과정에 대한 고찰을 통해 요가와 이냐시오 성인의 '영신수련', 그리고 연금술에 대해 강의하면서, 서양을 대표하는 인간 정신의 변환의 도구로써 이냐시오의 '영신수련'을 들고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이냐시오의 '영신수련'에 대한 융의 견해를 중심으로 '영신수련'을 개성화의 과정과 비교해봄으로써 그 분석심리학적 함의를 조명해보는데 중점을 두었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 PAHs 오염토양의 자연 풍화 및 화학적 생물학적 처리과정에서 반응부산물로 흔히 발견되는 PAH-케톤화합물인 1-indanon (1-ID)을 대상으로 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 망간산화물에 의한 산화 변환 제거특성 및 용존 자연유기물인 휴믹산(HA)의 존재에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. 반응성 평가 실험은 수용액 상에서 회분식(10 mg/L 1-ID, 0.3 mM phenolic mediators, $1.0g/L\;{\delta}-MnO_2$, at pH 5)으로 수행 하였으며, 페놀계의 반응매개체(phenolic mediator)는 자연산 페놀화합물로서 휴믹물질의 모델 화합물로서도 널리 사용되고 있는 11종을 사용하였다. 실험결과 1-ID은 망간산화물 자체에 대하여는 비반응성을 띠었으나 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서 교차-결합(cross-coupling)반응을 통해 제거됨을 HPLC 분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 1-ID의 제거율은 반응 2일 경과 후 9.2~71.2%범위에서 페놀계 반응매개체의 구조적 특성에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 각 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 1-ID의 교차결합 반응은 유사1차 반응 속도식을 따랐으며, 초기 반응속도 상수 값($K_{int}$, $hr^{-1}$)은 0.48~15.0의 넓은 범위에서 나타났다. 1-ID의 제거효율(제거율, 속도상수)은 -OH, $-OCH_3$ 등 전자주게(electron donating) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체에서 높았으며, -COOH, -CHO 등 전자받게(electron withdrowing) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체일수록 낮았다. 또한 동일 반응 조건에서 HA 존재에 따른 영향을 검토한 결과 낮은 HA 농도(< 2 mg/L) 조건에서는 1-ID 제거효율의 상승효과를 보였으나 전체적으로는 HA 주입 농도가 증가할수록 교차 결합 반응효율이 저하됨을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.174-185
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• 2010

Full-length cDNAs are essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. To elucidate the functions of a large population of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, we have been taking advantage of the full-length cDNA Over-eXpresser (FOX) gene hunting system. With oligo dT column it purify the each mRNA from the flower organs, leaf and stem tissue. And about 120,000 cDNAs from the library were transformed into $\lambda$-pFLCIII-F vector. Of which 115,000 cDNAs from the library were transformed into T-DNA binary vector, pBigs for transformation study. We used normalized full-length cDNA and introduced each cDNA into Arabidopsis by in planta transformation. Full-length Chinese cabbage cDNAs were expressed independently under the CaMV 35S promoter in Arabidopsis. Selfed seeds were harvested from transgenic Arabidopsis. We had selected 2,500 transgenic plants by hygromycin antibiotic tolerant test, and obtained a number of transgenic mutants. Each transgenic Arabidopsis was investigated in morphological changes, fertility and leaf colour. As a result, 285 possible morphological mutants were identified. Introduced cDNA was isolated by PCR amplification of the genomic DNA from the transgenic mutants. Sequencing result and BLAST analysis showed that most of the introduced cDNA were complete cDNAs and functional genes. Also, we examined the effect of Bromelain on enhancing resistance to soft rot in transgenic Chinese cabbage 'Osome'. The bromelain gene identified from FOX hunting system was transformed into Chinese cabbage using Agrobacterium methods. Transformants were screened by PCR, then RT-PCR and real time PCR were performed to analyze gene expression of cysteine protease in the T1 and T2 generations. The anti-bacterial activity of bromelain was tested in Chinese cabbages infected with soft rot bacteria. The results showed that the over-expressed bromelain gene from pineapple conferred enhanced resistance to soft rot in Chinese cabbage.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1042-1047
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• 2004

Voltage control is an essential part of the electric energy transmission and distribution system to maintain proper voltage limit at the consumer's terminal. Besides the generating units that provide the basic voltage control, there are many additional voltage-controlling agents e.g., shunt capacitors, shunt reactors, static VAr compensators, regulating transformers mentioned in [1], [2]. The most popular one, among all those agents for controlling voltage levels at the distribution and transmission system, is the on-load tap changer transformer. It serves two functions-energy transformation in different voltage levels and the voltage control. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been realized as a convenient tool that can be used in controlling the on load tap changer in the distribution transformers. Usage of the ANN in this area needs suitable training and testing data for performance analysis before the practical application. This paper briefly describes a procedure of processing the data to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to control the tap changer operating decision of parallel transformers for a closed primary bus. The data set are used to train a two layer ANN using three different neural net learning algorithms, namely, Standard Backpropagation [3], Bayesian Regularization [4] and Scaled Conjugate Gradient [5]. The experimental results are presented including performance analysis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2000

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is well established as an indispensable tool of molecular biology; and yet a limitation for cloning applications continues to be that products often require subsequent restriction to be that products often require subsequent restriction digests, blunt-end ligation, or the use of special linear vectors. Here a rapid, PCR-based system is described for the simple, restriction enzyme-free generation of synthetic, 'restriction-like' DNA fragments with staggered ends. Any 3'- or 5'-protruding terminus, but also non-palindromic overhangs with an unrestricted single strand length are specifically created. With longer overhangs, "Restriction-PCR" does not even require a ligation step prior to transformation. Thereby the technique presents a powerful tool e.g. for a successive, authentic reconstitution of sub-fragments of long genes with no need to manipulate the sequence or to introduce restriction sites. Since restriction enzyme-free and thereby devoid the limitations of partial DNA digests, "Restriction-PCR" allows a straight one-step generation and cloning of difficult DNA fragments that internally carry additional sites for specific sequence insertions or deletions can be precisely engineered into genes of interest. With these properties "Restriction-PCR" has the potential to add significant speed and versatility to a wide variety of DNA cloning applications.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1973

The present paper concerns the age determination and growth of butter fish, Pampus argenteus from the southwestern waters of Korea by otolith reading. 743 specimens taken by stow-net in the southern part of the Yellow Sea and northeastern part of the East China Sea during the period from October 1972 to September 1973 were examined. Results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Sex ratio of females to males was found to be 2:1. 2. Ring marks on the otolith were found to be formed twice a year, once during the period of January-May and the other time in September. 3. The Lee's phenomenon was observed on the otolith sample. 4. The relationship between the radius of otolith(R) and fork length(L) was found to be as follows: R=0.3069+0.0133L 5. Calculated fork length at the time of otolith ring formation are found to be as follows:I-ring,71.67mm; II-ring, 125.05mm; III-ring, 168.65mm; IV-ring, 201.74mm; V-ring, 225.80mm; VI-ring, 240.84mm. 6. Maximum fork length calculated according to the diagram of Walford's growth transformation was found to be 281.5mm. 7. Growth curve, when related to the von Bertalanffy's equation, was laid out as $L_{t}=281.5[1-e$^{-0.674(t-0.128)}]$

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 1991

Review of literature on stomachache. According to investigated the pathology of a stomachache about all sorts of falling ill, I have been obtained following conclusions. 1. The cause of Ui Wan Tong are clod-wet-ui wan, sik juk, dam eum, a huy1 be made of gi bul soon (氣不順). 2. Pain of Je sang bu are called jung wan tong, dae bok tong, jung cho tong, cause are sik juk, han sa, chung juk. pain of je ha bu are called so bok tong, hache tong, soh bok tong, so bok are devided two part, one is so eum sin the other is gul eum gan, cause are jo gyul dae jang, yul gyu1 bang kwang, hyul gyul bang kwang, porak hu ect. 3. Pain of je bu are called je bok tong, hwan je e tong, so bok je ju tong, and cause are juk yu1, jo si, dam hwa. Pain of yang hyup bu are called yang hyup ha so bok tong, yang bang ge hyup tong, yang hup jisang tong, cause are ban gi,yang myung jo geom. According to above results, the patholosy of a stomach ache about the part of falling ill in a course of transformation on the epidemic fever comes into the viscera.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2005년도 e-Biz World Conference 2005
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This research describes the comparison broker's role and its effectiveness measurement using a developed logical framework of comparison shopping service. And verifies that seller-led comparison challenge method provide comparison information of products to buyers more efficiently. In electronic commerce, buyer's satisfaction of purchase (S) can be defined as an interactive function between seller's competitiveness vector (P) of products that supplied to the market, and buyer's informed level vector (B) of products that is known from a lot of sources. Then the buyer's informed level can be changed through the information analysis among products by transformation process using comparison matrix (C). So the role of comparison shopping is to construct a comparison matrix and to serve it to the buyers, and to change the buyer's informed level. The changed informed level influences a buyer's satisfaction, that improved satisfaction of purchase is defined as the effectiveness of comparison shopping. As a perfect provision and usage of comparison matrix is impossible cause of cognitive limit, the most efficient method for improving the comparison effectiveness is the comparison challenge that detects the comparison elements of the largest buyer's information efficiency, and then to be compared between elementary products selectively. This research verifies the substantial superiority of comparison challenge through television market data experiments.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

A method of measuring the length of defects on the wall and restructuring the defect image is proposed based on the estimation algorithm of a camera orientation, which uses the declination angle of a laser slit beam. The estimation algorithm of the horizontally inclined angle of CCD camera adopts a 3-dimensional coordinate transformation of the image plane where both the laser beam and the original image of the defects exist. The estimation equation is obtained by using the information of the beam projected on the wall and the parameters of this equation are experimentally obtained. With this algorithm, the original image of the defect can be reconstructed as an image normal to the wall. From the result of a series of experiments, the measuring accuracy of the defect is measured within 0.5% error bound of real defect size under 30 degree of the horizontally inclined angle. The proposed algorithm provides the method of reconstructing the image taken at any arbitrary horizontally inclined angle as the image normal as the wall and thus, it enables the accurate measurement of the defect lengths by using a single camera and a laser slit beam.