• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

In the world, the old population is growing fast and many countries went into an advanced age society. Therefore the development of everyday products, electric appliances, and welfare services considering old people is more important than ever. In particular, the complexity of products can cause many problems for old people. Universal design is an approach to create environments and products that recognizes the diversity of users, regardless of their ability or age. Universality evaluation for a product is very important to verify old people's accessibility and usability for the product. Universality means how good a product was designed in view of universal design principles. In this study, UNIX, a method to evaluate the universality of a product was developed. UNIX was based on seven universal design principles; equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use. UNIX is a kind of expert evaluation and very simple method. The method is consisted of two steps. In the first step, relative weights for seven principles and subjective ratings on design suitability for each principle are obtained. In the second step, universality index (UNIX) of each product is obtained by weighted average multiplying relative weights and rating scores. As a case study, this method was applied for mouse designs. In conclusion, this method could be effectively applied to evaluate the universality of a product.

• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.267-289
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• 2010

Nationalism endorses a collective movement to establish an authentic position in the international cultural and political arena. Arguably the dialectic of nationalism and geopolitics bears a reassuring similarity to the philosophical lineage going back, at least, to Hegelian dialectic of universality and particularity. This dialectic platform has been concerned with sustaining, among other things, the dynamics between the universal and the particular. In practical terms, nationalism prompts increased sensitivity to socio-political pressures coming from abroad to cancel the national particularity into geopolitical, so-called universal, anonymity. Drawing suggestively from psychoanalysis, Lacanian ethics in particular, this discussion articulates the ethics of nationalism. Recounting Kantian self-determination as a reference point for responsible morality, Lacan suggests the problematics of desire as an alternative index for ethics. As individual desire flows from the unfathomable abyss of misrecognition, Lacanian ethics dissuade individuals to unlearn the fantasy that their own real desire, a residue produced by the Symbolic process, can be satisfied with that very socio-cultural Symbolic. Subjecting nationalism to Lacanian implications, Zizek illuminates nationalism as a small screening object which obscures as much as displays the circuits to the individual desire. Psychoanalytic ethics addresses that the ethical base should be found upon the particular, individual, real desire. As far as the nationalist cause also puts emphasis upon particularity rather than universality, nationalism is logically positioned to exert reflective efforts on empowering its constitutive individuals. Lacanian ethics persuades us to challenge the universal claim and to work through to regenerate nationalism in presenting its final contribution towards individual particularities.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

액정과 같은 단축 이방성 분자들의 상대 복굴절 ${\Delta}n_{rel}$과 질서변수 S가 만족하는 준선형 관계식인 $S=(1+a){\Delta}n_{rel}-a{\Delta}n^2_{rel}$이 보편적인 관계식임을 확인하였다. 액정분자들이 정다면체 대칭분포를 할 경우 굴절률은 등방적이며 $\frac{1}{n^2_{av}}=\frac{1}{3}\(\frac{1}{n^2_e}+\frac{2}{n^2_o}\)$와 같이 구해짐을 확인하였다. 정다면체 대칭성을 가지는 액정의 기본 분포에 분포함수 가중치를 가하여 액정의 정렬정도를 바꾸며 ${\Delta}n_{rel}$과 S를 수치계산 하였다. 또한 액정이 z축 주위 회전대칭성을 가지는 깔때기 모양으로 분포하고 있을 때 깔때기의 중심각을 변화시키며 ${\Delta}n_{rel}$과 S를 수치계산 하였다. 이로부터 S와 ${\Delta}n_{rel}$의 준선형 관계식이 액정의 분포형태와는 무관한 보편적인 관계식임을 보였다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 2005년 영국의 BSI(British Standards Institution)에서 인쇄 형태로 출판된 UDC(Universal Decimal Classification)의 표준판과 1973년 한국과학기술정보센터(KORSTIC, Korea Scientific & Technological Information Center)에서 출판된 UDC의 한국어판을 비교 분석하여 한국어판의 개정방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 앞으로 개정될 한국어판은 표준판의 규모로 한국어 간략판과 MRF(Master Reference File)를 바탕으로 표준판의 체제에 따라 본표와 색인으로 된 인쇄판이 되어야하며, 국제적 보편성을 강화하고, 보조표를 통한 조합의 방식을 더욱 확대할 필요가 있음을 제언 하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권32호
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• pp.255-266
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• 1994

This study does present things to suggest to foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation through the empirical study on the standardization level. If we summary this study, it is as follows. In chapter I, we did institute the problems and explain the objects and methods and system of the study. In chapter II, we did explain the universality of the culture and international advertisement. Next, we did explain the background of doing specialization strategy and standardization strategy. Also we did study the previous study about the arguements for and against these. Lsat we did institute the hypothesises as follows. - Hypothesis 1 $H_0$ : The use of westerner appeal means has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 2 $H_0$ : The use of westerner model and knowned has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 3 $H_0$ : The use of the English language has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 4 $H_0$ : The use of the west short piece and background has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. In chapter III, we did refer to the method of this study. First, we did adjust the measure of standardization index, and we did work coding it, such after the two coder did check the freguency of the appeal meanstype about the advertisement of four daily report. Then we did select eight production as high involvement production and seven production as low involvement. We did test the coder's trust degree on the such sample to be selected through the 't-test' of the SAS statistic program and regression analysis through the spss/$pc^+$ statistic program to approve the this study's hypothesises. In chapter IV, we did analysis the results of the empirical study on the high or low involvement productions. First, the results of t-test to approve the coder's trust degree is that it is same statistically attentionly the distribution of the sample between coder at 10% attention level. Next, the results of the regression analysis on eight hypothesises are as fellows. In case of high involvement production we are able to speak that the use of the English language appeal among the eight appeals is only standardized. And incase of low involvement production, we are able to speak that the use of the hard-sell appeal among the eight appeds is only standardized. Therefore we did conclude that the standardization level of Korea newspaper advertisement is low. Also this suggests that it will do plan and do the specialzation strategy or localization strategy foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation in Korea newspaper advertisement. In chapter V, we do present the boundary of this study and new study methods.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.289-312
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• 2018

판소리는 여러 세대를 거쳐 전승되면서 시대에 따라, 혹은 명창의 자질과 능력에 따라 생성, 변모를 거듭해 온 예술장르이다. 무형문화재 제도는 이러한 판소리의 생명력을 보전, 전승하기 위해 만들어진 것이므로 그 지원과 보호의 책임을 다해야 한다. 따라서 새로 제정된 법률안의 올바른 시행을 위해서는 먼저 판소리 전승의 주체와 우리 문화 전반의 인식이 변화할 점은 없는지를 살펴보는 일이 필요하다. 판소리는 21세기 현재성과 대중성을 담보하며 향유 양식도 다양하게 변화하고 있다. 이 시대 판소리의 예술성과 보편성을 어떻게 만들어나갈지는 결국 우리의 몫으로 남는 것이다. 이러한 점에서 무형문화재법의 변화 양상, 현재 국가무형문화재와 전북무형문화재를 중심으로 전승의 현황을 살펴보았으며 그 문제점을 개진하였다. 보유자의 수나 종목의 다변화가 필요하며 이를 위해 조사지표나 실기능력지표를 고려하여 신청하고 지정하여야 함을 논하였다. 아울러 보유자 지정을 위한 항목들의 문제점을 지적하고 개선할 방향을 논의하였다. 판소리의 경우 유파별 보유자 지정, 정기조사와 정기 신청, 대중화를 위한 이수자 역할의 확대, 지역 명창의 목록 조사, 보유자에 대한 감독과 모니터링, 전수교육을 위한 매뉴얼 확립 등을 개선안으로 제시하였다. 이를 통해 판소리의 전승이 더욱 활발해지고, 전수교육이 체계적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 무형문화재법 시행 초기이므로 앞으로도 개선해야 할 내용은 지속적으로 드러나게 될 것이다. 판소리가 우리만의 것이 아니고 인류의 것이라는 점에서, 법률과 문화가 서로 보완 상생하며 나아갈 때에 더욱 바람직한 전승지원이 이루어질 것이라는 점은 확실하다.