• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

In the spatial configuration of a unit plan, two rules exist: one that governs the arrangement of spaces, and one that controls the design process of generating a unit plan. This study defines space grammar as an integration of the two rules that give birth to a given spatial configuration and as the process of the generation of unit plans. To understand the distinctive features of Indonesian row houses, this study analyzes the unit plans of row houses in new towns of the metropolitan cities of Indonesia, derives a common space grammar from the unit plans, and interprets the sociocultural background that has produced this space grammar. This study employs Seo's (2007a; 2007b) graph-theoretic methodology to analyze the spatial configurations of unit plans along with a topographical approach to systematically illustrate the design process. The guest space was found as the most unique space of Indonesian houses, which cannot be found in other Southeast Asian houses. Kitchen was clearly seperated from the dining and living spaces, following traditional custom. Dining space was found to serve as a circulation center, connecting the entrance, the lving area and the kitchen. This study locates the basic orders of primary space and the design principles that dictate the unique spatial configurations of Indonesian row houses. This study reveals the basic space grammar that underpins the forms of Indonesian row houses, explaining the sociocultural and geo-climatic factors affecting this space grammar and proposing unique characteristics of Indonesian contemporary houses.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.894-900
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• 2005

A new approach to the straightforward implementation of the unscented filter in a unit quaternion space is proposed for spacecraft attitude estimation. Since the unscented filter is formulated in a vector space and the unit quaternions do not belong to a vector space but lie on a nonlinear manifold, the weighted sum of quaternion samples does not produce a unit quaternion estimate. To overcome this difficulty, a method of weighted mean computation for quaternions is derived in rotational space, leading to a quaternion with unit norm. A quaternion multiplication is used for predicted covariance computation and quaternion update, which makes a quaternion in a filter lie in the unit quaternion space. Since the quaternion process noise increases the uncertainty in attitude orientation, modeling it either as the vector part of a quaternion or as a rotation vector is considered. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed approach successfully estimates spacecraft attitude for large initial errors and high tip-off rates, and modeling the quaternion process noise as a rotation vector is more optimal than handling it as the vector part of a quaternion.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

The walls of art museums become the background of exhibits, and they form a unit space depending on the of each exhibit. In addition, the walls are configured and presented depending on the rhythm of space, or the structure of an axis. In this study, according to the axis composed for each unit space, the presentation methods of walls were classified as follows: The central type, the skewed type, the crossed type, the one-side corridor type, and the two-way corridor type. By analyzing visual configurations formed by the arrangement of each unit space, the value and the hierarchy of walls are discussed To analyze the classified types with the physical change of unit space, the factors of visual integration, connectivity, depth, and visual axis are compared, and various configurations of walls and space change are applied.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2001

The hospice movement evolved as an alternative to hospitals as places to die. Recently, the palliative care for dying and hospice has been developed rapidly and placed itself as one of the medical systems. But the studies on hospice program and establishment method in Korea are few or no in comparison with developed countries. Hospice unit within a general hospital is more efficient hospice type than other terminal care establishments, therefor it will be developed rapidly. With this in mind, this study puts elements of architectural planning on the hospice unit for the space requirements. Also, It is investigated the architectural conditions of hospice unit within a general hospital, analyzed the unit space and spatial composition in hospice unit. The purpose of this study is to propose the fundamental data and unit space for architectural plan and design.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2010

Apartment buildings represent the most typical patterns of housing in Korea. The present plans are very different from the previous ones when they appeared for the first time. Although apartment unit plans has changed drastically, they can be classified into several categories. Apartment unit plans reflects the demands of living activities and space dimensions of unit plans have the characteristics of diachronic continuity and carry the values of living culture. Thus this study aims to provide the statistical dimensional data of each room that can be actually used for the design of unit plans by sub-grouping typical unit plans. The statistical data of this study showed that apartment unit plans are shifting from 2bay/3room type to 3bay/3room type in 1990s. It is very peculiar that the typical unit plan of $60\;m^2$ area becomes to resemble that of $85\;m^2$ area. The space arrangement of typical unit plans of both $60\;m^2$ and $85\;m^2$ area is almost identical while only their space dimensions differ slightly. As the mean/mode/median values of space dimensions in a typical unit plan are converging into a range of narrow margin, space dimensions of typical unit plan are contended to be strictly regular. The statistical numeric data of various space dimensions provided in this paper can be applied practically to the design of apartment unit plans for low income class people who are disprivileged in the society.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

This study was to find out users' satisfaction on the dormitory of high school in Jeonju City and to propose it's physical environmental improvement directions. This was performed by a questionnaire survey method, and the questionnaire was designed by researchers considering relative literatures. Data were collected from 200 students, who had been dwelling 4 high school dormitories in Jeonju City. By analyzing those data, findings were as follows: 1) Users of students were satisfied the whole of their dormitory; facilities, spaces, and living. 2) They were highly concerned about a library and a personal unit space in their dormitory. 3) They needed their personal unit space to be designed bedroom+bathroom type with 2 persons' sharing and be equipped one story bed and desk furniture. Also, they needed improvement on heating & cooling, small space and indoor air quality of unit space. 4) The users' satisfaction on unit space were 2.88, and their satisfaction of the technical factor was 2.71 that was the lowest score in them. And The functional factor was highly effected their satisfaction. 5) The space utility and the space size of functional factor, the soundproof, the heating/ventilation and the indoor quality of technical factor, and the privacy of behavior factor were highly correlative to their satisfaction of unit space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose the unit plan for home office which can substitute the existing unvaried unit plan in housing and homogeneous working space in office building through the recognition of necessity and possibility about whether home-basedworkandhomeofficecanbeformedornot. Based on the above contents of a research, the following conclusions were summarized; 1. The unit plan of home office was divided into 'jointly-used type' and 'independent-separated type' in accordance with the relationship between housing and working space, 'dwelling-emphasis type' and 'working-emphasis type' in accordance with the grade of ranks between housing and working space. And the universal validity which could accept properly the dweller's characteristics was drawn by the above classification of unit types. 2. The required characteristics in a unit plan for home office were classified into flexibility, privacy, efficiency, identity, amenity. And the analyzing system of planning methodology was assigned according to dividing interior components into space-functional, space-designing interior facts. The planning methodology would have to be considered on the correlation with each required characteristic. As a result of the study, through a planning of independent-separated type, In especial, 'vertical-separated type', it was certificated that vertical-separated type could satisfy a variety of required characteristic in space-designing as well as space-functional aspect.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the cases of storage space outside housing unit and propose the activation plan. The issue of storage in residential complex has continued to be reported. This is more salient due to the recent preference trend for small houses, the constant increase of living goods and the limitation of the available space inside housing unit. Although more apartment houses are trying to have individual storage in the exterior space to address these issues, there is still a paucity of the related studies and more studies are required. In this study, we conducted on-site investigation and user interview of each case to propose active usage of the storage space outside housing unit. Result of this study shows that the most crucial factor to improve is 'accessibility' in order to activate the storage space. Storage room should be located close to each household or the individual parking space. The second factor is the size and the structure of the storage room. The sufficient space for keeping and taking large objects out are required. The front of the storage room should have a clogged structure to insure privacy. The third is the provision of suitable support programs such as the system that occupants can check remotely what items are in their storage rooms, garage sale, laundry service, auto cleaning system and rental program. Those programs are required for efficient management and activation of space. Another requirement is to improve environmental factors which include maintenance of optimal temperature and humidity, automatic ventilation system, control of individual lights, and security enhancement. Based on the results of the survey, we provide basic data which can be used for practical space planning to activate exterior storage space of the housing unit. Further surveys are required to develop this study by obtaining more data for generalization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2012

In this paper we obtain some new characterizations of Besov spaces on the unit ball of $\mathbb{C}^n$. These characterizations are also completely new even in the settings of the unit disk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2007

The expansion of open education and the 7th revision of educational curriculum have brought big changes in the school facilities. In response to the integrated curriculum for the first and second grades of elementary school, various plans, such as open classroom, expanded classroom size, and the installation of multi-purpose space, have been attempted. However, such plans have appeared in the form of an open classroom--a uniform spatial composition. As a result, a plan for unit learning space to support the educational curriculum and activities for low grade levels is still insufficient. In the case of advanced countries, a lot of studies on space are being actively conducted to develop the creativity of children and to facilitate free-style learning, and such space is actually applied to a real educational environment. Therefore, this study will analyze the spatial composition of unit learning space for low grade level elementary schools in Korea. From the cases of advanced countries, a more concrete proposal will be suggested to diversify unit learning space for low grade levels.