• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2008년도 특별논문집
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• pp.68-75
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• 2008

This paper describes the design and implementation of a low cost inertial navigation system(INS) using an inertial measurement unit(IMU), a digital compass, GPS, and an embedded system. The system has been developed for a transporter that load and unload ship blocks in a shipbuilding yard. When the transporter would move from place to place, they would periodically pass under obstructions that would obscure the GPS signal. This increases the error when estimating the position. Thus the INS has been used to improve position accuracy. INS is also capable of providing continuous estimates of the transporter's position and orientation. Even though IMU is typically very expensive, this INS is made of "low cost" components and the indirect Kalman filtering algorithm.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1994

Microiniection of genes Into Xenopus laeuis oocvtes in highly useful in the annvsis of gene regulation, since a large number of oocvtes can be injected in a relatively short time. The GRP78 enhancer has been identified to a 291-bp fragment that spans a region of GRP78 promoter between -378 and -87 (Lin et at., 1986: Kim and Lee, 1989). We examined whether this GRP78 enhancer is effective in directing expression of heterologous gene in Xenopus laeuis oocytes. The chloramphenicol acetvltransferase (CAT) fusion constructs containing the GRP78 promoter and the SV4O early promoter were constructed and were injected into nuclei of Xencpus laeuis oocvtes. The recipient oocvtes were then assayed for CAT activity. The fusion constructs exhibited higher activity as compared to SV40 promoter tested here. The GRP78 enhancer showed 8.5- to 9.2-fold enhancement over that of the SV4O promoter. The orientation of GRP78 enhancer with respect to the direction of CAT transcription unit had no significant effect. Thus, the GRP78 enhancer is a viable candidate for the construction of expression system for use in Xenopus laevss oocvtes and will be important for the studY of a gene expression throughout development.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

This study, aimed to categorize pattern of impatient's families in the ICU and to provide useful data for development of family-supportive program was conducted from June, 12 to Aug., 28, using Q-method. After reviewing the literature the researcher proceeded to interview 4 impatient's families in the ICU, developed the statement from consisting of 38 items, and then 30 impatient's families in the ICU were sampled. The collected data were coded after having been scaled from 1 to 9 points, and analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Three types were identified; The first type focused on self-regret about the impatient, the second type of families had some concerns for their health, and the third type was thinking of preparing for their future-lives, such as insurance and savings. It was common to feel powerlessness, regret, compassion, grief and anxiety in all types. They wanted to be given some information, the prognosis of patient and the way to overcome. The study will offer better understanding for family-centered approach and be useful for the system of orientation about impatients and their families.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2008

모바일 매핑시스템 (Mobile Mapping Systems)에 장착된 카메라로부터, 3차원 데이터를 취득시, 취득된 3차원 데이터의 정밀도를 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나는 IMU/GPS와 카메라 좌표계간의 상대적인 위치(lever-arm)와 자세(bore-sight) 얼라인먼트이다. 기존 연구는 지상기준점(GPS)을 통하여 카메라의 절대표정을 계산하기 때문에, 하나의 좌표계 (GPS 좌표계) 상에서 이 얼라인먼트가 이루어진다. 이 방법은 GCP을 기본적으로 필요로 하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 GCP가 필요하지 않고, 연관성이 없는 카메라 데이터와 IMU/GPS 데이터를 통하여 이 두좌표계 간의 얼라인먼트를 계산하는 수학적 모델링을 제시한다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) A novel algorithm in order to extract lane-related information from road images is presented; 2) Design specifications of an image processing onboard unit capable of extracting lane­related information in real-time is also presented. Obtaining precise information from road images requires many features due to the effects of noise that eventually leads to long processing time. By exploiting a FPGA and DSP, we solve the problem of real-time processing. Due to the fact that image processing of road images relies largely on edge features, the FPGA is adopted in the hardware design. The schematic configuration of the FPGA is optimized in order to perform 3 $\times$ 3 Sobel edge extraction. The DSP carries out high-level image processing of recognition, decision, estimation, etc. The proposed algorithm uses edge features to define an Edge Distribution Function (EDF), which is a histogram of edge magnitude with respect to the edge orientation angle. The EDF enables the edge-related information and lane-related to be connected. The performance of the proposed system is verified through the extraction of lane-related information. The experimental results show the robustness of the proposed algorithm and a processing speed of more than 25 frames per second, which is considered quite successful.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2008

The mass loss rate and heat release rate of puzzle mats were analysed using variable external irradiation level. Five samples of puzzle mat were tested in this study : Type A, B, C, D and E. Type A, B and C are all general grades whereas Type D and E are both Flame retardant grades. Incident heat fluxs of $25kW/m^2$, $35kW/m^2$, $50kW/m^2$ and $70kW/m^2$ were selected for these experiments. All samples were tested in the horizontal orientation and were wrapped in a single layer of aluminum foil. Each sample was nominally 20mm thick and 100mm square. The combustion heat and mass loss rate were carried out from Oxygen bomb calorimeter and mass loss calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1 respectively. Heat release rates were calculated using the equation ${\dot{Q}}=A_f{\dot{m}}"_X{\Delta}H_c=0.75A_f{\dot{m}}"{\Delta}H_c$. where $A_f$ is the horizontal burning area of the sample, $\dot{m}"$ is mass loss rate per unit area, ${\Delta}H_c$ is complete heat of combustion and 0.75 is combustion efficiency.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Paper angle, environment friendly packaging material, has been mainly used as an edge protector. But, we have perceived its application to package design of heavy product such as strength reinforcement or unit load system (ULS) in the future. Above all, understanding of buckling behavior for angle itself and compression strength and quality standard have to be accomplished for the paper angle to be used for this purpose. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the buckling behavior through theoretical and finite element analysis, and to develop compression strength model by compression test for symetric and asymetric paper angle. Based on the result of theoretical and finite element analysis, increasing rate of buckling of asymmetric paper angle was higher as applied load level was bigger and/or the length of angle was longer than that of symmetric paper angle. Decreasing rate of minimum principal moment of inertia was remarkably increased as the extent of asymmetric angle is bigger, and buckling orientation of angle was open direction near the small web. Increasing rate of maximum compression strength (MCS) for thickness of angle was smaller as the web size was bigger in symmetric angle. MCS of asymmetric angle of $43{\times}57$ and $33{\times}67$ was decreased $15{\sim}18%$ and $65{\sim}78%$, and change of buckling was increased $12{\sim}13%$ and $62{\sim}66%$, respectively.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.55-55
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• 2010

We use ab initio density functional theory to determine the effect of bundling on the equilibrium structure, electronic and magnetic properties of $Mo_6S_{9-x}I_x$nanowires with x = 0, 3, 4.5, 6. Each unit cell of these systems contains two $Mo_6S_{6-x}I_x$ clusters connected by S3 linkages to form an ordered linear array. Due to the bi-stability of the sulfur linkages, the total energy of the nanowires exhibits typically many minima as a function of the wire length. We find that nanowires can switch over from metallic to semiconducting by applying axial stress. Structural order is expected in bundles with x=0 and x=6, since there is no disorder in the decoration of the Mo clusters. In bundles with other stoichiometries, we expect structural disorder to occur. We find the optimum inter-wire distance to depend sensitively on the orientation of the wires, but only weakly on x. It is also found that the electronic properties of nanowires are affected strongly due to bundling of nanowires exhibiting very unusual Fermi surfaces. Furthermore, ferromagnetic behaviors are observed in selected stable and many more unstable atomic arrangements in nanowire bundles.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제22권
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• pp.331-360
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• 1992

This research presents author co-citation analysis of the subject area in the humanities - Korean history. Three approaches to multivariate analyses were used to display the inter-author relationships in the similarity matrix. Data on co-citation of sixty seven authors for the period of 1980­1989 were extracted from the database constructed by author. The author's name, here refers to a body of writings by a person, is the unit of analysis. The data were subjected to non-metric multidimensional scaling program create two-dimensional map of authors. Authors with similarity are clustered using hierarchical agglomerative procedure and it is found that five clusters in Korean history represent primarily research specializations. Author map of Korean history reveals the first dimension corresponding to subject orientation of authors and the second dimension corresponds to research method or research style. In factor analysis, each factor reflects research specialty made up of authors, and factor locadings demonstrate the breadth or concentration of sixty seven authors' scholarly contributions on Korean history. It is demonstrated that the· specific methodology employed by this research, author co-citation analysis, is useful to represent the intellectual structure of Korean history.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2003

This paper proposes an autonomous approach to localize the center of fiducial marks included in aerial photographs without precise geometric information and human interactions. For this localization, we present a conceptual model based on two assumptions representing symmetric characteristics of fiducial area and fiducial mark. The model makes it possible to locate exact center of a fiducial mark by checking the symmetric characteristics of pixel value distribution around the mark. The proposed approach is composed of three steps: (a) determining the symmetric center of fiducial area, (b) finding the center of a fiducial mark with unit pixel accuracy, and finally (c) localizing the exact center up to sub-pixel accuracy. The symmetric center of the mark is calculated tv successively applying three geometric filters: simplified ${\nabla}^2$G (Laplacian of Gaussian) filter, symmetry enhancement filter, and high pass filter. By introducing a self-diagnosis function based on the self-similarity measurement, a way of rejecting unreliable cases of center calculation is proposed, as well. The experiments were done with respect to 284 samples of fiducial marks composed of RMK- and RC-style ones extracted from 51 scanned aerial photographs. It was evaluated in the visual inspection that the proposed approach had resulted the erroneous identification with respect to only one mark. Although the proposed approach is based on weak constraints, being free from the exact geometric model of the fiducial marks, experimental results showed that the proposed approach is sufficiently robust and reliable.