• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.783-802
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 몫으로서의 분수에 대한 학생들의 이해를 분석하고자, 몫으로서의 분수에 대한 학습을 마친 초등학교 6학년 학생 158명을 대상으로 똑같이 나누어 가지는 상황과 관련된 8개의 문항을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 학생들은 똑같이 나누어야 할 대상의 단일단위를 각각 분할, 합성단위를 분할, 전체를 분할하거나 적절하지 않은 분할 전략 등을 사용하여 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 학생들은 과제 변인(제시된 모델의 유형, 제시된 피제수와 제수의 크기)에 따라 사용하는 분할 전략 및 이해 정도의 차이를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 몫으로서의 분수에 대한 교수 학습 방안에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.457-471
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• 2023

측정은 초등 수학의 핵심 영역이지만 중요도에 비하여 측정 상황에서 단위에 대한 학생들의 이해는 충분하지 않은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 길이 측정 상황에서 초등학교 저학년 학생의 단위 추론에 대한 수준을 분석하여 이를 바탕으로 측정 영역에서 단위 추론을 지도하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 개방형 수직선을 활용하여 길이 측정 과제를 적용한 초등학교 2학년 학생들의 응답을 수집 및 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 단위 추론 수준은 단위화, 단위 반복, 단위 분할 정도에 따라 1단위 반복하기, 주어진 단위 반복하기, 단위 사이의 관계 알기, 단위 변환하기의 4개의 수준으로 나타났다. 가장 많은 분포를 보인 수준은 길이 측정을 위해 단위 사이의 관계를 인식하는 수준이었으며 각 수준을 대표하는 단위 추론에 대한 학생들의 수준별 특징과 사례를 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 단위 추론 수준에 맞는 지도 방안이 요구되며, 불완전한 단위 추론 능력을 가진 친구들을 위한 추가 지도나 맞춤형 중재물의 활용이 필요함을 논의하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.310-321
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• 2007

Status of benzene exposure was evaluated upon petrochemical workers in the Yeosu Industrial Complex, based on questionnaire responses by workers, review of previous work environment assessment reports between 1996 and 2004, in addition to short-term exposure measurements for unit tasks in the field. Questionnaire results showed that workers in the field were suffering concern on and symptoms of respiratory diseases, cancers or other illnesses of unknown causes. In particular, workers were highly worried about the risk of exposure to chemical hazards including benzene, while conducting specific tasks (e.g. sampling, draining, gauging) among normal operations during which equipments are opened and contents are exposedin the air, as well as periodic turnaround (TA) task. However, the review of previous work environment assessment reports found out that short-term exposure assessment data for unit tasks accounted for less than 1% of total data, and most of them were on 8-hr average exposure level. It also turned out that benzene was not detected in 83% of total samples, suggesting routine but pointless sampling has been repeated. Short-term exposure level was assessed focusing on tasks with high level of complaints on the exposure risk, based on the questionnaire responses. As predicted, a maximum of 741 ppm benzene exposure was reached depending on types and conditions of operations involved. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the evaluation and management on the short-term high exposure tasks including turnaround are crucial in reducing benzene exposure and preventing haematopoietic cancer in workers in the petrochemical industry.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.58-75
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• 1998

The hospital is characterized by it's remarkable labor industry and human resources input by unit. Recently, the administrative personnel are recognized as important staff to provide a hospital guidance to consumer and also easiness for consumer's visit to hospital. The objectives of this study is to find the performance of the administrative personnel in hospitals. The unit of analysis is the hospitals and data was collected form 144 staffs in 5 hospitals. Self administered questionnaire was given to analyze the general characteristics of staft such as age, sex, education, experience, and performance level in terms of frequency, ability, necessity of tasks. The major findings are as follows: 1. The 5 major tasks such as general affairs, insurance related affairs, hospital statistics, admission/discharge, and analysis of treatment cost were analyzed. Performance level of these tasks were not showed consistent level. It means that the same task was showed both high level performance and low level one. 2. The higher rates of performance level, ability and necessity were found, below 29 years of age, junior college graduates and university hospital than that of general one. 3. Factors mostly affected to performances were found as characteristics of hospital, age and education. 4. Concerning the various manpower management, On the job training, incentive mechanism and colose relationship among units were somewhat lack. In conclusion, most responded administrative personnel have performed actively in dealing with their tasks. however, the performance level and ability of the same task were showed differently, it means that such routine works were not standardized. Therefore, standardization and specification of tasks should be developed to strength the performance. Finally, this study is the first attempt to find out the performance of the administrative staffs and the study results imply that further study could be neeed to promote the performance of administrative personnel efficiently and effectively.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2022

컨테이너 기반 클라우드 환경은 다수의 컨테이너가 GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)를 공유할 수 있으며, GPU 공유는 GPU 자원의 유휴 시간을 최소화하고 자원 사용률을 향상할 수 있다. 하지만, GPU는 전통적으로 클라우드 환경에서 CPU, 메모리와는 다르게 컴퓨팅 자원을 논리적으로 다중화하고 사용자에게 자원 일부를 격리된 형태로 제공할 수 없다. 또한, 컨테이너는 GPU 작업을 실행할 때만 GPU 자원을 점유하며, 각 컨테이너의 GPU 작업 실행 시점이나 작업 규모를 미리 알 수 없기 때문에 자원 사용량 또한 미리 알 수 없다. 컨테이너가 GPU 자원을 임의의 시점에 제한없이 사용한다는 특징은 다수의 컨테이너가 GPU 작업을 동시에 실행하는 환경에서 자원 경쟁 상태 관리를 매우 어렵게 만들며, GPU 작업은 대부분 GPU 내부에서 블랙박스 형태로 처리되기 때문에 GPU 작업이 실행된 이후에는 GPU 자원 경쟁을 방지하는데 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 컨테이너가 GPU 작업을 동시에 실행할 때 자원 경쟁으로 인해 발생하는 성능 저하를 방지하기 위한 컨테이너 관리기법을 제안한다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 실험을 통해 다수의 컨테이너가 GPU 작업을 동시에 실행할 때 자원 경쟁으로 인한 성능 저하 문제를 분석하고 제안하는 컨테이너 관리기법의 효율성을 증명한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.391-406
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide foundational knowledge on nursing tasks performed on patients with COVID-19 in a nationally-designated inpatient treatment unit. Methods: This study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative method investigated the content and frequency of nursing tasks for 460 patients (age ≥ 18 y, 57.4% men) from January 20, 2020, to September 30, 2021, by analyzing hospital information system records. Qualitative data were collected via focus group interviews. The study involved interviews with three focus groups comprising 18 nurses overall to assess their experiences and perspectives on nursing care during the pandemic from February 3, 2022, to February 15, 2022. The data were examined with thematic analysis. Results: Overall, 49 different areas of nursing tasks (n = 130,687) were identified based on the Korean Patient Classification System for nurses during the study period. Among the performed tasks, monitoring of oxygen saturation and measuring of vital signs were considered high-priority. From the focus group interview, three main themes and eleven sub-themes were generated. The three main themes are "Experiencing eventfulness in isolated settings," "All-around player," and "Reflections for solutions." Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure adequate staffing levels, compensation, and educational support for nurses. The study further propose improving guidelines for emerging infectious diseases and patient classification systems to improve the overall quality of patient care.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1988년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 한국전력공사연수원, 서울; 21-22 Oct. 1988
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• pp.488-491
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• 1988

In this work, we developed a real-time versatile advanced control and supervisory software for a personal computer control. This software, basically, has background and foreground tasks which are performed in parallel at real time. First, background tasks are composed of controls of various kinds, reports and input-ouput of signals etc, which are performed every sampling time. Second, foreground tasks are observation of operation conditions, data search, regulation of controllers and graphical design and display of processes, which are performed by users request. Additionally, this software has the functions of transporting data and composing distributed control systems, and all background tasks are composed of combination of unit function blocks.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

본 논문은 한국철도공사의 구매업무와 타기업 등의 구매관련 업무를 비교 검토하였다. 또한, 철도산업의 특성상 주요 구매물품인 철도차량 및 차량용품을 중심으로 제도 및 운영상 문제점을 파악하고 이에 대한 개선방안과 효율적 구매관리로 철도차량과 차량용품 등의 구매비용 절감방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2019

This study attempts to examine statistical tasks in the middle-school mathematics textbooks of Korea and Connected Mathematics 3 [CMP] of the US in terms of an opportunity-to-learn for statistical reasoning. We utilized an analytical framework consisting of types of context, statistical reasoning level, cognitive demand of the tasks, and types of student response. The findings from the task analysis suggested that Korean textbooks focused on finding answers by applying previously learned algorithms or formulas and thus provided students with very limited opportunities to experience statistical reasoning. Also, the results proposed that the mathematical tasks in statistics unit of CMP3 offer more essential and complex tasks that promote students' conceptual understanding of various statistical ideas and statistical reasoning in a meaningful way.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.357-388
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• 2000

This study aims to develop performance assessment tools for mathematics in the primary school. In order to achieve this aim, it reviews the tics in the primary school. In order to achieve this aim, it reviews the meaning and the purpose of mathematics performance assessment, and the characteristics of performance assessment tasks. Then the framework for portfolio developed in this study is introduced. This portfolio is called 'mathematical thinking and applying'. It aims at balanced assessment for improvement of mathematics instruction. It is composed of journal writhing, problem by the student, constructed task, work samples, written test, self assessment, teacher's comment and parents' comment. The criteria of performance tasks is categorized in impact, reasoning, accuracy and communication. The procedures of development of these tasks are as follows: the analysis of mathematics curriculum for the primary school, the design of performance tasks with considering teaching unit goals, designing rubrics, discussing these tasks with teachers in primary school, modifying them when is needed, observing the process of children's task performing, interviewing with teachers and final modifying. After performance assessment tasks are implemented, the answers by the students is analyzed using rubrics. Then anchor papers are selected. Also, the errors of children are analyzed. Through the process, teachers can obtain the information of children for improvement of mathematics instruction. Finally in order to generalize this study, I suggest that we need to cooperate with the field of education and to establish expert assessment groups.