• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed at applying a standardized nursing process to adult surgery patients of post anesthetic care unit, and examining the validity of linkages in the measuring index of nursing outcome by which nursing outcome was applied. Method: The subjects were 184 surgery adult patients admitted at the post anesthetic care unit of Y university hospital. This study was used the measured tool developed by Choi et al.(2004) and by Lee (2004) who had already verified a validity based on Johnson and Bulechek's study(2001). Results: The nursing diagnosis of an acute pain, an urinary retention, a nausea, a decreased cardiac output, an ineffective airway clearance and an ineffective airway clearance were used in taking care for patients. The related factors according to the main nursing diagnosis were as the following: an injurious physical factor in an acute pain, reflex are inhibition in an urinary retention, post surgical anesthesia in a nausea, stroke volume change in a decreased cardiac output, secretory stasis in an ineffective airway clearance, pain in an ineffective breathing pattern. Conclusion: The study results could be facilitated in nursing process application for nurses at post anesthetic care unit. Also this study would provide basic data to develop a computerized program for the improvement of nursing process application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

Human's sight holds the most extents for recognizing information among other senses. If we make much better visualized environment for human, it will become more beneficial in person's emotion or body. Human is using a lot of display units in modern society. Basic hues ate Red, Green and Blue. Using these three colors, we can change hue sense and degree of brightness of display unit. If we control hue of unit to be suitable according to individual environment, we can feel comfortable or reduce stress. In this paper, we present Human-Friendly Intelligent Hue Control System(HFIHCS) that control hue of display unit using fuzzified factors related to human's emotion and environment. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated by questionnaire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2012

The spindle unit is a core part in high precision machine tool. Rotation accuracy of spindle unit is needed for high dignity cutting and improving the performance of machine tool. However, there are many factors to effect to rotational error motion(rotation accuracy). This study studied how rotational error motion is variation when unbalance amount is variation. Rotation accuracy of initial spindle unit is decided depending on parts and assembly such as bearing. When it is rotation, vibration and noise is appeared depending on volume of unbalance amount, so it works to decrease unbalance amount. The purpose of the study tests that unbalance amount how much effects to initial rotation condition. The result of the study shows that accuracy of parts and assembly is highly necessary to reach high rotation accuracy and unbalance amount hardly effects to initial rotation accuracy. However, it shorten spindle's life because vibration and noise is increasing by increasing unbalance amount and we can expect situation that rotation accuracy is falling by long time operation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.594-602
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• 1990

A computer-aided design system of involute cylindrical gears(spur and helical gears) for power transmission is developed, in which the volume of a gear unit is minimized with satisfying various design constraints. As the design constraints, bending strength and pitting resistance of AGMA 218.01, scoring of Dudley's flash temperature, contact ratio, and involute interference of pinion are considered and effective factors for strength calculation(life, reliability, hardness ratio, load distribution, velocity, etc.) are also included. This complicated nonlinear optimization problem is solved by using ALM(Augmented-Lagrange-Multiplier) method with self scaling BFGS(Broydon-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) method employed for unconstrained optimization programming. This design method can be easily applied to designing power transmission gear unit in the machines of various kinds. It is expected for the proposed method to be a contribution for an automated design of gear unit towards weight minimization, miniaturization and high strength of gear unit.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to grasp major elements and actual condition of apartment unit remodeling by in-depth interviews on residents and specialists. The interviews had been conducted to interior designers who have a wide experience of apartment remodeling and residents who live in recently remodeled apartment unit. In-depth interview is a kind of qualitative method in which attention to reply of responses with open-access between interviewer and respondents. According to the results, remodeling elements were generally changing of lighting fixtures and finishing materials in the all spaces, integration of balcony into children's room, installation of furniture in kitchen and entrance, changing storage furnitures and equipments in bathroom. Artificial lighting method were selected generally whole lighting. Finishing materials were used ordinary (non environmentally-friendly) wallpaper and adhesion and tempered floor. There were unsatisfied factors after remodeling, these were dissatisfaction of design, construction defects, and stink of reflecting 'sick house'. Also they responded that they should be considering to use environmentally-friendly material at next remodeling.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.711-713
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• 1996

This paper proposes a unit commitment scheduling method based on Genetic Algorithm(GA). Due to a variety of constraints to be satisfied, the search space of the UC problem is highly nonconvex, so the UC problem cannot be solved efficiently only using the standard GA To efficiently deal with the constraints of the problem and greatly reduce the search space of the GA, the minimum up and down time constraints are embedded in the binary strings that are coded to represent the on-off states of the generating units. The violations of other constraints arc handled by integrating penalty factors. To show the effectiveness of the GA based unit commitment scheduling, test results for system of 5 units are compared with results obtained using Lagrangian Relaxation and Dynamic Programming.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2019

The purpose of the city planning is to share the future image of the area where all citizens sympathize and to function as tools to implement a policy. Recently, the city of Seoul has established the community plan to manage the city as neighborhood units, but there are several issues that need to be addressed, such as lack of practical strategies. Therefore, this study studied the neighborhood unit plan in terms of feasibility. The comparative analysis is the masterplan of the City of Seattle in the U.S and the city of Yokohama in Japan, which are known to accomplish advanced urban planning. As a result, three factors were needed; there are 1) a masterplan that acts as an action plan, 2) administrative support tools such as financial and human resources that encourage people to participate in urban planning with enthusiasm, and 3) a management system that continuously manages the plan itself. This result is expected to be a reference for the establishment of method for the implementation of neighborhood unit plan in Seoul.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

If a system has a large boundary and complexity, forecast's accuracy will be very low when consider the system's substance as black box. Thus, it is necessary that analysis by structure model. To examine competition in Northeast Asia Ports, it has assumed that the form of structure model, For which the System Dynamics method is adapted in this paper. Northeast Asia Ports Model includes five ports - Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung, - which are adjacent to each other by geographically and has a competition relation. The Northeast Asia Ports Model has several sub-systems which consists of each unit port models. And, each unit port model found by quantitive, qualititive factors and their feedback loops. All effects which components of one port have influence to components of the rest ports must be surveyed in order to construct Northeast Asia Ports Model, but it may be impossible currently. In this paper Northeast Asia Ports Model was simplified by HFP-Hierarchical Fuzzy Process Method-adapted to integration of level variables of unit port model. Container cargo volumes in Northeast Ports Model is distributed by results of HFP method. And distributed container cargo volumes effected to unit port model. Developed model can estimate change of container cargo volumes in competitive relation by alternation of simple parameter, and reflects dynamics characteristics which are included in model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.340-350
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• 2023

This study analyzed the difficulty level of class on the seasonal change unit for 84 students at a university of education. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, if we first present the four topics that make up the seasonal changes in elementary science, the subjects that have the greatest difficulty in teaching for prospective elementary school teachers are 'Why do seasonal changes occur?' (Teaching difficulty level 4.05), 'The sun changes depending on the season' What is the difference between the southern altitude and the length of day and night?' (difficulty level of class, 3.12), 'What is the relationship between the altitude of the sun, length of shadow, and temperature during the day?' (difficulty level of class, 2.85), 'How does the temperature change depending on the season?' (class difficulty level 2.80). As a result, in the elementary science season change unit, the class on the four topics 'Why do seasons change?', which is classified as a class topic that requires the concept of spatial perception, showed a higher level of class difficulty than other units. Second, in the seasonal change unit, various factors of class difficulty appeared depending on the class topic. When pre-service elementary school teachers look at the factors that make class difficult when teaching a lesson on seasonal changes in order of frequency, 42 (50%) said 'Experimental instruction for comparing the altitude of solar masculine according to the tilt of the axis of rotation', followed by 'Solar masculine'. 38 people (45%) answered 'Difficulty in explaining mid-high altitude and the length of day and night', 27 people (32%) answered 'Difficulty in explaining the concept of mid-high altitude', and 24 people (32%) answered 'Difficulty in explaining seasonal changes in the sun's position.' 29%), 20 people (24%) said 'Explain the reasonable reason why the height of the light should be adjusted when measuring the solar altitude', and 16 people (19%) said 'It is difficult to explain the reason for the discrepancy between the solar altitude and the maximum temperature'. ), 'difficulties in measuring sand (ground) temperature' were mentioned by 12 people (14%). Third, when analyzing the factors of class difficulty, there were more curriculum factors than teacher factors. In this context, the exploratory activities on 'Why do seasonal changes occur?', the fourth topic of the seasonal change unit in which elementary school pre-service teachers showed the greatest difficulty in teaching, need improvement in terms of the curriculum.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2013

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to 1) explore nurses' attitudes toward death, coping with death, understanding and performance regarding end-of-life (EOL) care, 2) describe correlations among the above factors, and 3) determine the factors affecting nurses' EOL care performance. Methods: Study participants were 187 nurses stationed at departments that post higher mortality than others such as the oncology department, intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department (ED). Data were collected from three urban university-affiliated hospitals. Multi-dimensional measure was performed for study instruments such as "attitude toward death", "coping with death" and "understanding and performance regarding EOL care". Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regressions. Results: First, nurses showed significantly different attitudes toward death by age, religion, work unit and EOL care education. Younger nurses tend to score low on the understanding of EOL care, and ED nurses' score was lower than their peers at the oncology department and ICU. Second, EOL care performance was positively correlated with attitude toward death (P<0.001), coping with death (P=0.003) and understanding of EOL care (P<0.001). Third, nurses' EOL care performance was affected by work unit (P<0.001) and understanding of EOL care (P<0.001). Conclusion: Because nurses' performance was influenced by their work unit and understanding of EOL care, they should be provided with appropriate training to improve their understanding of death and EOL care according to work unit.