• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.971-974
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 최적설계를 위한 기초로서, 고정된 두 열원사이에서 작동하는 열기관을 예로 들어 운전조건에 따른 출력과 효율의 변화를 정성적으로 설명하여 출력 과 효율의 최대값이 극대값으로 나타남을 보이고, 경제적 측면에서 이들의 의의 및 경 제적 최적운전조건과의 관계 등을 고찰하려 한다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

정부는 2004년부터 원가산정체계를 실적공사비 중심으로 전환하였다. 이러한 실적공사비는 계약단가를 기준으로 산정되며, 현재 10억원 이상의 공공 건설공사에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 대형공사 위주의 평균단가로 구성되어 있는 실적공사비를 10억원 미만의 소규모 건축공사에 직접적으로 반영하게 됨으로써 소규모 건축공사의 실행금액이 계약금액 이상으로 증가되는 경우가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 이에 따른 영업이익의 감소로 기업운영 및 생산성 등에 악영향을 미치는 등과 같은 여러 문제들이 야기되고 있다. 따라서 10억원 미만의 소규모 건축공사에 실적공사비를 적용하기 위해서는 사업의 규모 등을 반영할 수 있는 단가보정 방안이 있어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실적공사비를 10억원 미만의 소규모 건축공사에 적용하는데 발생할 수 있는 단가적용의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 실적단가를 보정할 수 있는 실적공사비 단가보정 모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델은 소규모 건축공사의 생산성과 적정한 이윤을 책정하는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 소규모 건설업체의 경영이 악화되는 것을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 발주처는 예산편성 시 현실성 있는 공사비를 확보할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.133-137
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• 2017

Nuclear power plants in Korea are usually built based on a duplicated model; so the project cost data of the preceding unit can be used as reference when estimating the project cost for the succeeding unit. However, since the contracting method is oriented towards the price, empirical factors such as making top-down estimations using the reverse calculation method based on the completion cost of the preceding unit is dominant. In order to develop a project cost database to resolve such problems, the detailed cost boundary of the project cost data must be categorized by project and by system. This study proposes a method to connect the code of account with the base quantities and the IAEA account, and proposes a database structure for the development of a project cost estimation system. The estimation system developed in the future is expected to utilize the proposed project cost data structure.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권39호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1996

This paper is concerned with cost analysis model in free -replacement policy under the periodic maintenance policy The free-replacement policy with minimal repairable item is considered as follows; in a manufacturer's view point operating unit is periodically replaced, if a failure occurs between minimal repair and periodic maintenance time, unit is remained in a failure condition. Also unit undergoes minimal repair at failures in minimal-repair interval. Then total expected cost per unit time is calculated according to maintenance period Tin a viewpoint of consumer's. The expected costs are included repair cost and usage cost: operating, fixed, minimal repair and loss cost. Numerical example is shown in which failure time of item has beta distribution.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.470-473
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• 2009

We have developed a novel driving method, Six times Rate Driving(SRD) for the purpose of making cost competitive TFT-LCD. By applying SRD method to an a-Si TFT-LCD, the driving rate was increased six times as it was named but the number of data lines and so its D-Ics were reduced to one sixth of the conventional one which resulted in the cost saving of that much. We also newly designed the gate driver in order to avoid any expansion of the bezel width caused by applying SRD. Our newly developed driving technology, SRD was successfully applied to 7.0-inch WSVGA (1024 ${\times}$ 600) TFT-LCD which can be driven with only one data D-IC and here introduced.

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

In this paper, we consider the periodic preventive maintenance model for a repairable system following the expiration of replacement-repair warranty. Under this preventive maintenance model, we derive the expressions for the expected cycle length, the expected total cost and the expected cost rate per unit time. Also, we determine the optimal preventive maintenance period and the optimal preventive maintenance number by minimizing the expected cost rate per unit time. Finally, the optimal periodic preventive maintenance policy is given for Weibull distribution case.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

Apartment housing should require the systematic maintenance to provide the decent living condition during its life. Each household should participate the maintenance activities and pay for the repair. Therefore, the required cost for repair would be needed to plan in the repair schedule because each household could not pay the much repair money at a time. After apartment constructed, a long term repair plan would be prepared in repair time, repair scope and a required cost. A few studies are said that the repair cost depends on the building deterioration, elapsed year and management factors. The above factors are not be certain to affect the repair management while it may be important to prepare the required money and the repair time. In this paper, it aimed at analyzing the correlation between the repair management and the management factors, especially total area, number of household. This would educe the unit cost per number of household and management area in the individual boiler and elevator with full change and full repair. The unit cost per number of household and area for full change are about 199,000 won/household and $1,954won/m^2$ in the individual boiler respectively. The unit cost of the elevator for full change is 94,000 won/household and $5,429won/m^2$ respectively. Second, this study shows that the elapsed year after construction would not be related the repair unit cost.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2016

교량관리시스템(Bridge Management System, BMS)을 활용한 교량의 생애주기 관리를 위해서는 교량의 부재별 보수보강 비용 산정이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 BMS에 적용 가능한 체계적인 유지관리 비용 모델의 개발을 위하여 교량을 구성하는 대표 부재를 정의하고, 대표 부재별 세부 및 대표 보수보강 공법을 도출하였다. 세부 보수보강 공법별 단가를 산정하기 위해 표준 품셈과 실적 공사비를 이용해 각 세부 보수보강 공법별 일위대가를 구성하고, 적산 프로그램을 활용하여 보수보강 단가의 갱신이 용이하도록 체계적인 절차를 제시하였다. 또한 세부 보수보강 공법별 단가와 적용 빈도를 고려해 가중 평균 형태로 대표 보수보강 공법의 평균 단가를 산정하였다. 도출된 평균 단가를 기존의 실적 비용 단가와 비교 검증하여 적정성을 검토하였다. 제안된 평균 보수보강 비용 단가는 교량 유지관리 계획 수립 단계에서 요구 예산의 타당성을 검증하거나 보수보강 실적 비용의 적정성을 검토하는 데 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 유지관리 비용 정보의 신뢰도와 의사결정의 합리성을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.449-467
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• 2005

Purpose: This study aims to offer the fundamental data in order to cost the nursing service on the basis of the NIC and a close examination of the interventions that are contained in the health insurance cost list under the system of the current health insurance. Methods: The data is handled with the SPSS 10.0 program. The participants' general peculiarity is calculated in terms of the real number and the percentage, and the performing frequency of the nursing interventions is calculated in terms of the mean and the standard deviation. the correlation between the participants' general peculiarity and the performing frequency of the nursing interventions is analysed with t-test or one way ANOVA of SPSS. Results: In the performing frequency of the nursing interventions, the domain of "the physiological: basic" was the highest as 2.69${\pm}$1.21, the domain of "the behavioral" was the lowest as 2.11${\pm}$1.12. There were 50 core interventions in the medical unit, 48 in the surgical unit, 24 in the MICU and 33 in the SICU. The health insurance cost items contained commonly in the core interventions of each unit were 12, and the health insurance cost items except 12 items contained commonly in the core interventions of each unit were appeared 14 items in the medical unit, 6 in the surgical unit, 7 in the MICU and 2 in the SICU. The core interventions contained commonly in four units of the medical unit, the surgical unit, the MICU & the SICU are 18. And among these, the core interventions contained in the health insurance cost items are 10; pain management, hyperglycemia management, analgegic administration, medication administration: intravenous, oxygen therapy, pressure ulcer prevention, fluid management, fluide monitoring, intravenous(IV) insertion, intravenous(IV) therapy. As the result of the comparison & analysis between the core interventions of the NIC and the health insurance cost items, the core interventions contained in the health insurance cost list are 21(29 as the health insurance cost items). Conclusion: In the performing frequency of the nursing interventions, the domain of "the physiological: basic" is being performed most frequently, and in the performing frequency of the core interventions, the interventions of the domain of "the physiological: complex" is being performed most frequently. On the basis of these results, the writer hopes that the attempts to interlink the nursing interventions into the nursing cost by using of standard terms and the efforts to cost the nursing services would also be made in the future constantly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

In this paper, we show that there exists an optimal investment policy for the surplus in a risk model, in which the surplus is continuously invested to other business at a constant rate a > 0, whenever the level of the surplus exceeds a given threshold V > 0. We assign, to the risk model, two costs, the penalty per unit time while the level of the surplus being under V > 0 and the opportunity cost per unit time by keeping a unit amount of the surplus. After calculating the long-run average cost per unit time, we show that there exists an optimal investment rate $a^*$>0 which minimizes the long-run average cost per unit time, when the claim amount follows an exponential distribution.