• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2006

We shall propose ML, ordinary jackknife and biased reducing estimators of the parameter in the right truncated exponential distribution with an unidentified uniform outlier when the truncated point is unknown and their biases and MSE's are compared numerically each other in the small sample sizes.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2004

Four secondary metabolites from an unidentified tunicate were isolated by treatment with trichloroethyl chloroformate(TECF) or acetic anhydride in pyridine. Their structures were determined by an extensive NMR analysis and the configuration of diacetyl derivatives(3a, 4a) was assigned by comparing with NMR data of a similar compound. Three new naturally occurring compounds (1, 3, 4) showed potent brine shrimp lethality and antifungal effect against Candia albicans.

• 약학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 1975

The roots of Codonopsis lanceolata contained ${\alpha}$-spinasterol. ${\delta}^7$-stigmastenol, oleanolic acid, echinocystic acid, and an unidentified triterpene acid, mp $249{\circ}$.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2012

We present the results of the near-infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) slit spectroscopic observations of the diffuse emission toward nine positions in the nearby irregular galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Infrared Camera (IRC) on board AKARI. The unique characteristic of AKARI/IRC provides a great opportunity to analyze variations in the unidentified infrared (UIR) bands based on continuous spectra from 2.5 to $13.4{\mu}m$ of the same slit area. The observed variation of $I_{3.3}/I_{11.3}$ suggests destruction of small-sized UIR band carriers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in harsh environments. This result demonstrates that the UIR $3.3{\mu}m$ band provides us powerful information on the excitation conditions and/or the size distribution of PAHs, which is of importance for understanding the evolutionary process of hydrocarbon grains in the Universe. It also suggests a new diagnostic diagram of two band ratios, such as $I_{3.3}/I_{11.3}$ versus $I_{7.7}/I_{11.3}$, for the interstellar radiation conditions. We discuss on the applicability of the diagnostic diagram to other astronomical objects, comparing the LMC results with those observed in other galaxies such as NGC 6946, NGC 1313, and M51.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1967

韓國 山野에 野生하는 참조팝나무 Spiraea Koreana Nakai(Spiraeceae)엽으로 부터 m.p. 182~$184^{\circ}C$의 苦味를 갖인 Alkaloid를 無色 柱狀의 結晶으로 얻었다.(收得率 0.13%). 이 物質은 光學的으로 活性이며(比旋光度$[{\alpha}]d^{19}+3.4^{\circ}$ in $CHCl_3$), Mass Spectrometry에 依해 決定한 分子式은 $C_{23}H_{33}NO_3$이다. 文獻未記載의 것임으로 Spirajine이라 命名하였다. Spiraea Koreane N. 葉 中에는 이 外에도 다른 2種의 알칼로이드가 微量으로 含有되어 있음을 Thin Layer Chromatography로 確認하였으나 結晶으로는 못 얻었다. Spirajine의 部分化學構造에 對해 化學反應, UV, IR, NMR, MS, ORD 等으로 分析檢討함과 아울러 Mass Spectrogram의 Cracking Pattern으로부터의 Fragmentation Analysis의 結果, 分子 中 Cyclohexane 및 Cyclopentane 고리들을 갖으며 그 中 하나는 ${\alpha},{\beta}$ 不飽和 Cyclohexenone고리이고 그 外에 methyl基, 카보닐基, 水酸基, N-Methyl基 等 여러 作用基의 存在를 決定하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

We analyzed partial sequences of cytochrome b (cyt-b), a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene, to determine the genetic relationships between six horsehead fish species: Branchiostegus japonicus, Branchiostegus albus, Branchiostegus auratus, Branchiostegus argentatus, Branchiostegus wardi, and an unidentified Branchiostegus species. The specimens were collected in Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam. We compared their molecular phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA cyt-b sequences with an osteological analysis. The unidentified species, B. sp., was similar to B. albus in terms of the lack of triangular silver-white dot at the posterior region of eyes (vs. large one present in B. japonicus), but was also similar to B. japonicus in terms of the presence of a straight-shaped first hemal spine (vs. a curve-shaped hemal spine in B. albus). Analysis of the mtDNA cyt-b sequences indicated that the smallest estimated sequence divergence was between the B. japonicus and B. sp. (0.70-0.94%), whereas the largest difference was between B. auratus and B. argentatus (23.06-23.36%). Both the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees showed that the B. sp. was closely clustered with B. japonicus, and that B. auratus was most distant from the other species. When comparing the osteological characters, UPGMA tree showed that the B. japonicus and B. sp. were the most closely clustered species, and B. auratus was the most distantly clustered fish relative to the other species. The shape of the nasal, otolith and first hemal spine was informative for distinguishing B. auratus from the other species. These osteological differences were consistent with the differences in mtDNA.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.111-111
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• 2003

Several fungal isolates were isolated from diseased monochoria(Monochoria vaginalis, weed of paddy field), which has an resistance to sulfonyl urea(S.U.) herbicide, and were evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse as potential mycoherbicide. Eight fungi, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Paenicillium sp and etc. were observed in the isolates. Pathogenicity testing were done on the monochorias in the greenhouse. Monochorias were inoculated with suspensions containing conidia of each isolate at the rates of 1.0 ${\times}$ 10$\^$5/ conidia/ml and 0.1％ Tween 80 with hand-gun sprayer. Curvularia sp. and an unidentified fungal isolate caused 90-95％ mortality on the monochorias 15∼20 days after inoculation. However the other isolates induced slight symptom of disease on the monochorias. In the early stage of disease development sun-burn appearance was shown at the infected site and the last infected leaves and stems were withered to death. Subsequently the pathogenicity on the rice was evaluated with above two effective isolates. From the test an unidentified isolate showed pathogenicity on the rice but Curvularia sp., named as DBB2003, didn't. Now the mass production and formulation using Curvularia sp. DBB2003 are in progress and the field test will be followed. Combination product with Curvularia sp. DBB2003 and chemical herbicide will be more effect to control the monochoria resisted on S.U. herbicide and need to be further tested.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2006

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the attitude toward smoking and knowledge on smoking, self-efficacy, and self-esteem among high school students, and examine the moderate effects of gender on the differences in those variables between smoking and non-smoking students. As the result of investigation, it would suggest useful information for those who want to provide interventions of smoking prevention and smoking cessation to adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1,117 high school students (511 males, 584 females), whose mean age was 16.38 (SD=.87). To identify whether participants were smoking or not, bogus-pipeline was used. The data was collected with questionnaire include Smoking Attitude Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A Pearson chi-square test and 2-way MANOVAs were performed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results: With bogus-pipeline, one hundred thirty five (26.0%) of male students and 125(21.4%) of female students reported as they were smoking, while 115(22.2%) of male students and 78(13.3%) of female students reported as they were smoking at unidentified survey which was performed one week before bogus-pipeline. Results revealed that students who smoked had more positive attitude toward smoking and more knowledge on smoking than those who didn't smoke. Difference in knowledge on smoking between smoking and non-smoking students only existed in female students. Female students who smoked had lower self-esteem than female students who didn't smoke, but this difference didn't exist in male students. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it is considered smoking rates of adolescents surveyed with unidentified self-report questionnaires as underestimated. Health practitioners might consider female smokers' attitude toward and knowledge on smoking and self-esteem, especially for high school students. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help those who want to prevent initiation of smoking and give up smoking in adolescence.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

Aspergillus는 가장 흔하게 감염을 일으키는 기회 감염균이다. 검사실에서 Aspergillus의 동정은 대부분 형태학적으로 이루어진다. 최근에는 형태학적으로 동정이 안 되거나, 속 수준까지만 동정이 되는 까다로운 균들 동정하기 위하여 분자유전학적인 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 임상검체에서 분리한 475건의 Aspergillus는 Aspergillus fumigatus 257주(54.1%), A. niger 101주(21.3%), A. flavus 43주(9.1%), A. terreus 29주(6.1%), Aspergillus nidulans 2주(0.4%), 그리고 Aspergillus clavatus 1주(0.2%), 그리고 Aspergillus species는 42주(8.8%)이었다. 미동정 균주와 종 구분을 위한 11건의 염기서열분석에서는 Aspergillus fumigatus 5주, Aspergillus falvus 1주, Aspergillus terreus 1주, Aspergillus lentulus 1주 동정되었다. Aspergillus versicolor 2주, 그리고 1주는 Emericella parvathecia로 동정되었다. Aspergillus의 92.2%는 형태학적으로 동정이 가능하였고, 8.8%는 종 수준의 동정이 불가능하였다. 종 수준의 동정을 하기 위해서는 ITS와 D1D2를 이용한 염기서열분석이 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1983

In order to clarify infestation Pattern for the encysted larvae of digenetic trematodes from fresh-water fishes, this survey was carried out from March to September, 1983. A total of 380 fishes of 32 species wore collected with netting at the three reaches, upper, middle and lower in Mangyeong riverside area. After the fishes were dissected into small scraps, they were pressed under cover glass and examined-for the presence of those of digenetic trematodes with a microscope. The resillts obtailled were as follows; Out of a total of 380 knishes inspected, 320 fishes(84%) from 31 species were found positive with, digenetic trematode metacercariae; more than 10 species of the metacercariae Ivere detected in Pseuderasbora parva; .Gnnthepegen mtajimae, Microphysogokio yaluensis, Cultriculus eigenmanni and Gnnthopogon coreanus (more than 8 species) ; Aphyocypris chinensis (8 species) and etc. respectively. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were found positive from 93 fishes (25%) from 12 species and detection rates in other species of digenetic trematode metacercariae from various fishes were; Exorchis oviformis, 261 fisles (57%) from 28 species; Cyathocotyle criensalis, 47 fishcs (12%) from 12 species; Metorchis orientalis, 21 fishes (6%) from 12 species; Metagonimus yokogawai, 164 fishes (43%) from 26 species; Pseudesorchis major, 71 fishes (19%) from 18 species; Metacercaria haiegawai, 77 fishes (20%) from 25 species; Centrocestus armatus, 24 fishes (6%) from 7 species; Echinochasmus japonicus, 2 fishes (0.5%) from 2 species, and unidentified species, 34 fishes (9%) from 15 species respectively. The sums of average number of the encysted larvae of all species found in fish body/gram showed 83 in P.parva, Cobitis taenia (74.2), A. chinensis (28.5), Pseudoperilampus uyekii (26.6), G. majimae (19.6) and etc. respectively and the average peak number of each metacercaria in fish body/gram showed 21.7 C. sinensis, 245. ovifcrmis, 15, 3 M, crientalis and 6.1 5. japonicus in P. parva. 42.7 C. orientalis and 25.1 M. yohogawai in C. taenia; 8.3 C. armatus and 8.3 M. hasegawai in P. uyekii. 6.3 P. major in Carassius carassius, and 2.9 unidentified species in G, niajimae respectively.