• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.271-298
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 WTO의 세이프가드 협정 하에서의 세이프가드 조치에 대한 사법적 해석과 적용방안을 검토함으로서 한국이 세이프가드 조치를 취함에 있어 적절하고 효율적인 조치의 운용방안을 모색하고자 함에 있다. 이를 위해 우선 세이프가드 조치의 발동 요건 중 수 차례에 걸쳐 논란이 있어 왔던 GATT 제19조의 '예측하지 못한 사태의 발전', 세이프가드 협정에서의 심각한 피해의 판정에 있어 '피해요소의 적정평가' 그리고 '조치의 적정성'의 합치 요건에 초점을 두고 사법적 검토를 수행할 것이다. 그리고 이들 요건과 세이프가드 조치와 관련한 한국의 국내 법규들과의 비교 분석을 통해 세이프가드 조치의 운용에 있어서의 국내의 관련 법규들이 가지는 문제점을 발견하고, 이에 대한 입법적인 대안을 모색하고자 한다. 급박한 상황 하에서 특정 국내 산업의 적절한 보호를 위해서 세이프가드 조치의 사용이 필요한 경우가 있다. 그라나 이는 WTO의 기본 원칙과 조항들에 합치되게 운용되어야 할 것이며, 따라서 세이프가드 조치가 최소한의 법적 정당성을 가지기 위해서는 GATT 제19조를 포함한 세이프가드 협정에 대한 WTO의 해석에 합치하도록 국내의 법규를 개정하고, 이를 반드시 준수하여야 할 것이다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.188-195
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• 2022

Although issuing change orders is a common practice in the construction phase of any project, non-structural utility subcontractors are struggling and seek to find a way to reduce change orders. Therefore, this paper presents the analysis results on change orders to cultivate possible suggestions and solutions on how to reduce or minimize change orders in mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) works. Change orders in non-structural utility works are analyzed based on six categories such as rerouting and change of location, changes in weight, rejected design by Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, District Structural Engineer, or the Structural Engineer of Record, unforeseen conditions, changed equipment, and owner-initiated change. The analysis findings showed that rerouting and changing location is the most significant cause, followed by unforeseen conditions. The results not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge on change order research area, but also help MEP contractors reduce the time and cost of change orders.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.3345-3363
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• 2023

Developers often use cross-platform frameworks to create mobile apps that can run on multiple platforms with minimal code changes. However, these frameworks may not suit all the needs of a specific app, so developers may also use native APIs to add platform-specific features. This method eventually dilutes the advantages of cross-platform development methodology that aims to reduce development costs and time, and often leads to a decision to return back to the original native mobile development methodology. In this study, we explore a different approach: combining different cross-platform tools to develop a storybook mobile app that meets various requirements. We have demonstrated that integrating two cross-platform solutions can be used reliably to develop complex mobile applications. However, we also report that this approach can introduce unforeseen issues such as sandbox redundancy, unexpected functional burdens, and redundant permission requests. Despite these challenges, we believe that combining two cross-platform solutions can be applied to a variety of functional and performance requirements, enabling the development of more sophisticated mobile applications at lower costs and with shorter development timelines than traditional mobile app development methodologies.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

Sustainability became the keyword of our society worldwide, and it is undoubtful that buildings are mainly responsible for green house gas emission and energy consumption. Responding to current needs, US Green Building Council has launched the first LEED rating system in 1998. Since then, LEED has been evolved and it has multiple sub-system categorized by project types. This study aims to analyze characteristics of sustainable neighborhood development and to suggest methodology for establishing certification system in Korea. First, LEED-ND 2009(LEED for Neighborhood Development) was addressed with certified projects by US Green Building Council. After that, LEED-NC 2009(LEED for New Construction) was compared with green building certification criteria in Korea to find out unforeseen aspects by each system, in terms of sustainable neighborhood development. As a result of this study, sustainable neighborhood development requires a transition of architects' responsibility beyond building design. Building technology has been advanced at extremely fast pace, however, applying techniques to individual architecture would not make our town sustainable. This study provided basic resources to understand that creating sustainable neighborhood is social phenomenon and more studies should be undertaken to establish Green Neighborhood Certification Criteria in Korea.

• 산업공학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-158
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• 1996

This paper deals with the development of a software module for production planning and scheduling activities of an actual die-production management system. Scheduling problems, such as master schedule and detailed schedule, are the focal point of the whole article and they are considered in terms of operation procedures. Schedule-explosion module and load levelling module are the essential components of schedule management. The scheduling module allocates the resources, determines the process priority and the planned start and completion dates of processes. Rescheduling can be done to manipulate unforeseen situations that schedule is delayed owing to inducing defectives, machine breakdowns and lumpy demands. This study indicates a practical model for the die-producation management and helps to apply it for jobs in the real situation.

• 산업공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 1993

This paper deals with the development of a software module for production planning and scheduling activities of an existing Flexible Machining and Assembly System (FMAS). The Production Planning Module uses the hierarchical and sequential scheme based on "divide and conquer" philosophy. In this module, routes are determined based on the production order, orders are screened, tools are allocated, and order adjustments are executed according to the allocated tools. The Scheduling Module allocates the resources, determines the task priority and the start and completion times of tasks. Re-scheduling can be done to handle unforeseen situations such as lumpy demands and machine breakdowns. Since all modules are integrated with a central database and they interface independently, it is easy to append new modules or update the existing modules. The result of this study is used for operating the real FMAS consisting of a machining cell with 2 domestic NC machines and a part feeding robot, an assembly cell with a conveyor and 3 robots, an inspection cell, an AGV, an AS/RS, and a central control computer.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2021

Improving the plant protection system against unforeseen changes/transients during operation is essential to maintain plant safety. Under this condition, it requires rapid and accurate signal processing. The use of an Intellectual Property (IP) core for floating point calculations for Safety Critical MMIS can make numerical computations easier and more precise, improving system accuracy. It can represent and manipulate rational numbers as well as a much broader range of values with dynamic range in nuclear power plant. Systems engineering approach (SE) is used through the development process, it helps to reduce complexity and avoid omissions and invalid assumptions as delivers a better understanding of the stakeholders needs. For the implementation on the FPGA target board, the 32-bit floating-point arithmetic with IEEE-754 standards has designed using Simulink model in Matlab for all operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and VHDL code generated.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2021

The domestic CANDU nuclear power plants have been operated for a long time and various unforeseen spent fuel defects have been discovered. As the spent fuel defects are important factors in the safety of the nuclear power plant, a study on the analysis of the spent fuel defects to prevent their recurrence is necessary. However, in cases where the fuel rods inside the fuel assembly are defected, it is difficult to dismantle the fuel assembly owing to their welded structure and the facility conditions of the plant. Therefore, it is impossible to analyze the spent fuel defect because it is difficult to visually check the shape of the fuel defect. To resolve these problems, an analysis technology that can predict the number of defected fuel rods and defect size was developed. In this study, we developed a methodology for investigating the root cause of spent fuel defects using a database of the earlier fuel defects in the plants. It is anticipated that in the future this analysis technology will be applied when spent fuel defects occur.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2007

In the past, several construction projects have exceeded their schedule resulting in financial losses to the owners; at present there are very few methods available to accurately forecast the completion date of a project. These nay be because of unforeseen outcomes that cannot be accounted for earlier and because of deficiency of proper tools to forecast completion date of said project. To overcome these difficulties, project managers may need a tool to predict the completion date at the early stage of project development. Bayesian Inference introduced in this paper is one such tool that can be employed to forecast project progress at all construction stages. Using this inference, project managers can combine an initially planned project progress (growth curve) with reported information from ongoing projects during the development, and in addition, dynamically revise this initial plan and quantify the uncertainty of completion date. This study introduces a theoretical model and proposes a mathematically information-based framework to forecast a project completion date that corresponds with the actual progress data and to monitor the modified uncertainties using Bayesian Inference.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to help understanding of fun image in fashion & pattern to play a guideline's role in the development on fashion designs study. The methods of this study are academic literatures as well as practical study through case studies about actual works. Formative characteristics of fun image in fashion & pattern are summarized amusement, unexpecting, childishness, and incongruity as follows. First, Amusement pursuits pleasure, freedom, vitality of living and getting away from reality, while doing the mind gently. Second, Unexpecting leads to stop a moment by unforeseen circumstances which gives embarrassing. This embarrassing induces new ideas that led to a larger perspective on the will from exhilarating fun of the thrill of driving pleasure on fashion. Third, Childishness shows a pureness and relaxedness by approaching for innocent and naive child's Sights away from the desire required adult social roles. Fourth, Incongruity aim for fresh of fashion through humanism and freedom in mechanized and standardized society Recently fun images have received attention is interpreted that joy, pleasure, enjoyment because fun image gives emotional comfort in uncertainty, dissatisfaction, and rapid changes society.